gaf.doc

王小平《遗传算法——理论、应用与软件实现》随书光盘

            alt-Q   : quit the program
            cursor keys to scroll up, down, right, and left of text window
            All other keys, while not in continuous mode, are treated as
            "Enter" for single step.

        Another major feature in GAF is that you can tune your system by
        trying different schedule rate (or cycle time defined in each
        segment).  There are different time modes offered by simulation mode
        and check mode.  These time modes are: real time mode, simulated time
        mode, sim-schedule mode, and 24 hours clock mode.  Please refer to
        the Control section for details about these time modes.  There is an
        easy way to change the sampling rate in sim-schedule and simulated
        time mode.  That is to use the '+' and '-' keys.  By press '+' or '-'
        key, GAF adjusts the schedule rate or cycle time by increasing or
        decreasing an adjustable amount.  Please refer the Control section
        for setting the adjust amount.  The current sample rate value will be
        displayed in the hint window.

    A: Adapt mode
        The genetic-adapt mode is an offline adaptation mode.  While fuzzy
        logic mimics the human's imprecise reasoning, the genetic algorithm
        mimics the evolution of the nature.  The genetic algorithm uses
        randomization techniques to reach local optimum without exhausting
        searching through the solution state space.  With randomization,
        genetic algorithm is also capable of escaping from local optimum and
        hopping into a new better state.  GAF uses genetic algorithm to
        derive proper rules and fuzzy sets from the initial rules.  By
        changing, adding, deleting rules and fuzzy membership sets of the
        fuzzy system, the genetic algorithm automatically adapts and
        optimizes the fuzzy control system.

        Besides the feedback segment, the adapt mode also needs an
        evaluation segment for evaluating the result of adaptation.  There
        are two ways to specify evaluation segment, canned evaluation or
        user defined segment.  See Evaluation section for detail.

        The evaluation process for genetic-adapt is defined as follow.  GAF
        runs through all preset cycles, which are preset conditions defined
        in evaluation segment.  After each cycle the result score from the
        evaluation segment (see Evaluation for defining result) is compared
        to the minimum score.  If it is below the minimum and the gene pool
        (saved best generations) has been filled up, GAF stops further
        evaluation of any unfinished cycles.  The overall evaluation result
        will be the average score of all the preset cycles.

        The creating of a new generation is described as follow.  In order to
        produce a new generation, GAF picks, with weighed random, one or two
        out of the gene pool (saved best generations) based on genetic
        algorithm and availability in the pool.  Then applies the selected
        genetic algorithm to the picked item(s) to create a new generation.

        After starting adapt, GAF evaluates the selected adapt segment and
        saves it on the top of the gene pool.  The pool can save up to one
        hundred best adaptations (or generations) in the order of their
        performance -- the evaluation result.  See section Adapt for setting
        number of gene pool.  GAF then produces a new generation and
        evaluates this new generation.  The evaluation result is compared
        with those in the pool, and the new generation will be either inserted
        in the pool or thrown away.  GAF repeats this process -- creation,
        evaluation, and judging the result, until reaches a pre-specified
        maximum iteration or quit from the user.

        User can specify the test time for preset test cycle and number of
        samples should be taken for evaluation.  The test time is used to run
        each preset test, then GAF samples the score result for the
        specified number of times.  The preset evaluation result will be the
        average of all samples, and the final result will be the average of all
        preset cycles.  For example, if the test time is two seconds and the
        number of samples is 4 (with 0.1 sample rate), the total time for a
        preset cycle will be 2.3 seconds.  See Evaluation section for how to
        define evaluation result.

        The following interactive interfaces are supported in adapt mode.
            C       : continue
            Alt-C   : switch to continuous mode
            Alt-P   : turn on iteration pause
            Alt-A   : turn on preset cycle pause
            Alt-Q   : quit the program
            cursor keys to scroll up, down, right, and left of text window
            All other keys will halt adapting temporary.



Control: Change Simulation Parameters
    The control menu allows user to change the control and simulation
    environment.  Currently only following functions are supported.
    R: Real time mode
    T: Sim time mode
    S: Sim schedule mode
        As mentioned, there are four different time modes: real time mode,
        simulated time mode, sim-schedule mode, and 24 hours clock mode.  The
        real time mode uses actual system clock (computer clock) for
        scheduling the segments.  This mode is the only allowed mode for
        running in the control mode.  The following is an example of how real
        time mode schedules a three segments system with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3
        cycle time.  Assume that each segment takes 0.05 second to run.  GAF
        scheduling table will be:
            Sweep # Time        Seg 1   Seg 2   Seg 3
            ------- -----      ------  ------  ------
                1   0.00        Run     Run     Run
                2   0.15        Run     ---     ---
                3   0.20        ---     Run     ---
                4   0.25        Run     ---     ---
                5   0.30        ---     ---     Run

