nifti1.h

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#define NIFTI_TYPE_FLOAT128     1536
                                       /*! 128 bit complex = 2 64 bit floats. */
#define NIFTI_TYPE_COMPLEX128   1792
                                       /*! 256 bit complex = 2 128 bit floats */
#define NIFTI_TYPE_COMPLEX256   2048
                                       /*! 4 8 bit bytes. */
#define NIFTI_TYPE_RGBA32       2304
/* @} */

                     /*-------- sample typedefs for complicated types ---*/
#if 0
typedef struct { float       r,i;     } complex_float ;
typedef struct { double      r,i;     } complex_double ;
typedef struct { long double r,i;     } complex_longdouble ;
typedef struct { unsigned char r,g,b; } rgb_byte ;
#endif

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* INTERPRETATION OF VOXEL DATA:
   ----------------------------
   The intent_code field can be used to indicate that the voxel data has
   some particular meaning.  In particular, a large number of codes is
   given to indicate that the the voxel data should be interpreted as
   being drawn from a given probability distribution.

   VECTOR-VALUED DATASETS:
   ----------------------
   The 5th dimension of the dataset, if present (i.e., dim[0]=5 and
   dim[5] > 1), contains multiple values (e.g., a vector) to be stored
   at each spatiotemporal location.  For example, the header values
    - dim[0] = 5
    - dim[1] = 64
    - dim[2] = 64
    - dim[3] = 20
    - dim[4] = 1     (indicates no time axis)
    - dim[5] = 3
    - datatype = DT_FLOAT
    - intent_code = NIFTI_INTENT_VECTOR
   mean that this dataset should be interpreted as a 3D volume (64x64x20),
   with a 3-vector of floats defined at each point in the 3D grid.

   A program reading a dataset with a 5th dimension may want to reformat
   the image data to store each voxels' set of values together in a struct
   or array.  This programming detail, however, is beyond the scope of the
   NIFTI-1 file specification!  Uses of dimensions 6 and 7 are also not
   specified here.

   STATISTICAL PARAMETRIC DATASETS (i.e., SPMs):
   --------------------------------------------
   Values of intent_code from NIFTI_FIRST_STATCODE to NIFTI_LAST_STATCODE
   (inclusive) indicate that the numbers in the dataset should be interpreted
   as being drawn from a given distribution.  Most such distributions have
   auxiliary parameters (e.g., NIFTI_INTENT_TTEST has 1 DOF parameter).

   If the dataset DOES NOT have a 5th dimension, then the auxiliary parameters
   are the same for each voxel, and are given in header fields intent_p1,
   intent_p2, and intent_p3.

   If the dataset DOES have a 5th dimension, then the auxiliary parameters
   are different for each voxel.  For example, the header values
    - dim[0] = 5
    - dim[1] = 128
    - dim[2] = 128
    - dim[3] = 1      (indicates a single slice)
    - dim[4] = 1      (indicates no time axis)
    - dim[5] = 2
    - datatype = DT_FLOAT
    - intent_code = NIFTI_INTENT_TTEST
   mean that this is a 2D dataset (128x128) of t-statistics, with the
   t-statistic being in the first "plane" of data and the degrees-of-freedom
   parameter being in the second "plane" of data.

   If the dataset 5th dimension is used to store the voxel-wise statistical
   parameters, then dim[5] must be 1 plus the number of parameters required
   by that distribution (e.g., intent_code=NIFTI_INTENT_TTEST implies dim[5]
   must be 2, as in the example just above).

   Note: intent_code values 2..10 are compatible with AFNI 1.5x (which is
   why there is no code with value=1, which is obsolescent in AFNI).

   OTHER INTENTIONS:
   ----------------
   The purpose of the intent_* fields is to help interpret the values
   stored in the dataset.  Some non-statistical values for intent_code
   and conventions are provided for storing other complex data types.

   The intent_name field provides space for a 15 character (plus 0 byte)
   'name' string for the type of data stored. Examples:
    - intent_code = NIFTI_INTENT_ESTIMATE; intent_name = "T1";
       could be used to signify that the voxel values are estimates of the
       NMR parameter T1.
    - intent_code = NIFTI_INTENT_TTEST; intent_name = "House";
       could be used to signify that the voxel values are t-statistics
       for the significance of 'activation' response to a House stimulus.
    - intent_code = NIFTI_INTENT_DISPVECT; intent_name = "ToMNI152";
       could be used to signify that the voxel values are a displacement
       vector that transforms each voxel (x,y,z) location to the
       corresponding location in the MNI152 standard brain.
    - intent_code = NIFTI_INTENT_SYMMATRIX; intent_name = "DTI";
       could be used to signify that the voxel values comprise a diffusion
       tensor image.

   If no data name is implied or needed, intent_name[0] should be set to 0.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

 /*! default: no intention is indicated in the header. */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_NONE        0

    /*-------- These codes are for probability distributions ---------------*/
    /* Most distributions have a number of parameters,
       below denoted by p1, p2, and p3, and stored in
        - intent_p1, intent_p2, intent_p3 if dataset doesn't have 5th dimension
        - image data array                if dataset does have 5th dimension

       Functions to compute with many of the distributions below can be found
       in the CDF library from U Texas.

