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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"><HTML><HEAD> <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="SGML-Tools 1.0.9"> <TITLE>GTK+ FAQ: How to find, configure, install, and troubleshoot GTK+</TITLE> <LINK HREF="gtkfaq-3.html" REL=next> <LINK HREF="gtkfaq-1.html" REL=previous> <LINK HREF="gtkfaq.html#toc2" REL=contents></HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"><A HREF="gtkfaq-3.html">Next</A><A HREF="gtkfaq-1.html">Previous</A><A HREF="gtkfaq.html#toc2">Contents</A><HR NOSHADE><H2><A NAME="s2">2. How to find, configure, install, and troubleshoot GTK+</A></H2><H2><A NAME="ss2.1">2.1 What do I need to run GTK+?</A></H2><P>To compile GTK+, all you need is a C compiler (gcc) and the X Window Systemand associated libraries on your system.<P><H2><A NAME="ss2.2">2.2 Where can I get GTK+?</A></H2><P>The canonical site is:<PRE>ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk</PRE>This site tends to get busy around the time of a new GTK+ releaseso try and use one of the mirror sites that are listed in<A HREF="ftp://ftp.gtk.org/etc/mirrors">ftp://ftp.gtk.org/etc/mirrors</A><P>Here's a few mirror sites to get you started:<UL><LI>Africa - ftp://ftp.is.co.za/applications/gimp/</LI><LI>Australia - ftp://ftp.au.gimp.org/pub/gimp/</LI><LI>Finland - ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/sci/graphics/packages/gimp</LI><LI>Germany - ftp://infosoc.uni-koeln.de/pub/ftp.gimp.org/</LI><LI>Japan - ftp://SunSITE.sut.ac.jp/pub/archives/packages/gimp/</LI><LI>UK - ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/X/gimp/</LI><LI>US - ftp://ftp.insync.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.gimp.org/</LI></UL><P><H2><A NAME="ss2.3">2.3 How do I configure/compile GTK+?</A></H2><P>Generally, all you will need to do is issue the commands:<PRE>./configuremake</PRE>in the gtk+-version/ directory.<P><H2><A NAME="ss2.4">2.4 When compiling GTK+ I get an error like: <CODE>make: file `Makefile' line 456: Syntax error</CODE></A></H2><P>Make sure that you are using GNU make (use <CODE>make -v</CODE> to check). There aremany weird and wonderful versions of make out there, and not all of themhandle the automatically generated Makefiles.<P><P><H2><A NAME="ss2.5">2.5 I've compiled and installed GTK+, but I can't get any programs to link with it!</A></H2><P>This problem is most often encountered when the GTK+ libraries can't be found or are the wrong version. Generally, the compiler will complain about an'unresolved symbol'. There are two things you need to check:<UL><LI>Make sure that the libraries can be found. You want to edit /etc/ld.so.conf to include the directories which contain the GTK libraries,so it looks something like:<PRE>/usr/X11R6/lib/usr/local/lib</PRE>Then you need to run /sbin/ldconfig as root. You can find what directoryGTK is in using<PRE>gtk-config --libs</PRE>If your system doesn't use ld.so to find libraries (such as Solaris), thenyou will have to use the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable (or compilethe path into your program, which I'm not going to cover here). So, with aBourne type shell you can do (if your GTK libraries are in /usr/local/lib):<PRE>export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib</PRE>and in a csh, you can do:<PRE>setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/lib</PRE></LI><LI>Make sure the linker is finding the correct set of libraries. If youhave a Linux distribution that installs GTK+ (e.g. RedHat 5.0) then this older version may be used. Now (assuming you have a RedHatsystem), issue the command<PRE>rpm -e gtk gtk-devel</PRE>You may also want to remove the packages that depend on gtk (rpm will tell youwhich ones they are). If you don't have a RedHat Linux system, check to make surethat neither <PRE>/usr/lib</PRE> or <PRE>/usr/local/lib</PRE> contain any ofthe libraries libgtk, libgdk, libglib, or libgck. If they do exist, remove them(and any gtk include files, such as /usr/include/gtk and /usr/include/gdk) and reinstall gtk+.</LI></UL><P><H2><A NAME="ss2.6">2.6 When compiling programs with GTK+, I get compiler error messages about not being able to find <CODE>"glibconfig.h"</CODE>.</A></H2><P>The header file "glibconfig.h" was moved to the directory$exec_prefix/lib/glib/include/. $exec_prefix is thedirectory that was specified by giving the --exec-prefixflags to ./configure when compiling GTK+. It defaults to $prefix, (specified with --prefix), which in turn defaultsto /usr/local/.<P>This was done because "glibconfig.h" includes architecturedependent information, and the rest of the include filesare put in $prefix/include, which can be shared between differentarchitectures. <P>GTK+ includes a shell script, <CODE>gtk-config</CODE>, thatmakes it easy to find out the correct include paths.The GTK+ tutorial includes an example of using <CODE>gtk-config</CODE>for simple compilation from the command line. For informationabout more complicated configuration, see the filedocs/gtk-config.txt in the GTK+ distribution.<P>If you are trying to compile an old program, you maybe able to work around the problem by configuring itwith a command line like: <P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include/glib/include" ./configure</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P>for Bourne-compatible shells like bash, or for csh variants:<P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>setenv CPPFLAGS "-I/usr/local/include/glib/include" ./configure</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P>(Substitute the appropriate value of $exec_prefix for /usr/local.)<P><H2><A NAME="ss2.7">2.7 When installing a GTK+ application, configure reports that it can't find GTK.</A></H2><P>There are several common reasons for this:<UL><LI>You have an old version of GTK installed somewhere. RedHat 5.0, for example, installs an older copy of GTK that may not work with the latest applications. You should remove this old copy, but note that in the caseof RedHat 5.0 this will break the <CODE>control-panel</CODE> applications.<P></LI><LI><CODE>gtk-config</CODE> (or another component of GTK) isn't in your path, orthere is an old version on your system. Type:<PRE>gtk-config --version</PRE>to check for both of these. If it returns a value different from whatyou expect, then you have an old version of GTK on your system.<P></LI><LI>The ./configure script can't find the GTK libraries. As ./configurecompiles various test programs, it needs to be able to find the GTKlibraries. See the question above for help on this.</LI></UL><P>If none of the above help, then have a look in config.log, which isgenerated by ./configure as it runs. At the bottom will be the lastaction it took before failing. If it is a section of source code, copythe source code to a file and compile it with the line just above it inconfig.log. If the compilation is successful, try executing it.<P><HR NOSHADE><A HREF="gtkfaq-3.html">Next</A><A HREF="gtkfaq-1.html">Previous</A><A HREF="gtkfaq.html#toc2">Contents</A></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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