user.dbk

Bochs这个虚拟机的源代码。学习虚拟机的编写和操作系统的编写有帮助。

<row><entry>bxcommit.exe </entry> <entry> tool for committing redologs to flat disk images </entry> </row>
<row><entry>bximage.exe </entry> <entry> tool for making new disk images </entry> </row>
<row><entry>CHANGES.txt </entry> <entry> what has changed between versions </entry> </row>
<row><entry>COPYING.txt </entry> <entry> copy of the LGPL license </entry> </row>
<row><entry>README.txt </entry> <entry> the read-me file from the source distribution. </entry> </row>
<row><entry>niclist.exe </entry> <entry> tool to find out the network interface name </entry> </row>
<row><entry>penguin.ico </entry> <entry> the Linux logo (used for the DLX link in start menu) </entry> </row>
<row><entry>sb16ctrl.exe </entry> <entry> tool to control sb16 in Bochs </entry> </row>
<row><entry>sb16ctrl.txt </entry> <entry> examples of sb16ctrl commands </entry> </row>
<row><entry>VGABIOS-elpin-* </entry> <entry> VGA BIOS image for Bochs </entry> </row>
<row><entry>VGABIOS-elpin-LICENSE </entry> <entry> license for VGA BIOS </entry> </row>
<row><entry>VGABIOS-lgpl-latest </entry> <entry> LGPL'd VGA BIOS image for Bochs </entry> </row>
<row><entry>VGABIOS-lgpl-latest-debug </entry> <entry> LGPL'd VGA BIOS image for Bochs with debug output to the logfile </entry> </row>
<row><entry>VGABIOS-lgpl-README </entry> <entry> readme for the LGPL'd VGA BIOS </entry> </row>
<row><entry>uninstall.exe </entry> <entry> uninstall program for Bochs (created by the installation wizard) </entry> </row>
<row><entry>dlxlinux\ </entry> <entry> directory containing DLX linux sample disk image and configuration files</entry> </row>
<row><entry>dlxlinux\readme.txt </entry> <entry> description of DLX linux</entry> </row>
<row><entry>dlxlinux\bochsrc.txt </entry> <entry> Bochs configuration file for DLX</entry> </row>
<row><entry>dlxlinux/hd10meg.img </entry> <entry> disk image file (10 meg) </entry> </row>
<row><entry>dlxlinux\start.bat </entry> <entry> Run this BAT file to try out DLX Linux inside Bochs! </entry> </row>
<row><entry>dlxlinux\testform.txt </entry> <entry> Form for reporting success or failure </entry> </row>
<row><entry>doc\index.html </entry> <entry> a local copy of all Bochs documentation ( <ulink url="http://bochs.sourceforge.net/doc/docbook/index.html">Online copy</ulink> )</entry> </row>
<row><entry>keymaps\*.map </entry> <entry>keymap tables (on Windows used for the paste feature only) </entry> </row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>

</section> <!-- end of Installing a Binary:Windows -->

<section id="linuxrpm">
<title>Linux RPM</title>
<para>
RPM stands for "RedHat Package Manager."  An RPM is a compressed file
containing files to be installed on your system.  Many Linux distributions,
not just RedHat ones, can install files from an RPM.  First, download the
Bochs RPM for your architecture to your computer.  For example, if you have an
Intel-compatible computer, be sure to get the RPM that says "for Linux x86
distributions" or "i386".  Once you have the package on your local disk, you
should become the root user and install it as follows<footnote>
<para>
Many distributions have their own RPM installer program, often graphical, and
they should work ok.  It is helpful to be able to see the text output from
RPM, so if you use a fancy RPM installer, be sure to find the text output and
check that it looks correct.
</para>
</footnote>:

<figure><title>Installing an RPM in Linux</title>
<screen>
  user$ <command>su</command>
  Password: 
  root# <command>ls -l bochs-1.2.1.i386.rpm</command>
  -rw-rw-r--    1 user     user      1877515 Sep 14 09:02 bochs-1.2.1.i386.rpm
  root# <command>rpm -i bochs-1.2.1.i386.rpm</command>
  Looking for fonts to install... /usr/local/bochs/latest/
  Looking for X11 Font Path... /usr/lib/X11/fonts
  Installing vga.pcf... ok    (it was already there)
  Running mkfontdir...
  Done installing Bochs fonts for X11.
  root# exit
  user$ _
</screen>
</figure>
</para>

<para>
All RPM installations are done as the root user because they require
permission to update system files and directories.  If you do not have root
access you need to compile Bochs in your home directory.
</para>

<para>
RPM installation can fail for a few reasons.  It will fail if you already
have a Bochs package installed.  In this case, try upgrading the old package
to the new package with <command>rpm --upgrade NAME.i386.rpm</command>.
Another potential problem is missing RPM dependencies.  If you are getting
errors about missing files or RPMs, then first you should try to 
install the RPMs that provide the missing pieces.  If that cannot be done,
download the source RPM and build a new binary RPM that is appropriate
for your platform.  The command is <command>rpmbuild --rebuild
NAME.src.rpm</command>.  As a last resort, you can run rpm with the
<command>--nodeps</command> option to ignore dependencies and install it
anyway, but if it is missing important pieces it may not run properly.
</para>

<para>
The Bochs RPM installs four new commands and associated manual pages: bochs,
bochs-dlx, bximage and bxcommit.  First, let's try out the DLX Linux demo by typing
<command>bochs-dlx</command>.  