       Formulas for and discussions of these distributions can be found in the
       following books:

        [U] Univariate Discrete Distributions,
            NL Johnson, S Kotz, AW Kemp.

        [C1] Continuous Univariate Distributions, vol. 1,
             NL Johnson, S Kotz, N Balakrishnan.

        [C2] Continuous Univariate Distributions, vol. 2,
             NL Johnson, S Kotz, N Balakrishnan.                            */
    /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /*! [C2, chap 32] Correlation coefficient R (1 param):
       p1 = degrees of freedom
       R/sqrt(1-R*R) is t-distributed with p1 DOF. */

/*! \defgroup NIFTI1_INTENT_CODES
    \brief nifti1 intent codes, to describe intended meaning of dataset contents
    @{
 */
#define NIFTI_INTENT_CORREL      2

  /*! [C2, chap 28] Student t statistic (1 param): p1 = DOF. */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_TTEST       3

  /*! [C2, chap 27] Fisher F statistic (2 params):
       p1 = numerator DOF, p2 = denominator DOF. */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_FTEST       4

  /*! [C1, chap 13] Standard normal (0 params): Density = N(0,1). */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_ZSCORE      5

  /*! [C1, chap 18] Chi-squared (1 param): p1 = DOF.
      Density(x) proportional to exp(-x/2) * x^(p1/2-1). */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_CHISQ       6

  /*! [C2, chap 25] Beta distribution (2 params): p1=a, p2=b.
      Density(x) proportional to x^(a-1) * (1-x)^(b-1). */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_BETA        7

  /*! [U, chap 3] Binomial distribution (2 params):
       p1 = number of trials, p2 = probability per trial.
      Prob(x) = (p1 choose x) * p2^x * (1-p2)^(p1-x), for x=0,1,...,p1. */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_BINOM       8

  /*! [C1, chap 17] Gamma distribution (2 params):
       p1 = shape, p2 = scale.
      Density(x) proportional to x^(p1-1) * exp(-p2*x). */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_GAMMA       9

  /*! [U, chap 4] Poisson distribution (1 param): p1 = mean.
      Prob(x) = exp(-p1) * p1^x / x! , for x=0,1,2,.... */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_POISSON    10

  /*! [C1, chap 13] Normal distribution (2 params):
       p1 = mean, p2 = standard deviation. */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_NORMAL     11

  /*! [C2, chap 30] Noncentral F statistic (3 params):
       p1 = numerator DOF, p2 = denominator DOF,
       p3 = numerator noncentrality parameter.  */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_FTEST_NONC 12

  /*! [C2, chap 29] Noncentral chi-squared statistic (2 params):
       p1 = DOF, p2 = noncentrality parameter.     */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_CHISQ_NONC 13

  /*! [C2, chap 23] Logistic distribution (2 params):
       p1 = location, p2 = scale.
      Density(x) proportional to sech^2((x-p1)/(2*p2)). */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_LOGISTIC   14

  /*! [C2, chap 24] Laplace distribution (2 params):
       p1 = location, p2 = scale.
      Density(x) proportional to exp(-abs(x-p1)/p2). */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_LAPLACE    15

  /*! [C2, chap 26] Uniform distribution: p1 = lower end, p2 = upper end. */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_UNIFORM    16

  /*! [C2, chap 31] Noncentral t statistic (2 params):
       p1 = DOF, p2 = noncentrality parameter. */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_TTEST_NONC 17

  /*! [C1, chap 21] Weibull distribution (3 params):
       p1 = location, p2 = scale, p3 = power.
      Density(x) proportional to
       ((x-p1)/p2)^(p3-1) * exp(-((x-p1)/p2)^p3) for x > p1. */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_WEIBULL    18

  /*! [C1, chap 18] Chi distribution (1 param): p1 = DOF.
      Density(x) proportional to x^(p1-1) * exp(-x^2/2) for x > 0.
       p1 = 1 = 'half normal' distribution
       p1 = 2 = Rayleigh distribution
       p1 = 3 = Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.                  */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_CHI        19

  /*! [C1, chap 15] Inverse Gaussian (2 params):
       p1 = mu, p2 = lambda
      Density(x) proportional to
       exp(-p2*(x-p1)^2/(2*p1^2*x)) / x^3  for x > 0. */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_INVGAUSS   20

  /*! [C2, chap 22] Extreme value type I (2 params):
       p1 = location, p2 = scale
      cdf(x) = exp(-exp(-(x-p1)/p2)). */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_EXTVAL     21

  /*! Data is a 'p-value' (no params). */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_PVAL       22

  /*! Data is ln(p-value) (no params).
      To be safe, a program should compute p = exp(-abs(this_value)).
      The nifti_stats.c library returns this_value
      as positive, so that this_value = -log(p). */


#define NIFTI_INTENT_LOGPVAL    23

  /*! Data is log10(p-value) (no params).
      To be safe, a program should compute p = pow(10.,-abs(this_value)).
      The nifti_stats.c library returns this_value
      as positive, so that this_value = -log10(p). */

#define NIFTI_INTENT_LOG10PVAL  24

  /*! Smallest intent_code that indicates a statistic. */

#define NIFTI_FIRST_STATCODE     2

  /*! Largest intent_code that indicates a statistic. */

#define NIFTI_LAST_STATCODE     24

 /*---------- these values for intent_code aren't for statistics ----------*/