        Instead of using real system time, the simulated time mode uses fixed
        time interval to simulate the schedule rate for the system.  For
        example if the user specifies schedule interval is 0.1 second.  Then
        the above scheduling table will be:
            Sweep # Time    Seg 1   Seg 2   Seg 3
            ------- ----   ------  ------  ------
                1   0.0     Run     Run     Run
                2   0.1     Run     ---     ---
                3   0.2     Run     Run     ---
                4   0.3     Run     ---     Run
                5   0.4     Run     Run     ---

        The sim-schedule mode resembles the simulated time mode, except that
        it does not use the cycle time of each segment for scheduling. 
        Instead the sim-schedule mode uses the schedule rate for all
        segments, i.e. runs all segments all the time.  Therefor, the
        scheduling table will be:
            Sweep # Time    Seg 1   Seg 2   Seg 3
            ------- ----   ------  ------  ------
                1   0.0     Run     Run     Run
                2   0.1     Run     Run     Run
                3   0.2     Run     Run     Run
                4   0.3     Run     Run     Run
                5   0.4     Run     Run     Run

    C: Sim schedule rate
        Use this option to set desired time interval in seconds for either
        simulated time mode or sim-schedule mode.

    K: Sim clock mode
        The simulated clock mode is a variation of sim-schedule mode.  This
        mode allows user to simulate 24 hours clock within a single plot
        frame.

    I: Increment value
        As mentioned, an easy way to change the simulated schedule rate is
        to use the '+' and '-' keys to increase and decrease the schedule rate. 
        This option allows user to set the amount of increasing/decreasing,
        the default value is 0.005 second.


Segment: Change segment and value
    The segment menu offers user three major functions:
        Select a segment for display or for following actions
        Change/modify the segment
        Control/change the display of the segment

    S: Segment number 
        Use this option to select a segment.  The default selected segment
        is the first segment (the segment 0).  The selected segment is
        displayed in the display window and title window.

    C: Cycle time
        Change the cycle time for the selected segment.  Note that the real
        cycle time may depend on the running mode and time mode been
        selected.  Refer to Run and Control sections for more information.

    I: Set input value
    O: Set output value
    L: Set local variable value
        These options allow user to manually set a variable's value.  After
        select one of these options, GAF pops up a window with all variable
        names alone with their variable number.  Select a variable, GAF then
        requests for new value.  Enter the new desired value will close all
        windows.  Note that you can use F7 to reset the system, see function
        key for detail.

    G: Set output gain
        Use this selection to change the gain of selected output.  Again, just
        like setting variable value, GAF asks for output variable and then
        the new gain value.

    E: Enable rule
    D: Disable rule
        GAF allows you to enable or disable the rule(s) in any of the running
        modes.  The disabled rules are marked with 'x' at the first column in
        text window.  Select one of these options, GAF then highlights the
        first rule at the second column in text window.  Use cursor keys to
        move highlighted cursor and then press 'Enter' to enable or disable
        the rule.

    A: Enable all rules
        This option gives user an easy way to enable all rules.

    P: Display result
        After changing the Display window's arrangement, i.e. selecting whole
        display or no plot mode, use this option to select the desired output
        you want to display.  GAF automatically selects the first output for
        display.
    R: Display rule firing
        The above option (Display result) allows user to specify the output
        to display, this allows user to select rule to be displayed with its
        detail inferencing in firing window.  When select this option, like
        disable/enable rule, GAF uses the text window for selecting menu. 
        Note that selected rules are marked with 'x'.

    N: Combined result only
        When this option is selected, GAF deselects all rules from displaying
        its inference (firing window).  So only the combined result will be
        displayed.

    S: Preset to
        Use this option to preset to a specific state defined by "PRESET"
        statements in segment(s).  GAF will prompt for the preset number.


Display: Arrange Display Windows
    The display menu allows user to arrange and select the screen layout,
    text font, and color of the screen display.  In future version, GAF will
    also allow user to put all these features in a configuration file, which
    will be read in during initialization.

    1: Use standard font
    2: Use small font
        With these two options, you can switch between normal text display
        or small font text display.

    3: Select normal display mode
        The normal display mode displays the text window on the left portion
        of the display window and the plot window on the right.  See window
        split for changing the size of text window.

    4: Select whole display mode
        In this mode the text window still occupies the left portion, but the
        right portion of the display window splits into two parts, the upper
        half shows the plot window, and the lower half displays the combined
        result and firing window.  See Segment section for more information
        about selecting rules and outputs.  See window split for changing size
        of text window.

    5: Select plot only mode
        This option allows you to see only the plot.  GAF dedicates the entire
        display window to plot sub-window except reduces the text window to