os_linux.cpp

硬盘各项性能的测试,如温度容量版本健康度型号

  // and set up return values
  *names=mp;
  return n;
}

// makes a list of device names to scan, for either ATA or SCSI
// devices.  Return -1 if no memory remaining, else the number of
// devices on the list, which can be >=0.
int make_device_names (char*** devlist, const char* name) {
  int retval, maxdev;

#if 0
  // for testing case where no device names are found
  return 0;
#endif

  if (!strcmp(name,"SCSI"))
    retval=get_dev_names(devlist,"/dev/sd[a-z]", name, maxdev=26);
  else if (!strcmp(name,"ATA"))
    retval=get_dev_names(devlist,"/dev/hd[a-t]", name, maxdev=20);
  else
    // don't recognize disk type!
    return 0;

  // if we found traditional links, we are done
  if (retval>0)
    return retval;

  // else look for devfs entries without traditional links
  return get_dev_names(devlist,"/dev/discs/disc*", name, maxdev);
}


// PURPOSE
//   This is an interface routine meant to isolate the OS dependent
//   parts of the code, and to provide a debugging interface.  Each
//   different port and OS needs to provide it's own interface.  This
//   is the linux one.
// DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ARGUMENTS
//   device: is the file descriptor provided by open()
//   command: defines the different operations.
//   select: additional input data if needed (which log, which type of
//           self-test).
//   data:   location to write output data, if needed (512 bytes).
//   Note: not all commands use all arguments.
// RETURN VALUES
//  -1 if the command failed
//   0 if the command succeeded,
//   STATUS_CHECK routine:
//  -1 if the command failed
//   0 if the command succeeded and disk SMART status is "OK"
//   1 if the command succeeded and disk SMART status is "FAILING"


#define BUFFER_LENGTH (4+512)

int ata_command_interface(int device, smart_command_set command, int select, char *data){
  unsigned char buff[BUFFER_LENGTH];
  // positive: bytes to write to caller.  negative: bytes to READ from
  // caller. zero: non-data command
  int copydata=0;

  const int HDIO_DRIVE_CMD_OFFSET = 4;

  // See struct hd_drive_cmd_hdr in hdreg.h.  Before calling ioctl()
  // buff[0]: ATA COMMAND CODE REGISTER
  // buff[1]: ATA SECTOR NUMBER REGISTER == LBA LOW REGISTER
  // buff[2]: ATA FEATURES REGISTER
  // buff[3]: ATA SECTOR COUNT REGISTER

  // Note that on return:
  // buff[2] contains the ATA SECTOR COUNT REGISTER

  // clear out buff.  Large enough for HDIO_DRIVE_CMD (4+512 bytes)
  memset(buff, 0, BUFFER_LENGTH);

  buff[0]=ATA_SMART_CMD;
  switch (command){
  case CHECK_POWER_MODE:
    buff[0]=ATA_CHECK_POWER_MODE;
    copydata=1;
    break;
  case READ_VALUES:
    buff[2]=ATA_SMART_READ_VALUES;
    buff[3]=1;
    copydata=512;
    break;
  case READ_THRESHOLDS:
    buff[2]=ATA_SMART_READ_THRESHOLDS;
    buff[1]=buff[3]=1;
    copydata=512;
    break;
  case READ_LOG:
    buff[2]=ATA_SMART_READ_LOG_SECTOR;
    buff[1]=select;
    buff[3]=1;
    copydata=512;
    break;
  case WRITE_LOG:
    break;
  case IDENTIFY:
    buff[0]=ATA_IDENTIFY_DEVICE;
    buff[3]=1;
    copydata=512;
    break;
  case PIDENTIFY:
    buff[0]=ATA_IDENTIFY_PACKET_DEVICE;
    buff[3]=1;
    copydata=512;
    break;
  case ENABLE:
    buff[2]=ATA_SMART_ENABLE;
    buff[1]=1;
    break;
  case DISABLE:
    buff[2]=ATA_SMART_DISABLE;
    buff[1]=1;
    break;
  case STATUS:
    // this command only says if SMART is working.  It could be
    // replaced with STATUS_CHECK below.
    buff[2]=ATA_SMART_STATUS;
    break;
  case AUTO_OFFLINE:
    // NOTE: According to ATAPI 4 and UP, this command is obsolete
    // select == 241 for enable but no data transfer.  Use TASK ioctl.
    buff[1]=ATA_SMART_AUTO_OFFLINE;
    buff[2]=select;
    break;
  case AUTOSAVE:
    // select == 248 for enable but no data transfer.  Use TASK ioctl.
    buff[1]=ATA_SMART_AUTOSAVE;
    buff[2]=select;
    break;
  case IMMEDIATE_OFFLINE:
    buff[2]=ATA_SMART_IMMEDIATE_OFFLINE;
    buff[1]=select;
    break;
  case STATUS_CHECK:
    // This command uses HDIO_DRIVE_TASK and has different syntax than
    // the other commands.
    buff[1]=ATA_SMART_STATUS;
    break;
  default:
    pout("Unrecognized command %d in linux_ata_command_interface()\n"
         "Please contact " PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "\n", command);
    errno=ENOSYS;
    return -1;
  }

