gtkfaq.sgml

gtk是linux一款强大的夸平台的图形化开发工具

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<title>GTK+ FAQ

<!-- NOTE: Use only one author tag, otherwise sgml2txt barfs - TRG --> 
<author>Nathan Froyd, Tony Gale, Shawn T. Amundson, Emmanuel Deloget

<date>August 29th 1999

<abstract> This document is intended to answer questions that are likely to be 
frequently asked by programmers using GTK+ or people who are just looking at 
using GTK+. 
</abstract>

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<toc>

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<!-- ***************************************************************** -->
<sect>General Information

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>Before anything else: the greetings
<p>
The FAQ authors want to thank:
<itemize>
<item>Havoc Pennington
<item>Erik Mouw
<item>Owen Taylor
<item>Tim Janik
<item>Thomas Mailund Jensen
<item>Joe Pfeiffer
<item>Andy Kahn
<item>Federico Mena Quintero
<item>Damon Chaplin
<item>and all the members of the GTK+ lists
</itemize>
If we forgot you, please email us !
Thanks again (I know, it's really short :)

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>Authors
<p>
The original authors of GTK+ were:

<itemize>
<item>Peter Mattis
<item>Spencer Kimball
<item>Josh MacDonald
</itemize>

Since then, much has been added by others. Please see the AUTHORS
file in the distribution for the GTK+ Team.

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>What is GTK+?
<p>
GTK+ is a small and efficient widget set designed with the general
look and feel of Motif.  In reality, it looks much better than Motif.
It contains common widgets and some more complex widgets such as a
file selection, and color selection widgets.

GTK+ provides some unique features. (At least, I know of no other
widget library which provides them). For example, a button does not
contain a label, it contains a child widget, which in most instances
will be a label.  However, the child widget can also be a pixmap,
image or any combination possible the programmer desires.  This
flexibility is adhered to throughout the library.

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>What is the + in GTK+?
<P>
Peter Mattis informed the gtk mailing list that:
<quote>
"I originally wrote gtk which included the three libraries, libglib,
libgdk and libgtk. It featured a flat widget hierarchy. That is, you
couldn't derive a new widget from an existing one. And it contained
a more standard callback mechanism instead of the signal mechanism now
present in gtk+. The + was added to distinguish between the original
version of gtk and the new version. You can think of it as being an
enhancement to the original gtk that adds object oriented features."
</quote>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>Does the G in GTK+, GDK and GLib stand for?
<p>
GTK+ == Gimp Toolkit

GDK == Gtk+ Drawing Kit

GLib == G Library

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>Where is the documentation for GTK+?
<p>
In the GTK+ distribution's doc/ directory you will find the
reference material for both GTK and GDK, this FAQ and the
GTK Tutorial.

In addition, you can find links to HTML versions of these documents 
by going to <htmlurl url="http://www.gtk.org/" 
name="http://www.gtk.org/">. A packaged version of the GTK Tutorial,
with SGML, HTML, Postscript, DVI and text versions can be found in
<htmlurl url="ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/tutorial"
name="ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/tutorial">

There is also a book available that details programming with GTK+ and
GDK which has been written by Eric Harlow. It is entitled "Developing
Linux Applications with GTK+ and GDK" and is available at all good
book stores. The ISBN is 0-7357-0021-4

The example code from Eric's book is available on-line at
<htmlurl url="http://www.bcpl.net/~eharlow/book"
name="http://www.bcpl.net/~eharlow/book">

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>Is there a mailing list (or mailing list archive) for GTK+?
<p>
Information on mailing lists relating to GTK+ can be found at:

<htmlurl url="http://www.gtk.org/mailinglists.html"
name="http://www.gtk.org/mailinglists.html">

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>How to get help with GTK+
<p>
First, make sure your question isn't answered in the documentation, this
FAQ or the tutorial. Done that? You're sure you've done that, right? In
that case, the best place to post questions is to the GTK+ mailing list.

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>How to report bugs in GTK+
<p>
Bugs should be reported to the GNOME bug tracking
system (<htmlurl url="http://bugs.gnome.org"
name="http://bugs.gnome.org">). To report a problem about GTK+, send
mail to [e-mail].

