interrupb.txt

BIOS中断大全！ 英文文档

	  video memory directly; check 386 memory manager for VDS support.
	  The WD7000XTAT works with programmed IO and does not have this
	  limitation.
SeeAlso: INT 21/AX=4402h"ASPI",INT 2F/AX=7F01h

Bitfields for SDLP SCSI addressing:
Bit(s)	Description	(Table 00230)
 2-0	SCSI Target LUN (logical unit number)
 5-3	SCSI Target ID
 7	write flag, set for write operations, clear otherwise
--------T-11FFFECXFFFE-----------------------
INT 11 - BACK&FORTH (before v1.62) API
	AX = FFFEh
	CX = FFFEh
	BX = function
	    00h installation check
		Return: AX = installation state
			    0001h BNFHIGH and BNFLOW both loaded
			    0003h only BNFHIGH loaded
			    else neither loaded
	    01h ???
		Return: DX:AX -> ???
	    02h ???
	    03h ???
	    04h ???
	    05h ??? switches current PSP segment and stack if BNFLOW has not
		    yet announced itself installed
	    06h ???
		Return: AX = ???
SeeAlso: INT 12/AX=FFFEh
Index:	installation check;BACK&FORTH
--------B-12---------------------------------
INT 12 - BIOS - GET MEMORY SIZE
Return: AX = kilobytes of contiguous memory starting at absolute address 00000h
Note:	this call returns the contents of the word at 0040h:0013h; in PC and
	  XT, this value is set from the switches on the motherboard
SeeAlso: INT 11"BIOS",INT 2F/AX=4A06h,INT 4C"Tandy 2000",MEM 0040h:0013h
--------C-12---------------------------------
INT 12 - CPU-generated (Pentium +) - MACHINE CHECK EXCEPTION
Notes:	Intel documents this interrupt as CPU model-dependent
	for current Pentium processors, the reason for the machine check
	  exception may be read from model-specific registers 00h and 01h
	  (described, for example, in Christian Ludloff's 4P package)
	for Pentium Pro/II processors,	the reason may be read from the
	  MCG_STATUS MSR (see MSR 0000017Ah)
	this exception is enabled by bit 6 of CR4
SeeAlso: INT 11"CPU",MSR 00000000h,MSR 00000001h,MSR 0000017Ah
--------K-12----CX1806-----------------------
INT 12 - KEYBUI v2.0+ - INSTALLATION CHECK
	CX = 1806h
Return: AX = kilobytes of contiguous memory starting at absolute address 00000h
	CX = 1960h if installed
Program: KEYBUI is a resident keyboard driver by Johan Zwiekhorst which allows
	  accented characters and box drawing on standard QWERTY keyboards; it
	  also provides break-to-DOS and screen blanking capabilities
SeeAlso: INT 14/AX=AA01h
Index:	screen saver;KEYBUI
--------d-12----CX1807-----------------------
INT 12 - PARKER v2.0+ - INSTALLATION CHECK
	CX = 1807h
Return: AX = kilobytes of contiguous memory starting at absolute address 00000h
	CX = 1961h if installed
Program: PARKER is an optionally-resident hard disk parking program by Johan
	  Zwiekhorst
--------G-1205D7BX05D7-----------------------
INT 12 U - Borland C++ IDE - INSTALLATION CHECK
	AX = 05D7h (1495d)
	BX = 05D7h
Note:	the BC++ IDE will call INT 11/AX=05D7h/BX=0088h if it is loaded
SeeAlso: INT 11/AX=05D7h
--------v-124350BX4920-----------------------
INT 12 C - CPI-standard virus - "FRIEND" CHECK
	AX = 4350h
