meld.xml

LINUX下的文件比较工具

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<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<book id="index">
  <title>Meld Users Manual</title>

  <bookinfo>
    <title>Meld Users Manual</title>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Stephen</firstname>

        <surname>Kennedy</surname>

        <email>[e-mail]</email>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>

    <copyright>
      <year>2004</year>

      <holder>Stephen Kennedy</holder>
    </copyright>

    <releaseinfo>This is version 0.1 of the meld manual, describing meld 0.9.6</releaseinfo>
  </bookinfo>

  <chapter id="introduction">
    <title>Introduction</title>

    <sect1 id="introduction_whatismeld">
      <title>What is meld</title>

      <para>Meld views differences between files and between directories. Meld
      makes it easy to isolate and merge these differences.</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="introduction_startingmeld">
      <title>Starting meld</title>

      <sect2>
        <title>Command line arguments</title>

        <variablelist>
          <varlistentry>
            <term><userinput>meld</userinput></term>

            <listitem>
              <para>start meld with the new document dialog</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term><userinput>meld &#60;file&#62; &#60;file&#62; [file]</userinput></term>

            <listitem>
              <para>start meld with either a two way or three way file
              comparison</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term><userinput>meld &#60;dir&#62; &#60;dir&#62; [dir]</userinput></term>

            <listitem>
              <para>start meld with either a two way or three way file
              comparison</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term><userinput>meld &#60;dir|file&#62;</userinput></term>

            <listitem>
              <para>start meld with the source control browser</para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>
        </variablelist>

        <note>
          <para>&#34;&#60;&#62;&#34; demote required arguments, &#34;[]&#34;
          denote optional arguments and &#34;|&#34; a choice.</para>
        </note>

        <note>
          <para>Run <userinput>meld --help</userinput> for a complete list of
          options</para>
        </note>
      </sect2>
    </sect1>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="filecompare">
    <title>File Comparison</title>

    <sect1 id="filecompare_starting">
      <title>Starting</title>

      <para>Use <guimenu>File...-&#62;New...-&#62;File Comparison</guimenu> to
      start a new file comparison. You can compare two or three files.</para>

      <para>For two way comparisons the original is shown in the left pane and
      the modified version in the right pane by convention.</para>

      <para>For three way comparisons, the original is shown in the centre
      pane and the left and right panes show the modified versions. By
      convention we put the locally modified file in the right pane.</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="filecompare_summary">
      <title>Change Summary</title>

      <para>The location of the changes is summarised in the window margins at
      the far left and right. By default green marks insertions and deletions
      and blue marks changes.</para>

      <para>You can jump to an individual change by clicking in the margin or
      using the scrollbar.</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="filecompare_detailed">
      <title>Detailed View</title>

      <para>Detailed differences are shown in the text and central pane.
      Inserted text is shown with a solid background. Lines containing changes
      are marked with a light background with the individual changes
      highlighted with a stronger colour.</para>

      <para>The area between each file shows where each change occurs in the
      other file. You can scroll through the changes by rolling the mouse
      wheel over this area or with keyboard shortcuts <keysym>Control+D</keysym>,
      <keysym>Control+E</keysym>.</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="filecompare_editing">
      <title>Editing</title>

      <para>You can edit the files as you would in a normal text editor. The
      differences will update automatically. Use <keysym>Control+F</keysym> to
      search and <keysym>Control+G</keysym> to repeat the last search.</para>

      <para>You can also apply changes by clicking the merge buttons (&#34;<guiicon>-&#62;</guiicon>&#34;
      and &#34;<guiicon>&#60;-</guiicon>&#34;). Holding <keysym>Shift</keysym>
      allows blocks to be deleted. Holding <keysym>Control</keysym> allows the
      current change to be inserted before or after the other change.</para>

      <para>You can apply all the changes from a given file by
      <mousebutton>right clicking</mousebutton> a text pane and choosing
      <command>Copy all left</command> or <command>Copy all right</command>.
      You can also launch an external editor from this menu. Configure the
      external editor in <guimenu>Settings-&#62;Preferences-&#62;Editor</guimenu></para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="filecompare_filtering">
      <title>Filtering</title>

      <para>You can ignore certain types of differences in order to locate
      important differences. All these settings are available from
      <guimenu>Settings-&#62;Preferences-&#62;Text Filters</guimenu>.</para>

      <sect2>
        <title>Regular Expressions</title>

        <para>When comparing files, each selected regular expression is run in
        turn over each line of input. Anything matching the expression is
        removed from the input.<note><para>See the python re module for more
        information on regular expressions</para></note><note><para>Differences
        are computed line-by-line so multiline regulare expressions will
        likely have unintended consequences.</para></note></para>
      </sect2>

      <sect2>
        <title>Blank Lines</title>

        <para>Changes which insert or remove blank lines can be ignored. This
        option is most useful in conjunction with one or more regular
        expression filters.</para>
      </sect2>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="filecompare_saving">
      <title>Saving</title>

      <para>When you have unsaved changes, a disk icon will appear beside the
      file name of the changed file. The tab label and window title also have
      an asterix after the file name.</para>

      <para>Save a file pressing <keysym>Control+s</keysym>, by selecting
      <guimenu>File-&#62;Save</guimenu> from the menu or by the toolbar save
      button. All of these save the currently focussed file (the file
      containing the edit cursor)</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="filecompare_status">
      <title>Status Bar</title>

      <para>The status bar shows the cursor location (line and column) and
      also progress messages as files are initially loaded and compared.</para>
    </sect1>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="foldercompare">
    <title>Folder Comparison</title>