<screen>
  user$ bochs-dlx
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
	      DLX Linux Demo, for Bochs x86 Emulator
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  Checking for bochs binary...ok
  Checking for DLX linux directory...ok
  Checking for /bin/gzip...ok
  Checking for /usr/users/bryce/.bochsdlx directory...
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  To run the DLX Linux demo, I need to create a directory called
  /usr/users/bryce/.bochsdlx, and copy some configuration files
  and a 10 megabyte disk image into the directory.
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  Is that okay? [y/n]
  y
  Copying /usr/share/bochs/dlxlinux/bochsrc.txt -> /usr/users/bryce/.bochsdlx/.
  Copying /usr/share/bochs/dlxlinux/README -> /usr/users/bryce/.bochsdlx/.
  Copying /usr/share/bochs/dlxlinux/testform.txt -> /usr/users/bryce/.bochsdlx/.
  Uncompressing /usr/share/bochs/dlxlinux/hd10meg.img.gz -> /usr/users/bryce/.bochsdlx/hd10meg.img
  Entering /usr/users/bryce/.bochsdlx
  Running bochs
  ========================================================================
			Bochs x86 Emulator 2.0.pre3
		Build from CVS snapshot on December 4, 2002
  ========================================================================
</screen>

Then you get a new X11 window containing the VGA display of the simulated
machine.  First you see the VGA BIOS screen, then Linux uncompresses and
boots, and you get a login prompt.  Type "root" and ENTER to log in to
DLX linux.
<figure>
<title>Screenshot of Bochs running DLX Linux</title>
<graphic format="GIF" fileref="../images/dlxlinux-in-linux.gif">
</figure>
</para>

<para>
Booting is complete when you see "dlx login:" and a cursor.  At this login
prompt, type "root".  On UNIX systems, root is the system admin user.
There is no password for root on this sample disk image, so it lets you log 
in without typing any password.  Now you should see a UNIX prompt, and you 
can begin to type UNIX commands.
</para>

<screen>
  Welcome to DLX V1.0 (C) 1995-96 Erich Boehm
                      (C) 1995    Hannes Boehm

  dlx login: <command>root</command>
  Linux 1.3.89.
  dlx:~# <command>pwd</command>
  /root
  dlx:~# <command>cd /</command>
  dlx:~# <command>ls</command>
  bin/       etc/       lost+found/       root/       usr/
  boot/      fd/        mnt/              sbin/       var/
  dev/       lib/       proc/             tmp/        zip/
  dlx:/# <command>df</command>
  Filesystem    1024-blocks   Used  Available Capacity Mounted on
  /dev/hda1        10060      2736      6005     29%   /
  dlx:/# _
</screen>

<para>
When you get tired of playing with DLX Linux, just type "reboot" in the Bochs
window to shut down the DLX Linux operating system, and when it starts
to reboot again press the "Power" button at the top of the Bochs display
to end the application.
</para>


<para>
Here is a list of the files that are installed by the RPM, and a brief
description of each one.
</para>

<table><title>Files in RPM package</title>
<tgroup cols="2" align="left" colsep="1" rowsep="1">
<thead> <row> <entry>File</entry> <entry>Description</entry> </row>
</thead>
<tbody>

<row><entry>/usr/share/doc/bochs/README</entry> <entry> the read-me file from the source distribution. </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/doc/bochs/CHANGES</entry> <entry> what has changed between versions </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/doc/bochs/COPYING</entry> <entry> copy of the LGPL license </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/bin/bochs </entry> <entry> the main Bochs executable </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/bin/bximage </entry> <entry> tool for making new disk images </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/bin/bxcommit </entry> <entry> tool for committing redologs to flat disk images </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/lib/bochs/plugins/* </entry> <entry> device and gui plugins for Bochs (plugin version only) </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/doc/bochs/bochsrc-sample.txt</entry> <entry> sample Bochs configuration file </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/man/man1/* </entry> <entry> man pages for bochs, bochs-dlx, bximage and bxcommit</entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/man/man5/* </entry> <entry> man page for bochsrc </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/doc/bochs/index.html</entry> <entry> a local copy of all Bochs documentation ( <ulink url="http://bochs.sourceforge.net/doc/docbook/index.html">Online copy</ulink> )</entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/bochs/BIOS-bochs-* </entry> <entry> ROM BIOS images for Bochs.  Normally you would only use BIOS-bochs-latest unless you are simulating multiple processors.  </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/bochs/VGABIOS-elpin-* </entry> <entry> VGA BIOS image for Bochs </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/bochs/VGABIOS-elpin-LICENSE </entry> <entry> license for VGA BIOS </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/bochs/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest </entry> <entry> LGPL'd VGA BIOS image for Bochs </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/bochs/VGABIOS-lgpl-latest-debug </entry> <entry> LGPL'd VGA BIOS image for Bochs with debug output to the logfile </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/bochs/VGABIOS-lgpl-README </entry> <entry> readme for the LGPL'd VGA BIOS </entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/bin/bochs-dlx </entry> <entry> run this script to try out DLX Linux inside Bochs!</entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/bochs/dlxlinux/ </entry> <entry> directory containing DLX linux sample disk image and configuration files</entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/bochs/dlxlinux/readme.txt</entry> <entry> description of DLX linux</entry> </row>
<row><entry>/usr/share/bochs/keymaps/*.map </entry> <entry>keymap tables for X11 and SDL </entry> </row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>