	BX = 4920h
	CX = AB46h
	DX = 554Eh
Return: if friendly (not to be infected)
	    CX:DX -> ASCIZ identity code (changes yearly)
SeeAlso: INT 13/AX=EC00h"VIRUS",INT 13/AX=5001h,INT 21/AX=0B56h
--------T-12FFFECXFFFE-----------------------
INT 12 - Back&Forth v1.62+ - API
	AX = FFFEh
	CX = FFFEh
	BX = function
	    00h installation check
		Return: AX = 0001h installed
			     else  not loaded
	    01h (reserved)
	    02h build program ID list (shareware Back&Forth)
		ES:DI -> buffer of at least 100 bytes, to be filled with words
		Return: AX = number of programs defined
			ES:DI buffer filled with AX words
	    02h get memory statistics (Back&Forth Professional)
		Return: AX = available swap memory, KBytes
			BX = maximum task size, KBytes
			DX = fixed overhead per task, excluding video/macro
			      storage
	    03h switch to specified task (task need not be open yet)
		DX = two-letter program ID
		Return: AX = status
			    0000h if task undefined
			    0001h task switch will occur when safe
	    04h (reserved)
	    05h (reserved)
	    06h get version (documented only for Back&Forth Professional)
		Return: AX = version * 100 (v1.71 = 00ABh)
	    07h spawn program (Back&Forth Professional only???)
		ES:DI -> BF_SPAWN record (see #00232)
		Return: AX = status
			    0000h if no task handles free
			    0001h spawn will occur when safe
	    08h get open tasks (documented only for Back&Forth Professional)
		ES:DI -> task info buffer (see #00231,#00233)
		Return: AX = number of open tasks (max 20)
		Note:	the supplied buffer must be large enough to hold 21
			  task entries
	    09h (reserved)
	    ---Back&Forth Professional---
	    0Ah get active clipboard filename
		Return: DX:AX -> ASCIZ clipboard filename
	    0Bh get active task number
		AX = active task number (00h-13h)
		BX = number of tasks allocated
		DX = maximum number of tasks
	    0Ch (reserved)
	    0Dh (reserved)
	    0Eh (reserved)
	    0Fh stuff string into keyboard buffer
		ES:DI -> ASCIZ string to be stuffed
		Return: nothing
	    10h check if in graphics mode
		Return: AX = state
			    0000h color text mode
			    0004h mono text mode
			    FFFFh graphics mode
	    11h get Back&Forth Professional user number
		Return: AX = user number (0000h-00FFh)
	    12h switch task by task number
		DX = task number
		Return: AX = status
			    0000h attempted to switch to active task
			    0001h task switch will occur when safe
			    FFFFh invalid task number
	    13h delete (kill) task
		DX = task number
		Return: AX = status
			    0000h attempted to delete the active task
			    0001h successfully deleted
			    FFFFh invalid task number
		Note:	the active task number will change if the deleted task
			  was lower in the task list than the active task
	    14h get next available task handle
		Return:	AX = next available task handle
			    FFFFh if task table is full
Program: Back & Forth is a task switcher by Progressive Solutions, Inc.
SeeAlso: INT 11/AX=FFFEh
Index:	installation check;BACK&FORTH