  // This command uses the HDIO_DRIVE_TASKFILE ioctl(). This is the
  // only ioctl() that can be used to WRITE data to the disk.
  if (command==WRITE_LOG) {
    unsigned char task[sizeof(ide_task_request_t)+512];
    ide_task_request_t *reqtask=(ide_task_request_t *) task;
    task_struct_t      *taskfile=(task_struct_t *) reqtask->io_ports;
    int retval;

    memset(task,      0, sizeof(task));

    taskfile->data           = 0;
    taskfile->feature        = ATA_SMART_WRITE_LOG_SECTOR;
    taskfile->sector_count   = 1;
    taskfile->sector_number  = select;
    taskfile->low_cylinder   = 0x4f;
    taskfile->high_cylinder  = 0xc2;
    taskfile->device_head    = 0;
    taskfile->command        = ATA_SMART_CMD;

    reqtask->data_phase      = TASKFILE_OUT;
    reqtask->req_cmd         = IDE_DRIVE_TASK_OUT;
    reqtask->out_size        = 512;
    reqtask->in_size         = 0;

    // copy user data into the task request structure
    memcpy(task+sizeof(ide_task_request_t), data, 512);

    if ((retval=ioctl(device, HDIO_DRIVE_TASKFILE, task))) {
      if (retval==-EINVAL)
        pout("Kernel lacks HDIO_DRIVE_TASKFILE support; compile kernel with CONFIG_IDE_TASKFILE_IO set\n");
      return -1;
    }
    return 0;
  }

  // There are two different types of ioctls().  The HDIO_DRIVE_TASK
  // one is this:
  if (command==STATUS_CHECK || command==AUTOSAVE || command==AUTO_OFFLINE){
    int retval;

    // NOT DOCUMENTED in /usr/src/linux/include/linux/hdreg.h. You
    // have to read the IDE driver source code.  Sigh.
    // buff[0]: ATA COMMAND CODE REGISTER
    // buff[1]: ATA FEATURES REGISTER
    // buff[2]: ATA SECTOR_COUNT
    // buff[3]: ATA SECTOR NUMBER
    // buff[4]: ATA CYL LO REGISTER
    // buff[5]: ATA CYL HI REGISTER
    // buff[6]: ATA DEVICE HEAD

    unsigned const char normal_lo=0x4f, normal_hi=0xc2;
    unsigned const char failed_lo=0xf4, failed_hi=0x2c;
    buff[4]=normal_lo;
    buff[5]=normal_hi;

    if ((retval=ioctl(device, HDIO_DRIVE_TASK, buff))) {
      if (retval==-EINVAL) {
        pout("Error SMART Status command via HDIO_DRIVE_TASK failed");
        pout("Rebuild older linux 2.2 kernels with HDIO_DRIVE_TASK support added\n");
      }
      else
        syserror("Error SMART Status command failed");
      return -1;
    }

    // Cyl low and Cyl high unchanged means "Good SMART status"
    if (buff[4]==normal_lo && buff[5]==normal_hi)
      return 0;

    // These values mean "Bad SMART status"
    if (buff[4]==failed_lo && buff[5]==failed_hi)
      return 1;

    // We haven't gotten output that makes sense; print out some debugging info
    syserror("Error SMART Status command failed");
    pout("Please get assistance from " PACKAGE_HOMEPAGE "\n");
    pout("Register values returned from SMART Status command are:\n");
    pout("ST =0x%02x\n",(int)buff[0]);
    pout("ERR=0x%02x\n",(int)buff[1]);
    pout("NS =0x%02x\n",(int)buff[2]);
    pout("SC =0x%02x\n",(int)buff[3]);
    pout("CL =0x%02x\n",(int)buff[4]);
    pout("CH =0x%02x\n",(int)buff[5]);
    pout("SEL=0x%02x\n",(int)buff[6]);
    return -1;
  }

#if 1
  // Note to people doing ports to other OSes -- don't worry about
  // this block -- you can safely ignore it.  I have put it here
  // because under linux when you do IDENTIFY DEVICE to a packet
  // device, it generates an ugly kernel syslog error message.  This
  // is harmless but frightens users.  So this block detects packet
  // devices and make IDENTIFY DEVICE fail "nicely" without a syslog
  // error message.
  //
  // If you read only the ATA specs, it appears as if a packet device
  // *might* respond to the IDENTIFY DEVICE command.  This is
  // misleading - it's because around the time that SFF-8020 was
  // incorporated into the ATA-3/4 standard, the ATA authors were
  // sloppy. See SFF-8020 and you will see that ATAPI devices have
  // *always* had IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE as a mandatory part of their
  // command set, and return 'Command Aborted' to IDENTIFY DEVICE.
  if (command==IDENTIFY || command==PIDENTIFY){
    unsigned short deviceid[256];
    // check the device identity, as seen when the system was booted
    // or the device was FIRST registered.  This will not be current
    // if the user has subsequently changed some of the parameters. If
    // device is a packet device, swap the command interpretations.
    if (!ioctl(device, HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, deviceid) && (deviceid[0] & 0x8000))
      buff[0]=(command==IDENTIFY)?ATA_IDENTIFY_PACKET_DEVICE:ATA_IDENTIFY_DEVICE;
  }
#endif

