smartd.conf.5.in

硬盘各项性能的测试,如温度容量版本健康度型号

.I diminishing
\- send additional warning reminder emails, after a one-day interval,
then a two-day interval, then a four-day interval, and so on for each
type of disk problem detected. Each interval is twice as long as the
previous interval.

In addition, one may add zero or more of the following Directives:

.I test
\- send a single test email
immediately upon
\fBsmartd\fP
startup.  This allows one to verify that email is delivered correctly.
Note that if this Directive is used,
\fBsmartd\fP
will also send the normal email warnings that were enabled with the \'\-m\' Directive,
in addition to the single test email!

.I exec PATH
\- run the executable PATH instead of the default mail command, when
\fBsmartd\fP
needs to send email.  PATH must point to an executable binary file or
script.

By setting PATH to point to a customized script, you can make
\fBsmartd\fP perform useful tricks when a disk problem is detected
(beeping the console, shutting down the machine, broadcasting warnings
to all logged-in users, etc.)  But please be careful. \fBsmartd\fP
will \fBblock\fP until the executable PATH returns, so if your
executable hangs, then \fBsmartd\fP will also hang. Some sample
scripts are included in
/usr/local/share/doc/smartmontools-5.1/examplescripts/.

The return status of the executable is recorded by \fBsmartd\fP in
SYSLOG. The executable is not expected to write to STDOUT or
STDERR.  If it does, then this is interpreted as indicating that
something is going wrong with your executable, and a fragment of this
output is logged to SYSLOG to help you to understand the problem.
Normally, if you wish to leave some record behind, the executable
should send mail or write to a file or device.

Before running the executable, \fBsmartd\fP sets a number of
environment variables.  These environment variables may be used to
control the executable\'s behavior.  The environment variables
exported by \fBsmartd\fP are:
.RS 7
.IP \fBSMARTD_MAILER\fP 4
is set to the argument of \-M exec, if present or else to \'mail\'
(examples: /bin/mail, mail).
.IP \fBSMARTD_DEVICE\fP 4
is set to the device path (examples: /dev/hda, /dev/sdb).
.IP \fBSMARTD_DEVICETYPE\fP 4
is set to the device type (possible values: ata, scsi, 3ware,N, hpt,L/M/N).
Here N=0,...,23 denotes the ATA disk behind a 3ware RAID controller and
L/M/N denotes the SATA disk behind a HighPoint RocketRAID controller.
.IP \fBSMARTD_DEVICESTRING\fP 4
is set to the device description.  For SMARTD_DEVICETYPE of ata or
scsi, this is the same as SMARTD_DEVICE.  For 3ware RAID controllers,
the form used is \'/dev/sdc [3ware_disk_01]\'.  For HighPoint RocketRAID
controller, the form is \'/dev/sdd [hpt_1/1/1]\'.  In these cases the
device string contains a space and is NOT quoted.  So to use
$SMARTD_DEVICESTRING in a bash script you should probably enclose it
in double quotes.
.IP \fBSMARTD_FAILTYPE\fP 4
gives the reason for the warning or message email.  The possible values that
it takes and their meanings are:
.nf
.fi
\fIEmailTest\fP: this is an email test message.
.nf
.fi
\fIHealth\fP: the SMART health status indicates imminent failure.
.nf
.fi
\fIUsage\fP: a usage Attribute has failed.
.nf
.fi
\fISelfTest\fP: the number of self-test failures has increased.
.nf
.fi
\fIErrorCount\fP: the number of errors in the ATA error log has increased.
.nf
.fi
\fICurrentPendingSector\fP: one of more disk sectors could not be
read and are marked to be reallocated (replaced with spare sectors).
.nf
.fi
\fIOfflineUncorrectableSector\fP: during off\-line testing, or self\-testing,
one or more disk sectors could not be read.
.nf
.fi
\fIFailedHealthCheck\fP: the SMART health status command failed.
.nf
.fi
\fIFailedReadSmartData\fP: the command to read SMART Attribute data failed.
.nf
.fi
\fIFailedReadSmartErrorLog\fP: the command to read the SMART error log failed.
.nf
.fi
\fIFailedReadSmartSelfTestLog\fP: the command to read the SMART self-test log failed.
.nf
.fi
\fIFailedOpenDevice\fP: the open() command to the device failed.
.IP \fBSMARTD_ADDRESS\fP 4
is determined by the address argument ADD of the \'\-m\' Directive.
If ADD is \fB<nomailer>\fP, then \fBSMARTD_ADDRESS\fP is not set.
Otherwise, it is set to the comma-separated-list of email addresses
given by the argument ADD, with the commas replaced by spaces
(example:[e-mail] root).  If more than one email address is
given, then this string will contain space characters and is NOT
quoted, so to use it in a bash script you may want to enclose it in
double quotes.
.IP \fBSMARTD_MESSAGE\fP 4
is set to the one sentence summary warning email message string from
\fBsmartd\fP. 
This message string contains space characters and is NOT quoted. So to
use $SMARTD_MESSAGE in a bash script you should probably enclose it in
double quotes.
.IP \fBSMARTD_FULLMESSAGE\fP 4
is set to the contents of the entire email warning message string from
\fBsmartd\fP. 
This message string contains space and return characters and is NOT quoted. So to
use $SMARTD_FULLMESSAGE in a bash script you should probably enclose it in
double quotes.
.IP \fBSMARTD_TFIRST\fP 4
is a text string giving the time and date at which the first problem
of this type was reported. This text string contains space characters
and no newlines, and is NOT quoted. For example:
.nf
.fi
Sun Feb  9 14:58:19 2003 CST
.IP \fBSMARTD_TFIRSTEPOCH\fP 4
is an integer, which is the unix epoch (number of seconds since Jan 1,
1970) for \fBSMARTD_TFIRST\fP.
.RE
.\"  The following two lines are a workaround for a man2html bug.  Please leave them.
.\" They define a non-existent option; useful because man2html can't correctly reset the margins.
.TP
.B \&
The shell which is used to run PATH is system-dependent. For vanilla
Linux/glibc it\'s bash. For other systems, the man page for
\fBpopen\fP(3) should say what shell is used.