    <sect1 id="foldercompare_starting">
      <title>Starting</title>

      <para>Use <guimenu>File...-&#62;New...-&#62;Directory Comparison</guimenu>
      to start a new directory comparison. You can compare two or three
      directories.</para>

      <para>For two way comparisons the original is shown in the left pane and
      the modified version in the right pane by convention.</para>

      <para>For three way comparisons, the original is shown in the centre
      pane and the left and right panes show the modified versions. By
      convention we put the locally modified file in the right pane.</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="foldercompare_summary">
      <title>Change Summary</title>

      <para>Similarly to the file comparison, the window margins mark file
      deletions, creations and modifications.</para>

      <para>You can jump to an individual change by clicking in the margin or
      using the scrollbar.</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="foldercompare_detailed">
      <title>Detailed View</title>

      <para>Modified files are highlighted with red, created files with green
      and deleted files with a strikethrough. See also <xref
      linkend="dir_content_filtering" /></para>

      <para>The file or folder most recently modified has a red dot
      superimposed on its icon. More detailed information such as file
      permission and modification time can be seen in the status bar when a
      file is selected.</para>

      <para>Use the mouse or the the cursor keys <keysym>Up</keysym>,
      <keysym>Down</keysym>, <keysym>Left</keysym> and <keysym>Right</keysym>
      to navigate. Additionally <keysym>Control+D</keysym> and
      <keysym>Control+E</keysym> move to the next and previous modification
      respectively.</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="foldercompare_editing">
      <title>Editing</title>

      <para>Activate an item with <mousebutton>double click</mousebutton> or
      <keysym>Return</keysym> to start an individual file comparison.</para>

      <para>Additional options are available from a
      <mousebutton>right click</mousebutton> context menu.</para>

      <para>Use <mousebutton>Shift+Click</mousebutton> and
      <mousebutton>Control+Click</mousebutton> to select multiple items.</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="foldercompare_filtering">
      <title>Filtering</title>

      <para>Often the initial comparison will contain too much spurious
      information. You can use filters to isolate the differences which are
      important to you.</para>

      <sect2>
        <title>Explicit Hiding</title>

        <para>Use the toolbar button to hide an item (and all subitems for
        directories).</para>
      </sect2>

      <sect2>
        <title>Case Sensitivity</title>

        <para>By default filename comparisons are case sensitive. Use the
        toolbar button to toggle case sensitivty of filenames.</para>
      </sect2>

      <sect2>
        <title>State Filtering</title>

        <para>All items have a state which is one of:
        <itemizedlist><listitem><para>Modified (there is some content
        difference between files which are present)</para></listitem><listitem><para>New
        (there is no content difference between present files, but the file is
        missing from at least one directory)</para></listitem><listitem><para>Identical
        (all files have equal content and are all present)</para></listitem></itemizedlist></para>

        <para>Use the toolbar buttons to control which items are shown by
        their state.<note><para>In the current version, only files are
        filtered by state. Directories are always shown.</para></note></para>
      </sect2>

      <sect2>
        <title>Name Filtering</title>

        <para>You can hide selected filename patterns from the comparison
        using the toolbar buttons. Use <guimenu>Settings-&#62;Preferences-&#62;File
        Filters</guimenu> to customise the file patterns.</para>
      </sect2>

      <sect2 id="dir_content_filtering">
        <title>Content Filtering</title>

        <para>If differences between files exist, but all differences match
        the active regular expressions specified in <guimenu>Settings-&#62;Preferences-&#62;Text
        Filters</guimenu>, then the filename is not highlighted in red, but is
        insted italicised in regular font.</para>
      </sect2>
    </sect1>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="sourcecontrol">
    <title>Source Control</title>

    <sect1 id="sourcecontrol_starting">
      <title>Starting</title>

      <para>Use <guimenu>File...-&#62;New...-&#62;CVS Browser</guimenu> or
      <guimenu>File...-&#62;New...-&#62;SVN Browser</guimenu> to start
      browsing a working copy.</para>

      <para>The browser is used for examining and commiting or reverting local
      changes. It is not intended to be a complete source control client.</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="sourcecontrol_filtering">
      <title>Filtering</title>

      <para>The browser can filter on four states:<itemizedlist><listitem><para>Normal
      (the file is unchanged since it was checked out)</para></listitem><listitem><para>Non
      controlled (the file exists locally but was not checked out)</para></listitem><listitem><para>Ignored
      (the file is explicitly ignored e.g. though .cvsignore)</para></listitem><listitem><para>Modified
      (locally changed, added or removed)</para></listitem></itemizedlist></para>

      <para>If you have several changes scattered in several directories or in
      a large tree, the &#39;Recurse&#39; tooggle is flattens the directory
      listing. This is especially useful in conjunction with only the modified
      filter active.</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="sourcecontrol_viewing">
      <title>Viewing Differences</title>

      <para>Activating an unmodified file opens it in the file viewer.
      Activating a modified file opens up a two way diff to examine your
      changes.</para>

      <para>You can examine many changes at once using
      <mousebutton>Shift+Click</mousebutton> and <mousebutton>Control+Click</mousebutton>
      to select multiple items.</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="sourcecontrol_changes">
      <title>Making Changes</title>

      <para>The toolbar contains commands to perform the most common source
      control operations. These operations are also accessible through a
      context menu.</para>
    </sect1>

    <sect1 id="sourcecontrol_console">
      <title>Viewing Console</title>

      <para>At the bottom of the source control window is an expander
      containing all the source control operations and their output. Click the
      expander bar to toggle between hiding and showing the console.</para>
    </sect1>
  </chapter>
</book>