  // We are now doing the HDIO_DRIVE_CMD type ioctl.
  if ((ioctl(device, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, buff)))
    return -1;

  // CHECK POWER MODE command returns information in the Sector Count
  // register (buff[3]).  Copy to return data buffer.
  if (command==CHECK_POWER_MODE)
    buff[HDIO_DRIVE_CMD_OFFSET]=buff[2];

  // if the command returns data then copy it back
  if (copydata)
    memcpy(data, buff+HDIO_DRIVE_CMD_OFFSET, copydata);

  return 0;
}

// >>>>>> Start of general SCSI specific linux code

/* Linux specific code.
 * Historically smartmontools (and smartsuite before it) used the
 * SCSI_IOCTL_SEND_COMMAND ioctl which is available to all linux device
 * nodes that use the SCSI subsystem. A better interface has been available
 * via the SCSI generic (sg) driver but this involves the extra step of
 * mapping disk devices (e.g. /dev/sda) to the corresponding sg device
 * (e.g. /dev/sg2). In the linux kernel 2.6 series most of the facilities of
 * the sg driver have become available via the SG_IO ioctl which is available
 * on all SCSI devices (on SCSI tape devices from lk 2.6.6).
 * So the strategy below is to find out if the SG_IO ioctl is available and
 * if so use it; failing that use the older SCSI_IOCTL_SEND_COMMAND ioctl.
 * Should work in 2.0, 2.2, 2.4 and 2.6 series linux kernels. */

#define MAX_DXFER_LEN 1024      /* can be increased if necessary */
#define SEND_IOCTL_RESP_SENSE_LEN 16    /* ioctl limitation */
#define SG_IO_RESP_SENSE_LEN 64 /* large enough see buffer */
#define LSCSI_DRIVER_MASK  0xf /* mask out "suggestions" */
#define LSCSI_DRIVER_SENSE  0x8 /* alternate CHECK CONDITION indication */
#define LSCSI_DRIVER_TIMEOUT  0x6
#define LSCSI_DID_TIME_OUT  0x3
#define LSCSI_DID_BUS_BUSY  0x2
#define LSCSI_DID_NO_CONNECT  0x1

#ifndef SCSI_IOCTL_SEND_COMMAND
#define SCSI_IOCTL_SEND_COMMAND 1
#endif

#define SG_IO_PRESENT_UNKNOWN 0
#define SG_IO_PRESENT_YES 1
#define SG_IO_PRESENT_NO 2

static int sg_io_cmnd_io(int dev_fd, struct scsi_cmnd_io * iop, int report,
                         int unknown);
static int sisc_cmnd_io(int dev_fd, struct scsi_cmnd_io * iop, int report);

static int sg_io_state = SG_IO_PRESENT_UNKNOWN;

/* Preferred implementation for issuing SCSI commands in linux. This
 * function uses the SG_IO ioctl. Return 0 if command issued successfully
 * (various status values should still be checked). If the SCSI command
 * cannot be issued then a negative errno value is returned. */
static int sg_io_cmnd_io(int dev_fd, struct scsi_cmnd_io * iop, int report,
                         int unknown)
{
#ifndef SG_IO
    ARGUSED(dev_fd); ARGUSED(iop); ARGUSED(report);
    return -ENOTTY;
#else
    struct sg_io_hdr io_hdr;

    if (report > 0) {
        int k, j;
        const unsigned char * ucp = iop->cmnd;
        const char * np;
        char buff[256];
        const int sz = (int)sizeof(buff);

        np = scsi_get_opcode_name(ucp[0]);
        j = snprintf(buff, sz, " [%s: ", np ? np : "<unknown opcode>");
        for (k = 0; k < (int)iop->cmnd_len; ++k)
            j += snprintf(&buff[j], (sz > j ? (sz - j) : 0), "%02x ", ucp[k]);
        if ((report > 1) &&
            (DXFER_TO_DEVICE == iop->dxfer_dir) && (iop->dxferp)) {
            int trunc = (iop->dxfer_len > 256) ? 1 : 0;

            j += snprintf(&buff[j], (sz > j ? (sz - j) : 0), "]\n  Outgoing "
                          "data, len=%d%s:\n", (int)iop->dxfer_len,
                          (trunc ? " [only first 256 bytes shown]" : ""));
            dStrHex((const char *)iop->dxferp,
                    (trunc ? 256 : iop->dxfer_len) , 1);
        }
        else
            j += snprintf(&buff[j], (sz > j ? (sz - j) : 0), "]\n");
        pout(buff);
    }
    memset(&io_hdr, 0, sizeof(struct sg_io_hdr));
    io_hdr.interface_id = 'S';
    io_hdr.cmd_len = iop->cmnd_len;
    io_hdr.mx_sb_len = iop->max_sense_len;
    io_hdr.dxfer_len = iop->dxfer_len;