Format of Back&Forth task info buffer:
Offset	Size	Description	(Table 00231)
 00h 21 BYTEs	ASCIZ task name
 15h	BYTE	hotkey shift state (as for INT 16/AH=02h)
 16h	WORD	hotkey scan code (see also #00006)
 18h	WORD	program ID
Index:	hotkeys;Back&Forth
SeeAlso: #00232,#00233

Format of Back&Forth Professional BF_SPAWN record:
Offset	Size	Description	(Table 00232)
 00h 21 BYTEs	task description
 15h	BYTE	flag: disable hotkeys
 16h	WORD	environment size in bytes
 18h	BYTE	hotkey shift flags
 19h	WORD	hotkey scancode
 1Bh	WORD	maximum number of EMS pages
 1Dh	WORD	required memory in KBytes
 1Fh  3 BYTEs	DESQview-style two-letter program ID
 22h 13 BYTEs	base name of program to be run (no path or extension)
 2Fh 66 BYTEs	directory from which to start program
 71h 66 BYTEs	initial current directory for program
SeeAlso: #00231,#00233

Format of Back&Forth Professional BF_TASK record:
Offset	Size	Description	(Table 00233)
 00h	DWORD	Unix-style task start time (seconds since 1970/1/1)
 04h 21 BYTEs	task description
 19h	DWORD	elapsed time in task (seconds)
 1Dh	WORD	task ID
 1Fh	BYTE	task hotkey keyboard flags
 20h	WORD	task hotkey scan code (see also #00006)
 22h	DWORD	time task was suspended/exited
 26h	WORD	task handle
SeeAlso: #00231,#00232
--------B-1300-------------------------------
INT 13 - DISK - RESET DISK SYSTEM
	AH = 00h
	DL = drive (if bit 7 is set both hard disks and floppy disks reset)
Return: AH = status (see #00234)
	CF clear if successful (returned AH=00h)
	CF set on error
Note:	forces controller to recalibrate drive heads (seek to track 0)
	for PS/2 35SX, 35LS, 40SX and L40SX, as well as many other systems,
	  both the master drive and the slave drive respond to the Reset
	  function that is issued to either drive
SeeAlso: AH=0Dh,AH=11h,INT 21/AH=0Dh,INT 4D/AH=00h"TI Professional"
SeeAlso: INT 56"Tandy 2000",MEM 0040h:003Eh
--------B-1301-------------------------------
INT 13 - DISK - GET STATUS OF LAST OPERATION
	AH = 01h
	DL = drive (bit 7 set for hard disk)
Return: CF clear if successful (returned status 00h)
	CF set on error
	AH = status of previous operation (see #00234)
Note:	some BIOSes return the status in AL; the PS/2 Model 30/286 returns the
	  status in both AH and AL
SeeAlso: AH=00h,INT 4D/AH=01h,MEM 0040h:0041h,MEM 0040h:0074h

