smartctl.8.in

硬盘各项性能的测试,如温度容量版本健康度型号

.ig
 Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen <[e-mail]>

 $Id: smartctl.8.in,v 1.105 2008/03/04 22:09:47 ballen4705 Exp $
 
 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
 Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
 version.
 
 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License (for
 example COPYING); if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675
 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

 This code was originally developed as a Senior Thesis by Michael Cornwell
 at the Concurrent Systems Laboratory (now part of the Storage Systems
 Research Center), Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of
 California, Santa Cruz. http://ssrc.soe.ucsc.edu/

..
.TH SMARTCTL 8 CURRENT_CVS_DATE CURRENT_CVS_VERSION CURRENT_CVS_DATE
.SH NAME
\fBsmartctl\fP \- Control and Monitor Utility for SMART Disks

.SH SYNOPSIS
.B smartctl [options] device

.SH FULL PATH
.B /usr/local/sbin/smartctl

.SH PACKAGE VERSION
CURRENT_CVS_VERSION released CURRENT_CVS_DATE at CURRENT_CVS_TIME

.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBsmartctl\fP controls the Self\-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting
Technology (SMART) system built into many ATA\-3 and later ATA, IDE and
SCSI\-3 hard drives. The purpose of SMART is to monitor the reliability
of the hard drive and predict drive failures, and to carry out
different types of drive self\-tests.  This version of \fBsmartctl\fP
is compatible with ATA/ATAPI\-7 and earlier standards (see REFERENCES
below)

\fBsmartctl\fP is a command line utility designed to perform SMART
tasks such as printing the SMART self\-test and error logs, enabling
and disabling SMART automatic testing, and initiating device
self\-tests. Note: if the user issues a SMART command that is
(apparently) not implemented by the device, \fBsmartctl\fP will print
a warning message but issue the command anyway (see the \fB\-T,
\-\-tolerance\fP option below).  This should not cause problems: on
most devices, unimplemented SMART commands issued to a drive are
ignored and/or return an error.

\fBsmartctl\fP also provides support for polling TapeAlert messages
from SCSI tape drives and changers.

The user must specify the device to be controlled or interrogated as
the final argument to \fBsmartctl\fP.  Device paths are as follows:
.IP \fBLINUX\fP: 9
Use the forms \fB"/dev/hd[a\-t]"\fP for IDE/ATA
devices, and \fB"/dev/sd[a\-z]"\fP for SCSI devices. For
SCSI Tape Drives and Changers with TapeAlert support use the devices
\fB"/dev/nst*"\fP and \fB"/dev/sg*"\fP. 
For SATA disks accessed with libata, use \fB"/dev/sd[a\-z]"\fP
and append \fB"\-d ata"\fP. For disks behind 3ware controllers
you may need \fB"/dev/sd[a\-z]"\fP or \fB"/dev/twe[0\-9]"\fP
or \fB"/dev/twa[0\-9]"\fP: see details below. For disks behind
HighPoint RocketRAID controllers you may need \fB"/dev/sd[a\-z]"\fP.
More general paths (such as devfs ones) may also be specified.
.IP \fBDARWIN\fP: 9
Use the forms \fB/dev/disk[0\-9]\fP or equivalently \fBdisk[0\-9]\fP or equivalently
\fB/dev/rdisk[0\-9]\fP.  Long forms are also available: please use \'\-h\' to see some
examples. Note that there is currently no Darwin SCSI support.
.IP \fBFREEBSD\fP: 9
Use the forms \fB"/dev/ad[0\-9]+"\fP for IDE/ATA
devices and \fB"/dev/da[0\-9]+"\fP for SCSI devices.
.IP \fBNETBSD/OPENBSD\fP: 9
Use the form \fB"/dev/wd[0\-9]+c"\fP for IDE/ATA
devices.  For SCSI disk and tape devices, use the device names
\fB"/dev/sd[0\-9]+c"\fP and \fB"/dev/st[0\-9]+c"\fP respectively.  
Be sure to specify the correct "whole disk" partition letter for 
your architecture.
.IP \fBSOLARIS\fP: 9
Use the forms \fB"/dev/rdsk/c?t?d?s?"\fP for IDE/ATA and SCSI disk
devices, and \fB"/dev/rmt/*"\fP for SCSI tape devices.
.IP \fBWINDOWS\ 9x/ME\fP: 9
Use the forms \fB"/dev/hd[a\-d]"\fP for standard IDE/ATA devices
accessed via SMARTVSD.VXD, and \fB"/dev/hd[e\-h]"\fP for additional devices
accessed via a patched SMARTVSE.VXD (see INSTALL file for details).
Use the form \fB"/dev/scsi[0\-9][0\-f]"\fP for SCSI devices via an aspi dll
on ASPI adapter 0\-9, ID 0\-15. The prefix \fB"/dev/"\fP is optional.
.IP \fBWINDOWS\ NT4/2000/XP/2003/Vista\fP: 9
Use the forms \fB"/dev/sd[a\-z]"\fP for IDE/(S)ATA and SCSI disks
"\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive[0\-25]" (where "a" maps to "0").
These disks can also be referred to as \fB"/dev/pd[0\-255]"\fP for
"\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive[0\-255]".
ATA disks can also be referred to as \fB"/dev/hd[a\-z]"\fP for
"\\\\.\\PhysicalDrive[0\-25]". 
Use one the forms \fB"/dev/tape[0\-255]"\fP, \fB"/dev/st[0\-255]"\fP,
or \fB"/dev/nst[0\-255]"\fP for SCSI tape drives "\\\\.\\Tape[0\-255]".