The subject of the mail should describe your problem. In the body of
the mail, you should first include a "pseudo-header" that gives the
package and version number. This should be separated by a blank line
from the actual headers.

<verb>
 Package: gtk+
 Version: 1.2.0
</verb>

Substitute 1.2.0 with the version of GTK+ that you have installed.

Then describe the bug. Include:

<itemize>
<item> Information about your system. For instance:
   <itemize>
   <item> What operating system and version
   <item> What version of X
   <item> For Linux, what version of the C library
   </itemize>
  And anything else you think is relevant.

<item> How to reproduce the bug. 

  If you can reproduce it with the testgtk program that is built 
  in the gtk/ subdirectory, that will be most convenient.  Otherwise, 
  please include a short test program that exhibits the behavior. 
  As a last resort, you can also provide a pointer to a larger piece 
  of software that can be downloaded.

  (Bugs that can be reproduced within the  GIMP are almost as good 
  as bugs that can be reproduced in testgtk. If you are reporting a 
  bug found with the GIMP, please include the version number of the GIMP 
  you are using)

<item> If the bug was a crash, the exact text that was printed out
  when the crash occured.

<item> Further information such as stack traces may be useful, but
  are not necessary. If you do send a stack trace, and the error
  is an X error, it will be more useful if the stacktrace
  is produced running the test program with the <tt/--sync/ command
  line option.
</itemize>

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>Is there a Windows version of GTK+?
<p>
There is an on going port of GTK+ to the Windows platform which is
making impressive progress.

See <htmlurl url="http://www.iki.fi/tml/gimp/win32"
name="http://www.iki.fi/tml/gimp/win32"> for more information.

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>What applications have been written with GTK+?
<p>
A list of some GTK+ based application can be found on the GTK+ web
server at <htmlurl url="http://www.gtk.org/apps/"
name="http://www.gtk.org/apps/"> and contains more than 350
applications.

Failing that, look for a project to work on for the GNOME project,
<htmlurl url="http://www.gnome.org/" name="http://www.gnome.org/">
Write a game. Write something that is useful.

Some of these are:
<itemize>
<item>GIMP (<htmlurl url="http://www.gimp.org/" 
                  name="http://www.gimp.org/">), 
        an image manipulation program
<item>AbiWord (<htmlurl url="http://www.abisource.com/" 
        name="http://www.abisource.com/">),
        a professional word processor
<item>GUBI (<htmlurl url="http://www.SoftHome.net/pub/users/timj/gubi/index.htm"
            name="http://www.SoftHome.net/pub/users/timj/gubi/index.htm">),
        a user interface builder
<item>Gzilla (<htmlurl url="http://www.levien.com/gzilla/" 
        name="http://www.levien.com/gzilla/">),
        a web browser
<item>SANE (<htmlurl url="http://www.azstarnet.com/~axplinux/sane/" 
        name="http://www.azstarnet.com/~axplinux/sane/"> ),
        a universal scanner interface
<item>XQF (<htmlurl url="http://www.botik.ru/~roma/quake/" 
        name="http://www.botik.ru/~roma/quake/">),
        a QuakeWorld/Quake2 server browser and launcher
<item>ElectricEyes (<htmlurl url="http://www.labs.redhat.com/ee.shtml" 
        name="http://www.labs.redhat.com/ee.shtml">),
        an image viewer that aims to be a free replacement for xv
<item>GPK - the General Proxy Kit (<htmlurl url="http://www.humanfactor.com/gpk/" 
        name="http://www.humanfactor.com/gpk/">),
        an add-on library to permit thread-safe access to GTK+
<item>GCK - the General Convenience Kit (<htmlurl url="http://www.ii.uib.no/~tomb/gck.html" 
        name="http://www.ii.uib.no/~tomb/gck.html">),
        miscellaneous functions intended to ease color handling, UI construction,
        vector operations, and math functions
<item>GDK Imlib (<htmlurl url="http://www.labs.redhat.com/imlib/" 
        name="http://www.labs.redhat.com/imlib/">),
        a fast image loading and manipulation library for GDK
<item>Glade (<htmlurl url="http://glade.pn.org/"
        name="http://glade.pn.org/">),
        a GTK+ based RAD tool which produces GTK+ applications
</itemize>
<p>
In addition to the above, the GNOME project (<htmlurl url="http://www.gnome.org"
name="http://www.gnome.org">)
is using GTK+ to build a free desktop for Linux. Many more programs can be found
there.