If the \'\-m ADD\' Directive is given with a normal address argument,
then the executable pointed to by PATH will be run in a shell with
STDIN receiving the body of the email message, and with the same
command-line arguments:
.nf
-s "$SMARTD_SUBJECT" $SMARTD_ADDRESS
.fi
that would normally be provided to \'mail\'.  Examples include:
.nf
.B -m user@home -M exec /bin/mail
.B -m admin@work -M exec /usr/local/bin/mailto
.B -m root -M exec /Example_1/bash/script/below
.fi

Note that on Windows, the syntax of the \'\fBBlat\fP\' mailer is
used:
.nf
- -q -subject "$SMARTD_SUBJECT" -to "$SMARTD_ADDRESS"
.fi

If the \'\-m ADD\' Directive is given with the special address argument
.B <nomailer>
then the executable pointed to by PATH is run in a shell with
.B no
STDIN and
.B no
command-line arguments, for example:
.nf
.B -m <nomailer> -M exec /Example_2/bash/script/below
.fi
If the executable produces any STDERR/STDOUT output, then \fBsmartd\fP
assumes that something is going wrong, and a snippet of that output
will be copied to SYSLOG.  The remainder of the output is then
discarded.

Some EXAMPLES of scripts that can be used with the \'\-M exec\'
Directive are given below. Some sample scripts are also included in
/usr/local/share/doc/smartmontools-5.1/examplescripts/.

.TP
.B \-f
Check for \'failure\' of any Usage Attributes.  If these Attributes are
less than or equal to the threshold, it does NOT indicate imminent
disk failure.  It "indicates an advisory condition where the usage or
age of the device has exceeded its intended design life period."
[Please see the \fBsmartctl \-A\fP command-line option.]
.TP
.B \-p
Report anytime that a Prefail Attribute has changed
its value since the last check, 30 minutes ago. [Please see the
.B smartctl \-A
command-line option.]
.TP
.B \-u
Report anytime that a Usage Attribute has changed its value
since the last check, 30 minutes ago. [Please see the
.B smartctl \-A
command-line option.]
.TP
.B \-t
Equivalent to turning on the two previous flags \'\-p\' and \'\-u\'.
Tracks changes in \fIall\fP device Attributes (both Prefailure and
Usage). [Please see the \fBsmartctl\fP \-A command-line option.]
.TP
.B \-i ID
Ignore device Attribute number \fBID\fP when checking for failure of
Usage Attributes.  \fBID\fP must be a decimal integer in the range
from 1 to 255.  This Directive modifies the behavior of the \'\-f\'
Directive and has no effect without it.

This is useful, for example, if you have a very old disk and don\'t
want to keep getting messages about the hours-on-lifetime Attribute
(usually Attribute 9) failing.  This Directive may appear multiple
times for a single device, if you want to ignore multiple Attributes.
.TP
.B \-I ID
Ignore device Attribute \fBID\fP when tracking changes in the
Attribute values.  \fBID\fP must be a decimal integer in the range
from 1 to 255.  This Directive modifies the behavior of the \'\-p\',
\'\-u\', and \'\-t\' tracking Directives and has no effect without one
of them.