Alternatively, drive letters \fB"X:"\fP or \fB"X:\\"\fP may be used to
specify the physical drive behind a mounted partition.

For disks behind 3ware 9000 controllers use \fB"/dev/sd[a\-z],N"\fP where
N specifies the disk number (3ware \'port\') behind the controller
providing the logical drive (\'unit\') specified by \fB"/dev/sd[a\-z]"\fP.
Alternatively, use \fB"/dev/tw_cli/cx/py"\fP for controller x, port y
to run the \'tw_cli\' tool and parse the output. This provides limited
monitoring (\'\-i\', \'\-c\', \'\-A\' below) if SMART support is missing
in the driver. Use \fB"/dev/tw_cli/stdin"\fP or \fB"/dev/tw_cli/clip"\fP
to parse CLI or 3DM output from standard input or clipboard.
The option \'\-d 3ware,N\' is not necessary on Windows.
The prefix \fB"/dev/"\fP is optional.
.IP \fBCYGWIN\fP: 9
See "WINDOWS NT4/2000/XP/2003/Vista" above.
.IP \fBOS/2,eComStation\fP: 9
Use the form \fB"/dev/hd[a\-z]"\fP for IDE/ATA devices.
.PP
if \'\-\' is specified as the device path, \fBsmartctl\fP reads and
interprets it's own debug output from standard input.
See \'\-r ataioctl\' below for details.
.PP
Based on the device path, \fBsmartctl\fP will guess the device type
(ATA or SCSI).  If necessary, the \'\-d\' option can be used to over\-ride
this guess

Note that the printed output of \fBsmartctl\fP displays most numerical
values in base 10 (decimal), but some values are displayed in base 16
(hexadecimal).  To distinguish them, the base 16 values are always
displayed with a leading \fB"0x"\fP, for example: "0xff". This man
page follows the same convention.

.PP
.SH OPTIONS
.PP
The options are grouped below into several categories.  \fBsmartctl\fP
will execute the corresponding commands in the order: INFORMATION,
ENABLE/DISABLE, DISPLAY DATA, RUN/ABORT TESTS.

SCSI devices only accept the options \fB\-h, \-V, \-i, \-a, \-A, \-d,
\-s, \-S,\-H, \-t, \-C, \-l background, \-l error, \-l selftest, \-r,\fP
and \fB\-X\fP.  TapeAlert devices only accept the options \fB\-h, \-V,
\-i, \-a, \-A, \-d, \-s, \-S, \-t, \-l error, \-l selftest, \-r,\fP
and \fB\-H\fP.

Long options  are  not  supported  on  all  systems.   Use
.B \'smartctl \-h\'
to see the available options.

.TP
.B SHOW INFORMATION OPTIONS:
.TP
.B \-h, \-\-help, \-\-usage
Prints a usage message to STDOUT and exits.
.TP
.B \-V, \-\-version, \-\-copyright, \-\-license
Prints version, copyright, license, home page and CVS\-id information
for your copy of \fBsmartctl\fP to STDOUT and then exits.  Please
include this information if you are reporting bugs or problems.
.TP
.B \-i, \-\-info
Prints the device model number, serial number, firmware version, and
ATA Standard version/revision information.  Says if the device
supports SMART, and if so, whether SMART support is currently enabled
or disabled.  If the device supports Logical Block Address mode (LBA
mode) print current user drive capacity in bytes. (If drive is has a
user protected area reserved, or is "clipped", this may be smaller
than the potential maximum drive capacity.)  Indicates if the drive is
in the smartmontools database (see \'\-v\' options below).  If so, the
drive model family may also be printed. If \'\-n\' (see below) is
specified, the power mode of the drive is printed.
.TP
.B \-a, \-\-all
Prints all SMART information about the disk, or TapeAlert information
about the tape drive or changer.  For ATA devices this is equivalent
to
.nf
\'\-H \-i \-c \-A \-l error \-l selftest \-l selective\'
.fi
and for SCSI, this is equivalent to
.nf
\'\-H \-i \-A \-l error \-l selftest\'.
.fi
Note that for ATA disks this does \fBnot\fP enable the \'\-l
directory\' option.

.TP
.B RUN\-TIME BEHAVIOR OPTIONS:
.TP
.B \-q TYPE, \-\-quietmode=TYPE
Specifies that \fBsmartctl\fP should run in one of the two quiet modes
described here.  The valid arguments to this option are:

.I errorsonly
\- only print: For the \'\-l error\' option, if nonzero, the number
of errors recorded in the SMART error log and the power\-on time when
they occurred; For the \'\-l selftest\' option, errors recorded in the device
self\-test log; For the \'\-H\' option, SMART "disk failing" status or device
Attributes (pre\-failure or usage) which failed either now or in the
past; For the \'\-A\' option, device Attributes (pre\-failure or usage)
which failed either now or in the past.

.I silent
\- print no output.  The only way to learn about what was found is to
use the exit status of \fBsmartctl\fP (see RETURN VALUES below).

.I noserial
\- Do not print the serial number of the device.

.TP
.B \-d TYPE, \-\-device=TYPE
Specifies the type of the device.  The valid arguments to this option
are \fIata\fP, \fIscsi\fP, \fIsat\fP, \fImarvell\fP, \fI3ware,N\fP, and \fIhpt,L/M\fP,
\fIcciss,N\fP or \fIhpt,L/M/N\fP.  If this option is not used then
\fBsmartctl\fP will attempt to guess the device type from the device name.

The \'sat\' device type is for ATA disks that have a SCSI to ATA
Translation (SAT) Layer (SATL) between the disk and the operating system.
SAT defines two ATA PASS THROUGH SCSI commands, one 12 bytes long and
the other 16 bytes long that \fBsmartctl\fP will utilize when this device
type is selected. The default is the 16 byte variant which can be
overridden with either \'\-d sat,12\' or \'\-d sat,16\'.