(Table 00234)
Values for disk operation status:
 00h	successful completion
 01h	invalid function in AH or invalid parameter
 02h	address mark not found
 03h	disk write-protected
 04h	sector not found/read error
 05h	reset failed (hard disk)
 05h	data did not verify correctly (TI Professional PC)
 06h	disk changed (floppy)
 07h	drive parameter activity failed (hard disk)
 08h	DMA overrun
 09h	data boundary error (attempted DMA across 64K boundary or >80h sectors)
 0Ah	bad sector detected (hard disk)
 0Bh	bad track detected (hard disk)
 0Ch	unsupported track or invalid media
 0Dh	invalid number of sectors on format (PS/2 hard disk)
 0Eh	control data address mark detected (hard disk)
 0Fh	DMA arbitration level out of range (hard disk)
 10h	uncorrectable CRC or ECC error on read
 11h	data ECC corrected (hard disk)
 20h	controller failure
 31h	no media in drive (IBM/MS INT 13 extensions)
 32h	incorrect drive type stored in CMOS (Compaq)
 40h	seek failed
 80h	timeout (not ready)
 AAh	drive not ready (hard disk)
 B0h	volume not locked in drive (INT 13 extensions)
 B1h	volume locked in drive (INT 13 extensions)
 B2h	volume not removable (INT 13 extensions)
 B3h	volume in use (INT 13 extensions)
 B4h	lock count exceeded (INT 13 extensions)
 B5h	valid eject request failed (INT 13 extensions)
 B6h	volume present but read protected (INT 13 extensions)
 BBh	undefined error (hard disk)
 CCh	write fault (hard disk)
 E0h	status register error (hard disk)
 FFh	sense operation failed (hard disk)
SeeAlso: #M0022
--------B-1302-------------------------------
INT 13 - DISK - READ SECTOR(S) INTO MEMORY
	AH = 02h
	AL = number of sectors to read (must be nonzero)
	CH = low eight bits of cylinder number
	CL = sector number 1-63 (bits 0-5)
	     high two bits of cylinder (bits 6-7, hard disk only)
	DH = head number
	DL = drive number (bit 7 set for hard disk)
	ES:BX -> data buffer
Return: CF set on error
	    if AH = 11h (corrected ECC error), AL = burst length
	CF clear if successful
	AH = status (see #00234)
	AL = number of sectors transferred (only valid if CF set for some
	      BIOSes)
Notes:	errors on a floppy may be due to the motor failing to spin up quickly
	  enough; the read should be retried at least three times, resetting
	  the disk with AH=00h between attempts
	most BIOSes support "multitrack" reads, where the value in AL
	  exceeds the number of sectors remaining on the track, in which
	  case any additional sectors are read beginning at sector 1 on
	  the following head in the same cylinder; the MSDOS CONFIG.SYS command
	  MULTITRACK (or the Novell DOS DEBLOCK=) can be used to force DOS to
	  split disk accesses which would wrap across a track boundary into two
	  separate calls
	the IBM AT BIOS and many other BIOSes use only the low four bits of
	  DH (head number) since the WD-1003 controller which is the standard
	  AT controller (and the controller that IDE emulates) only supports
	  16 heads
	AWARD AT BIOS and AMI 386sx BIOS have been extended to handle more
	  than 1024 cylinders by placing bits 10 and 11 of the cylinder number
	  into bits 6 and 7 of DH
	under Windows95, a volume must be locked (see INT 21/AX=440Dh/CX=084Bh)
	  in order to perform direct accesses such as INT 13h reads and writes
	all versions of MS-DOS (including MS-DOS 7 [Windows 95]) have a bug
	  which prevents booting on hard disks with 256 heads (FFh), so many
	  modern BIOSes provide mappings with at most 255 (FEh) heads
	some cache drivers flush their buffers when detecting that DOS is
	  bypassed by directly issuing INT 13h from applications.  A dummy
	  read can be used as one of several methods to force cache
	  flushing for unknown caches (e.g. before rebooting).
BUGS:	When reading from floppies, some AMI BIOSes (around 1990-1991) trash
	  the byte following the data buffer, if it is not arranged to an even
	  memory boundary.  A workaround is to either make the buffer word
	  aligned (which may also help to speed up things), or to add a dummy
	  byte after the buffer.
	MS-DOS may leave interrupts disabled on return from this function.
	Apparently some BIOSes or intercepting resident software have bugs
	  that may destroy DX on return or not properly set the Carry flag.
	  At least some Microsoft software frames calls to this function with
	  PUSH DX, STC, INT 13h, STI, POP DX.
	on the original IBM AT BIOS (1984/01/10) this function does not disable
	  interrupts for harddisks (DL >= 80h).	 On these machines the MS-DOS/
	  PC DOS IO.SYS/IBMBIO.COM installs a special filter to bypass the
	  buggy code in the ROM (see CALL F000h:211Eh)
SeeAlso: AH=03h,AH=0Ah,AH=06h"V10DISK.SYS",AH=21h"PS/1",AH=42h"IBM"
SeeAlso: INT 21/AX=440Dh/CX=084Bh,INT 4D/AH=02h
--------B-1303-------------------------------
INT 13 - DISK - WRITE DISK SECTOR(S)
	AH = 03h
	AL = number of sectors to write (must be nonzero)
	CH = low eight bits of cylinder number
	CL = sector number 1-63 (bits 0-5)
	     high two bits of cylinder (bits 6-7, hard disk only)
	DH = head number
	DL = drive number (bit 7 set for hard disk)
	ES:BX -> data buffer
Return: CF set on error
	CF clear if successful
	AH = status (see #00234)
	AL = number of sectors transferred
	      (only valid if CF set for some BIOSes)
Notes:	errors on a floppy may be due to the motor failing to spin up quickly
	  enough; the write should be retried at least three times, resetting
	  the disk with AH=00h between attempts
	most BIOSes support "multitrack" writes, where the value in AL
	  exceeds the number of sectors remaining on the track, in which
	  case any additional sectors are written beginning at sector 1 on
	  the following head in the same cylinder; the CONFIG.SYS command
	  MULTITRACK can be used to force DOS to split disk accesses which
	  would wrap across a track boundary into two separate calls
	the IBM AT BIOS and many other BIOSes use only the low four bits of
	  DH (head number) since the WD-1003 controller which is the standard
	  AT controller (and the controller that IDE emulates) only supports
	  16 heads
	AWARD AT BIOS and AMI 386sx BIOS have been extended to handle more
	  than 1024 cylinders by placing bits 10 and 11 of the cylinder number