</section> <!-- end of Installing a Binary:Linux section -->

<section id="macosxdmg">
<title>MacOS X DMG</title>
<para>
This was contributed by Aard Vark in January 2003
</para>
<para>
The MacOS X binary distribution is a mountable disk
image (.dmg file). Once you've downloaded the binary 
distribution file, just double click
on it to automatically unpack the archive and mount
the volume on the desktop.  An icon will appear 
exactly as if you'd inserted a CD-ROM
or removable storage device, and a finder window
containing the volume should automatically open.  
It is likely to have an odd name
such as _dmg_top, but don't worry about that.
</para>
<para>
Copy the Bochs-2.0 (or whatever version) folder from
the disk image onto your hard disk.  Either Home or 
Applications would be sensible places to put it.  
Because the disk image is mounted read only, you
can't run the included dlxlinux guest OS until
you've copied it to the hard disk.  
</para>
<para>
Once you've installed the binaries, it's probably a
good idea to drag the _dmg_top volume to trash to
unmount it, so you don't get confused and try to 
run bochs from there.  Then open
the bochs folder from wherever you installed it.
</para>
<para>
The MacOS X version of bochs requires a terminal
window to run. If you just double click on the Bochs 
icon, you'll get an error message telling you to 
double click on "bochs.scpt" to start
Bochs in a new terminal window.  You'll need to
configure Bochs before you will get very far with 
the bochs.scpt in the top folder,
so to try out bochs open the dlxlinux folder and
double click on the bochs.scpt icon inside.
</para>
<para>
This will open a new terminal window which will
contain the Bochs startup messages, and a 
configuration menu.  The default option is
[5], which starts the simulation, so press enter to
do so.  You will then get a new window containing 
the VGA display of the simulated
machine.  The new window will probably appear behind
the current terminal window, so either click on the
bochs icon in the dock or the simulation window to 
bring it to the front.  If you're quick
enough you'll then see the VGA BIOS screen, then
Linux  uncompresses and boots, and you get a login 
prompt.  Type "root" and ENTER to log in to DLX Linux.
</para>
<para>
Once you've finished playing with DLX Linux, just
type "reboot" in the Bochs window to shut down the 
DLX Linux operating system, and 
when it starts to reboot again press the "Power"
button in the "MacBochs Hardware Controls" window 
(it's the circle containing a vertical bar at the 
far right - have a look at the Linux screenshots,
since the Mac version doesn't seem to have
descriptions or tool-tips).
</para>

</section> <!-- end of Installing a Binary:MacOS X section -->

</section> <!-- end of Installing a Binary -->

<section id="compiling"><title>Compiling Bochs</title>

  <section><title>Standard Compile</title>
<para>
Bochs is written in C++, so you need a C++ compiler on your system.  Most
platforms have been tested with GNU gcc/g++, but other compilers are known
to work too.  By now, you should have unpacked your source TAR file or checked
out Bochs from CVS.  If not, you can return to <link
linkend="downloading">Downloading Bochs</link> for details.  The top level
directory of the source code will be referred to as &bochsdir;.  (&bochsdir;
contains the files <filename>bochs.h</filename> and
<filename>main.cc</filename> and subdirectories <filename>cpu</filename> and
<filename>bios</filename>.) 
</para>

<para>
The standard compile process has three basic steps:
<command>configure</command>, <command>make</command>, and <command>make
install</command>.  Each step is described in a separate section below.  The
standard compile process is used on all Unix machines, MacOS X, BeOS, and 
Cygwin (win32).  There are separate instructions for <link
linkend="compiling-win32">compiling for Win32 with Microsoft VC++</link>.
</para>

<section id="configure"><title>Configure</title>

<para>
There is a script called <command>configure</command> which tests your
machine, C/C++ compiler and libraries to discover what settings should work on
your system.  If you run <command>configure</command> with no arguments after
it, defaults will be used for all settings.  To change the settings, you can
run <command>configure</command> with options that override the 
defaults.  You can get a list of valid configure options by typing
<command>configure --help</command>.  One useful configure option is