Under Linux, to look at SATA disks behind Marvell SATA controllers
(using Marvell's \'linuxIAL\' driver rather than libata driver) use \'\-d marvell\'. Such
controllers show up as Marvell Technology Group Ltd. SATA I or II controllers
using lspci, or using lspci \-n show a vendor ID 0x11ab and a device ID of
either 0x5040, 0x5041, 0x5080, 0x5081, 0x6041 or 0x6081. The \'linuxIAL\' driver
seems not (yet?) available in the Linux kernel source tree, but should be available
from system vendors (ftp://ftp.aslab.com/ is known to provide a patch with the driver).

Under Linux and FreeBSD, to look at ATA disks behind 3ware SCSI RAID controllers,
use syntax such as:
.nf
\fBsmartctl \-a \-d 3ware,2 /dev/sda\fP
.fi
.nf
\fBsmartctl \-a \-d 3ware,0 /dev/twe0\fP
.fi
.nf
\fBsmartctl \-a \-d 3ware,1 /dev/twa0\fP
.fi
where in the argument \fI3ware,N\fP, the integer N is the disk number
(3ware \'port\') within the 3ware ATA RAID controller.  The allowed
values of N are from 0 to 31 inclusive.  The first two forms, which
refer to devices /dev/sda\-z and /dev/twe0\-15, may be used with 3ware
series 6000, 7000, and 8000 series controllers that use the 3x\-xxxx
driver.  \fBNote that the /dev/sda\-z form is deprecated\fP starting
with the Linux 2.6 kernel series and may not be supported by the Linux
kernel in the near future. The final form, which refers to devices
/dev/twa0\-15, must be used with 3ware 9000 series controllers, which
use the 3w\-9xxx driver.

Note that if the special character device nodes /dev/twa? and
/dev/twe? do not exist, or exist with the incorrect major or minor
numbers, smartctl will recreate them on the fly.  Typically /dev/twa0
refers to the first 9000\-series controller, /dev/twa1 refers to the
second 9000 series controller, and so on. Likewise /dev/twe0 refers to
the first 6/7/8000\-series controller, /dev/twa1 refers to the second
6/7/8000 series controller, and so on.

Note that for the 6/7/8000 controllers, \fBany\fP of the physical
disks can be queried or examined using \fBany\fP of the 3ware's SCSI
logical device /dev/sd?  entries.  Thus, if logical device /dev/sda is
made up of two physical disks (3ware ports zero and one) and logical
device /dev/sdb is made up of two other physical disks (3ware ports
two and three) then you can examine the SMART data on \fBany\fP of the
four physical disks using \fBeither\fP SCSI device /dev/sda \fBor\fP
/dev/sdb.  If you need to know which logical SCSI device a particular
physical disk (3ware port) is associated with, use the dmesg or SYSLOG
output to show which SCSI ID corresponds to a particular 3ware unit,
and then use the 3ware CLI or 3dm tool to determine which ports
(physical disks) correspond to particular 3ware units.

If the value of N corresponds to a port that does \fBnot\fP exist on
the 3ware controller, or to a port that does not physically have a
disk attached to it, the behavior of \fBsmartctl\fP depends upon the
specific controller model, firmware, Linux kernel and platform.  In
some cases you will get a warning message that the device does not
exist. In other cases you will be presented with \'void\' data for a
non\-existent device.

Note that if the /dev/sd? addressing form is used, then older 3w\-xxxx
drivers do not pass the "Enable Autosave"
(\'\fB\-S on\fP\') and "Enable Automatic Offline" (\'\fB\-o on\fP\')
commands to the disk, and produce these types of harmless syslog error
messages instead: "\fB3w\-xxxx: tw_ioctl(): Passthru size (123392) too
big\fP". This can be fixed by upgrading to version 1.02.00.037 or
later of the 3w\-xxxx driver, or by applying a patch to older
versions. See \fBhttp://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/\fP for
instructions.  Alternatively, use the character device /dev/twe0\-15 interface.

The selective self\-test functions (\'\-t select,A\-B\') are only supported
using the character device interface /dev/twa0\-15 and /dev/twe0\-15.
The necessary WRITE LOG commands can not be passed through the SCSI
interface.