This is useful, for example, if one of the device Attributes is the disk
temperature (usually Attribute 194 or 231). It\'s annoying to get reports
each time the temperature changes.  This Directive may appear multiple
times for a single device, if you want to ignore multiple Attributes.
.TP
.B \-r ID
When tracking, report the \fIRaw\fP value of Attribute \fBID\fP along
with its (normally reported) \fINormalized\fP value.  \fBID\fP must be
a decimal integer in the range from 1 to 255.  This Directive modifies
the behavior of the \'\-p\', \'\-u\', and \'\-t\' tracking Directives
and has no effect without one of them.  This Directive may be given
multiple times.

A common use of this Directive is to track the device Temperature
(often ID=194 or 231).

.TP
.B \-R ID
When tracking, report whenever the \fIRaw\fP value of Attribute
\fBID\fP changes.  (Normally \fBsmartd\fP only tracks/reports changes
of the \fINormalized\fP Attribute values.)  \fBID\fP must be a decimal
integer in the range from 1 to 255.  This Directive modifies the
behavior of the \'\-p\', \'\-u\', and \'\-t\' tracking Directives and
has no effect without one of them.  This Directive may be given
multiple times.

If this Directive is given, it automatically implies the \'\-r\'
Directive for the same Attribute, so that the Raw value of the
Attribute is reported.

A common use of this Directive is to track the device Temperature
(often ID=194 or 231).  It is also useful for understanding how
different types of system behavior affects the values of certain
Attributes.

.TP
.B \-C ID
[ATA only] Report if the current number of pending sectors is
non-zero.  Here \fBID\fP is the id number of the Attribute whose raw
value is the Current Pending Sector count.  The allowed range of
\fBID\fP is 0 to 255 inclusive.  To turn off this reporting, use
ID\ =\ 0.  If the \fB\-C ID\fP option is not given, then it defaults to
\fB\-C 197\fP (since Attribute 197 is generally used to monitor
pending sectors).

A pending sector is a disk sector (containing 512 bytes of your data)
which the device would like to mark as ``bad" and reallocate.
Typically this is because your computer tried to read that sector, and
the read failed because the data on it has been corrupted and has
inconsistent Error Checking and Correction (ECC) codes.  This is
important to know, because it means that there is some unreadable data
on the disk.  The problem of figuring out what file this data belongs
to is operating system and file system specific.  You can typically
force the sector to reallocate by writing to it (translation: make the
device substitute a spare good sector for the bad one) but at the
price of losing the 512 bytes of data stored there.

.TP
.B \-U ID
[ATA only] Report if the number of offline uncorrectable sectors is
non-zero.  Here \fBID\fP is the id number of the Attribute whose raw
value is the Offline Uncorrectable Sector count.  The allowed range of
\fBID\fP is 0 to 255 inclusive.  To turn off this reporting, use
ID\ =\ 0.  If the \fB\-U ID\fP option is not given, then it defaults to
\fB\-U 198\fP (since Attribute 198 is generally used to monitor
offline uncorrectable sectors).


An offline uncorrectable sector is a disk sector which was not
readable during an off\-line scan or a self\-test.  This is important
to know, because if you have data stored in this disk sector, and you
need to read it, the read will fail.  Please see the previous \'\-C\'
option for more details.

.TP
.B \-W DIFF[,INFO[,CRIT]]
Report if the current temperature had changed by at least \fBDIFF\fP
degrees since last report. Report or Warn if the temperature is greater
or equal than one of \fBINFO\fP or \fBCRIT\fP degrees Celsius. If the
limit \fBCRIT\fP is reached, a message with loglevel
\fB\'LOG_CRITICAL\'\fP will be logged to syslog and a warning email
will be send if '-m' is specified. If only the limit \fBINFO\fP is
reached, a message with loglevel \fB\'LOG_INFO\'\fP will be logged.

To disable any of the 3 reports, set the corresponding limit to 0.
Trailing zero arguments may be omitted. By default, all temperature
reports are disabled (\'-W 0\').

To track temperature changes of at least 2 degrees, use:
.nf
\fB \-W 2
.fi
To log informal messages on temperatures of at least 40 degrees, use:
.nf
\fB \-W 0,40
.fi
For warning messages/mails on temperatures of at least 45 degrees, use:
.nf
\fB \-W 0,0,45
.fi
To combine all of the above reports, use:
.nf
\fB \-W 2,40,45
.fi

For ATA devices, smartd interprets Attribute 194 as Temperature Celsius
by default. This can be changed to Attribute 9 or 220 by the drive
database or by the \'-v\' directive, see below.

.TP
.B \-F TYPE
[ATA only] Modifies the behavior of \fBsmartd\fP to compensate for
some known and understood device firmware bug.  The arguments to this
Directive are exclusive, so that only the final Directive given is
used.  The valid values are: