vba_functions.html

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	CLng(expression)<br>
	<br>
	The expression argument is any valid expression.<br>
	<br>
	In general, you can document your code using the subtype conversion 
	functions to show that the result of some operation should be expressed as a 
	particular data type rather than the default data type. For example, use 
	CInt or CLng to force integer arithmetic in cases where currency, 
	single-precision, or double-precision arithmetic normally would occur.<br>
	<br>
	Use the CLng function to provide internationally aware conversions from any 
	other data type to a Long subtype. For example, different decimal separators 
	are properly recognized depending on the locale setting of your system, as 
	are different thousand separators.<br>
	<br>
	If expression lies outside the acceptable range for the Long subtype, an 
	error occurs.<br>
	<br>
	The following example uses the CLng function to convert a value to a Long:
	<br>
	<br>
	Dim MyVal1, MyVal2, MyLong1, MyLong2<br>
	MyVal1 = 25427.45: MyVal2 = 25427.55 ' MyVal1, MyVal2 are Doubles.<br>
	MyLong1 = CLng(MyVal1) ' MyLong1 contains 25427.<br>
	MyLong2 = CLng(MyVal2) ' MyLong2 contains 25428.<p>Note. CLng differs from 
	the Fix and Int functions, which truncate, rather than round, the fractional 
	part of a number. When the fractional part is exactly 0.5, the CLng function 
	always rounds it to the nearest even number. For example, 0.5 rounds to 0, 
	and 1.5 rounds to 2.</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Command</td><td>Returns the argument portion of the command 
	line used to launch Microsoft Visual Basic or an executable program 
	developed with Visual Basic. <br>
	<br>
	Syntax<br>
	<br>
	Command<br>
	<br>
	Remarks<br>
	<br>
	When Visual Basic is launched from the command line, any portion of the 
	command line that follows <br>
	/cmd<br>
	is passed to the program as the command-line argument. In the following 
	example, <br>
	cmdlineargs<br>
	represents the argument information returned by the Command function.<br>
	<br>
	VB /cmd cmdlineargs<br>
	For applications developed with Visual Basic and compiled to an .exe file, 
	Command returns any arguments that appear after the name of the application 
	on the command line. For example:<br>
	<br>
	MyApp cmdlineargs<br>
	To find how command line arguments can be changed in the user interface of 
	the application you're using, search Help for &quot;command line arguments.&quot;</td><td>
	-</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cos</td><td>Returns a Double specifying the cosine of an angle.<br>
	<br>
	Syntax<br>
	<br>
	Cos(number)<br>
	<br>
	The required number argument is a Double or any valid numeric expression 
	that expresses an angle in radians.<br>
	<br>
	Remarks<br>
	<br>
	The Cos function takes an angle and returns the ratio of two sides of a 
	right triangle. The ratio is the length of the side adjacent to the angle 
	divided by the length of the hypotenuse.<br>
	<br>
	The result lies in the range -1 to 1.<br>
	<br>
	To convert degrees to radians, multiply degrees by pi/180. To convert 
	radians to degrees, multiply radians by 180/pi.</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>Count</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>?</td></tr>
<tr><td>CreateObject</td><td>Creates and returns a reference to an 
	ActiveX object.<br>
	<br>
	Syntax<br>
	<br>
	CreateObject(class,[servername])<br>
	<br>
	The CreateObject function syntax has these parts:<br>
	<br>
	Part Description <br>
	class Required; Variant (String). The application name and class of the 
	object to create. <br>
	servername Optional; Variant (String). The name of the network server where 
	the object will be created. If servername is an empty string (&quot;&quot;), the local 
	machine is used. <br>
	<br>
	The class argument uses the syntax appname.objecttype and has these parts:<br>
	<br>
	Part Description <br>
	appname Required; Variant (String). The name of the application providing 
	the object. <br>
	objecttype Required; Variant (String). The type or class of object to 
	create. <br>
	<br>
	Remarks<br>
	<br>
	Every application that supports Automation provides at least one type of 
	object. For example, a word processing application may provide an 
	Application object, a Document object, and a Toolbar object.</td><td>-</td></tr>
<tr><td>CSng</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>?</td></tr>
<tr><td>CStr</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>?</td></tr>
<tr><td>CurDir</td><td>Returns a Variant (String) representing the 
	current path.<br>
	<br>
	Syntax<br>
	<br>
	CurDir[(drive)]<br>
	<br>
	The optional drive argument is a string expression that specifies an 
	existing drive. If no drive is specified or if drive is a zero-length string 
	(&quot;&quot;), CurDir returns the path for the current drive.</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cvar</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td>CVDate</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
<tr><td>CVErr</td><td>Returns a Variant of subtype Error containing an 
	error number specified by the user.<br>
	<br>
	Syntax<br>
	<br>
	CVErr(errornumber)<br>
	<br>
	The required errornumber argument is any valid error number.<br>
	<br>
	Remarks<br>
	<br>
	Use the CVErr function to create user-defined errors in user-created 
	procedures. For example, if you create a function that accepts several 
	arguments and normally returns a string, you can have your function evaluate 
	the input arguments to ensure they are within acceptable range. If they are 
	not, it is likely your function will not return what you expect. In this 
	event, CVErr allows you to return an error number that tells you what action 
	to take.<br>
	<br>
	Note that implicit conversion of an Error is not allowed. For example, you 
	can't directly assign the return value of CVErr to a variable that is not a 
	Variant. However, you can perform an explicit conversion (using CInt, CDbl, 
	and so on) of the value returned by CVErr and assign that to a variable of 
	the appropriate data type.</td><td>-</td></tr>
<tr><td>Date</td><td>Returns a Variant (Date) containing the current 
	system date.<br>
	<br>
	Syntax<br>
	<br>
	Date<br>
	<br>
	Remarks<br>
	<br>
	To set the system date, use the Date statement.<br>
	<br>
	Date, and if the calendar is Gregorian, Date$ behavior is unchanged by the 
	Calendar property setting. If the calendar is Hijri, Date$ returns a 
	10-character string of the form mm-dd-yyyy, where mm (01-12), dd (01-30) and 
	yyyy (1400-1523) are the Hijri month, day and year. The equivalent Gregorian 
	range is Jan 1, 1980 through Dec 31, 2099.</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>DateAdd</td><td>Returns a Variant (Date) containing a date to 
	which a specified time interval has been added.<br>
	<br>
	Syntax<br>
	<br>
	DateAdd(interval, number, date)<br>
	<br>
	The DateAdd function syntax has these named arguments:<br>
	<br>
	Part Description <br>
	interval Required. String expression that is the interval of time you want 
	to add. <br>
	number Required. Numeric expression that is the number of intervals you want 
	to add. It can be positive (to get dates in the future) or negative (to get 
	dates in the past). <br>
	date Required. Variant (Date) or literal representing date to which the 
	interval is added. <br>
	<br>
	Settings<br>
	<br>
	The interval argument has these settings:<br>
	<br>
	Setting Description <br>
	yyyy Year <br>
	q Quarter <br>
	m Month <br>
	y Day of year <br>
	d Day <br>
	w Weekday <br>
	ww Week <br>
	h Hour <br>
	n Minute <br>
	s Second <br>
	<br>
	Remarks<br>
	<br>
	You can use the DateAdd function to add or subtract a specified time 
	interval from a date. For example, you can use DateAdd to calculate a date 
	30 days from today or a time 45 minutes from now.<br>
	<br>
	To add days to date, you can use Day of Year (&quot;y&quot;), Day (&quot;d&quot;), or Weekday 
	(&quot;w&quot;).<br>
	<br>
	The DateAdd function won't return an invalid date. The following example 
	adds one month to January 31:<br>
	<br>
	DateAdd(&quot;m&quot;, 1, &quot;31-Jan-95&quot;)<br>
	In this case, DateAdd returns 28-Feb-95, not 31-Feb-95. If date is 
	31-Jan-96, it returns 29-Feb-96 because 1996 is a leap year.<br>
	<br>
	If the calculated date would precede the year 100 (that is, you subtract 
	more years than are in date), an error occurs.<br>
	<br>
	If number isn't a Long value, it is rounded to the nearest whole number 
	before being evaluated.<br>
	<br>
	Note The format of the return value for DateAdd is determined by Control 
	Panel settings, not by the format that is passed in date argument.<br>
	<br>
	Note For date, if the Calendar property setting is Gregorian, the supplied 
	date must be Gregorian. If the calendar is Hijri, the supplied date must be 
	Hijri. If month values are names, the name must be consistent with the 
	current Calendar property setting. To minimize the possibility of month 
	names conflicting with the current Calendar property setting, enter numeric 
	month values (Short Date format).</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>DateDiff</td><td>Returns a Variant (Long) specifying the number 
	of time intervals between two specified dates.<br>
	<br>
	Syntax<br>
	<br>
	DateDiff(interval, date1, date2[, firstdayofweek[, firstweekofyear]])<br>
	<br>
	The DateDiff function syntax has these named arguments:<br>
	<br>
	Part Description <br>
	interval Required. String expression that is the interval of time you use to 
	calculate the difference between date1 and date2. <br>
	date1, date2 Required; Variant (Date). Two dates you want to use in the 
	calculation. <br>
	firstdayofweek Optional. A constant that specifies the first day of the 
	week. If not specified, Sunday is assumed. <br>
	firstweekofyear Optional. A constant that specifies the first week of the 
	year. If not specified, the first week is assumed to be the week in which 
	January 1 occurs. <br>
	<br>
	Settings<br>
	<br>
	The interval argument has these settings:<br>
	<br>
	Setting Description <br>
	yyyy Year <br>
	q Quarter <br>
	m Month <br>
	y Day of year <br>
	d Day <br>
	w Weekday <br>
	ww Week <br>
	h Hour <br>
	n Minute <br>
	s Second <br>
	<br>
	<br>
	The firstdayofweek argument has these settings:<br>
	<br>
	Constant Value Description <br>
	vbUseSystem 0 Use the NLS API setting. <br>
	vbSunday 1 Sunday (default) <br>
	vbMonday 2 Monday <br>
	vbTuesday 3 Tuesday <br>
	vbWednesday 4 Wednesday <br>
	vbThursday 5 Thursday <br>
	vbFriday 6 Friday <br>
	vbSaturday 7 Saturday <br>
	<br>
	Constant Value Description <br>
	vbUseSystem 0 Use the NLS API setting. <br>
	vbFirstJan1 1 Start with week in which January 1 occurs (default). <br>
	vbFirstFourDays 2 Start with the first week that has at least four days in 
	the new year. <br>
	vbFirstFullWeek 3 Start with first full week of the year. <br>
	<br>
	<br>
	Remarks<br>
	<br>
	You can use the DateDiff function to determine how many specified time 
	intervals exist between two dates. For example, you might use DateDiff to 
	calculate the number of days between two dates, or the number of weeks 
	between today and the end of the year.<br>
	<br>
	To calculate the number of days between date1 and date2, you can use either 
	Day of year (&quot;y&quot;) or Day (&quot;d&quot;). When interval is Weekday (&quot;w&quot;), DateDiff 
	returns the number of weeks between the two dates. If date1 falls on a 
	Monday, DateDiff counts the number of Mondays until date2. It counts date2 
	but not date1. If interval is Week (&quot;ww&quot;), however, the DateDiff function 
	returns the number of calendar weeks between the two dates. It counts the 
	number of Sundays between date1 and date2. DateDiff counts date2 if it falls 
	on a Sunday; but it doesn't count date1, even if it does fall on a Sunday.<br>
	<br>
	If date1 refers to a later point in time than date2, the DateDiff function 
	returns a negative number.<br>
	<br>
	The firstdayofweek argument affects calculations that use the &quot;w&quot; and &quot;ww&quot; 
	interval symbols.<br>
	<br>
	If date1 or date2 is a date literal, the specified year becomes a permanent 
	part of that date. However, if date1 or date2 is enclosed in double 
	quotation marks (&quot; &quot;), and you omit the year, the current year is inserted 
	in your code each time the date1 or date2 expression is evaluated. This 
	makes it possible to write code that can be used in different years.<br>
	<br>
	When comparing December 31 to January 1 of the immediately succeeding year, 
	DateDiff for Year (&quot;yyyy&quot;) returns 1 even though only a day has elapsed.<br>
	<br>
	Note For date1 and date2, if the Calendar property setting is Gregorian, the 
	supplied date must be Gregorian. If the calendar is Hijri, the supplied date 
	must be Hijri.</td><td>1</td></tr>
<tr><td>DatePart</td><td>Returns a Variant (Integer) containing the