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>I'm looking for an application to write in GTK+. How about an IRC client? 
<p> 

Ask on gtk-list for suggestions. There are at least three IRC
clients already under development (probably more in fact. The server at
<htmlurl url="http://www.forcix.cx/irc-clients.html"
name="http://www.forcix.cx/irc-clients.html"> list a bunch of them).

<itemize>
<item>girc. (Included with GNOME)
<item>Bezerk (<htmlurl url="http://www.gtk.org/~trog/"
                       name="http://www.gtk.org/~trog/">)
<item>gsirc. (In the gnome CVS tree)
</itemize>

<!-- ***************************************************************** -->
<sect>How to find, configure, install, and troubleshoot GTK+

<!-- ***************************************************************** -->

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>What do I need to run GTK+?
<p>
To compile GTK+, all you need is a C compiler (gcc) and the X Window System
and associated libraries on your system.

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>Where can I get GTK+?
<p>
The canonical site is:
<verb>
ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk
</verb>
This site tends to get busy around the time of a new GTK+ release
so try and use one of the mirror sites that are listed in
<htmlurl url="ftp://ftp.gtk.org/etc/mirrors"
name="ftp://ftp.gtk.org/etc/mirrors">

Here's a few mirror sites to get you started:
<itemize>
<item>Africa - ftp://ftp.is.co.za/applications/gimp/
<item>Australia - ftp://ftp.au.gimp.org/pub/gimp/
<item>Finland - ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/sci/graphics/packages/gimp
<item>Germany - ftp://infosoc.uni-koeln.de/pub/ftp.gimp.org/
<item>Japan - ftp://SunSITE.sut.ac.jp/pub/archives/packages/gimp/
<item>UK - ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/X/gimp/
<item>US - ftp://ftp.insync.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.gimp.org/
</itemize>

<sect1>How do I configure/compile GTK+?
<p>
Generally, all you will need to do is issue the commands:
<verb>
./configure
make
</verb>
in the gtk+-version/ directory.

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
<sect1>When compiling GTK+ I get an error like: 
<tt/make: file `Makefile' line 456: Syntax error/
<p>
Make sure that you are using GNU make (use <tt/make -v/ to check). There are
many weird and wonderful versions of make out there, and not all of them
handle the automatically generated Makefiles.

<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -->
 
<sect1>I've compiled and installed GTK+, but I can't get any programs to link with it!
<p>
This problem is most often encountered when the GTK+ libraries can't be 
found or are the wrong version. Generally, the compiler will complain about an
'unresolved symbol'.  There are two things you need to check:
<itemize>
<item>Make sure that the libraries can be found. You want to edit 
/etc/ld.so.conf to include the directories which contain the GTK libraries,
 so it looks something like:
<verb>
/usr/X11R6/lib
/usr/local/lib
</verb>
Then you need to run /sbin/ldconfig as root. You can find what directory
GTK is in using
<verb>
gtk-config --libs
</verb>

If your system doesn't use ld.so to find libraries (such as Solaris), then
you will have to use the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable (or compile
the path into your program, which I'm not going to cover here). So, with a
Bourne type shell you can do (if your GTK libraries are in /usr/local/lib):
<verb>
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
</verb>
and in a csh, you can do:
<verb>
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/lib
</verb>

<item>Make sure the linker is finding the correct set of libraries. If you
have a Linux distribution that installs GTK+ (e.g. RedHat 5.0) then this 
older version may be used. Now (assuming you have a RedHat
system), issue the command
<verb>
rpm -e gtk gtk-devel
</verb>
You may also want to remove the packages that depend on gtk (rpm will tell you
which ones they are).  If you don't have a RedHat Linux system, check to make sure