geobase.inc

prolog,人工智能推理程序,运行环境prolog

/*************************************************************************
  SUPPORT PREDICATES - These are the clauses which support the
  general system, including the parser and the menu system. Most of
  the clauses involve list processing and are general enough to be
  used in any system.
*************************************************************************/

PREDICATES
  write_list(INTEGER,STRINGLIST)    /* Write the list separated by spaces */
  write_list2(STRINGLIST)		             /* Display an answer */
  append(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST)	      /* Append two lists */
  unik(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST)		/* Eliminate duplicates in a list */
  index(STRINGLIST,INTEGER,STRING)       /* Select an element from a list */

CLAUSES
  index([X|_],1,X):- !.
  index([_|L],N,X):- N>1,N1=N-1,index(L,N1,X).

  unik([],[]).
  unik([H|T],L):-member(H,T),!,unik(T,L).
  unik([H|T],[H|L]):-unik(T,L).

  append([],L,L).
  append([Ah|At],B,[Ah|C]):-append(At,B,C).



  write_list(_,[]).
  write_list(_,[X]):-!,write(X).
  write_list(4,[H|T]):-!,write(H),nl,write_list(0,T).
  write_list(3,[H|T]):-str_len(H,LEN),LEN>13,!,write(H),nl,write_list(0,T).
  write_list(N,[H|T]):-str_len(H,LEN),LEN>13,!,N1=N+2,writef("%-27 ",H),write_list(N1,T).
  write_list(N,[H|T]):-N1=N+1,writef("%-13 ",H),write_list(N1,T).

  write_list2([]).
  write_list2([H|T]):-write(H,' '),write_list2(T).


/*************************************************************************
  Evaluating queries - This is the mechanism which reads a query, scans
  the string and removes punctuation, parses the query and evaluates
  it.  The number of solutions are also reported here.
*************************************************************************/

DOMAINS
/* Nine types of questions are recognized by the evaluator */
  QUERY	=	q_e(ENT) ;
		q_eaec(ENT,ASSOC,ENT,STRING) ;
		q_eaq(ENT,ASSOC,ENT,QUERY) ;
		q_sel(ENT,RELOP,ENT,REAL);
		q_min(ENT,QUERY);
		q_max(ENT,QUERY);
		q_not(ENT,QUERY) ;
		q_or(QUERY,QUERY) ;
		q_and(QUERY,QUERY)

PREDICATES
/* Input-output */
  loop(STRING)			/* Main loop */
  readquery(STRING)
  write_unit(STRING)		/* Write the unit for an entity */
  write_solutions(INTEGER)	/* Write the number of solutions */

/* Scanner */
  scan(STRING,STRINGLIST)		/* Convert a string to a list of words */
  filter(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST)		/* Eliminate commas and periods	*/

/* Parser */
  pars(STRINGLIST,STRING,QUERY)

/* Evaluation */
  eval(QUERY,STRING)


CLAUSES
  loop(STR):-	STR >< "",
  		scan(STR,LIST),               /* Returns a list of words(symbols)           */
		filter(LIST,LIST1),           /* Removes punctuation and words to be ignored*/
		pars(LIST1,E,Q),              /* Parses queries                            */
		findall(A,eval(Q,A),L),
		unik(L,L1),
		write_list(0,L1),
		write_unit(E),
		listlen(L1,N),
		write_solutions(N),
		fail.

  loop(STR):-	STR >< "",readquery(L),loop(L).

  readquery(QUERY):-nl,nl,write("Query: "),readln(QUERY).

  scan(STR,[TOK|LIST]):-
		fronttoken(STR,SYMB,STR1),!,
		upper_lower(SYMB,TOK),
		scan(STR1,LIST).
  scan(_,[]).

  filter(["."|T],L):-	!,filter(T,L).
  filter([","|T],L):-	!,filter(T,L).
  filter(["?"|T],L):-	!,filter(T,L).
  filter([H|T],L):-	ignore(H),!,filter(T,L).
  filter([H|T],[H|L]):-	filter(T,L).
  filter([],[]).

  write_unit(E):-unit(E,UNIT),!,write(' ',UNIT).
  write_unit(_).

  write_solutions(0):-!,write("\nNo solutions").
  write_solutions(1):-!.
  write_solutions(N):-!,writef("\n% Solutions",N).

/*************************************************************************
  ENTITY NAMES
*************************************************************************/

PREDICATES
  entn(STRING,STRING)		/* Convert an entity to singular form */
  entity(STRING)		/* Get all entities */
  ent_synonym(STRING,STRING)	/* Synonyms for entities */
  ent_name(STRING,STRING)	/* Convert between an entity
				   name and an internal entity name */

CLAUSES
  ent_synonym(E,ENT):-synonym(E,ENT).
  ent_synonym(E,E).

  ent_name(ENT,NAVN):-entn(E,NAVN),ent_synonym(E,ENT),entity(ENT).

  entn(E,N):-concat(E,"s",N).
  entn(E,N):-free(E),bound(N),concat(X,"ies",N),concat(X,"y",E).
  entn(E,E).

  entity(name):-!.
  entity(continent):-!.
  entity(X):-schema(X,_,_).


/*************************************************************************
  ERROR DETECTION -
  Once the string has been converted to a list of words, the word
  list can be checked against the language database to see if it
  is a known word. Words which are not known are collected into a
  list which the system reports on.
*************************************************************************/

PREDICATES
  error(STRINGLIST)
  known_word(STRING)

CLAUSES
  error(LIST):-	write(">> "),member(Y,LIST),not(known_word(Y)),!,
		write("Unknown word: ",Y),nl.

  error(_):-	write("Sorry, the sentence can't be recognized").

  known_word(X):-str_real(X,_),!.  /*   Check for special case words    */
  known_word("and"):-!.
  known_word("or"):-!.
  known_word("not"):-!.
  known_word("all"):-!.
  known_word("thousand"):-!.
  known_word("million"):-!.
  known_word(X):-minn(X),!.     /*  If not a special case word, check the */
  known_word(X):-maxx(X),!.     /*  dynamic database for known words      */
  known_word(X):-size(_,X),!.   /*  additional words.                     */
  known_word(X):-ignore(X),!.
  known_word(X):-unit(_,X),!.
  known_word(X):-assoc(_,AL),member(X,AL),!.
  known_word(X):-ent_name(_,X),!.
  known_word(X):-entity(X),!.
  known_word(X):-relop(L,_),member(X,L),!.
  known_word(X):-entity(E),not(unit(E,_)),ent(E,X).

/*************************************************************************
		PARSER
*************************************************************************/

/*
   PARSER SUPPORT -  Compound entities:
   This is used by the parser to handle a compound entity (e.g.
   New York).
*/

PREDICATES		
  check(STRINGLIST)                          /* Check that the list is empty */
  get_ent(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING)            /* Get the compound entity      */
  get_cmpent(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING,STRING)  /* Get the first component      */
  ent_end(STRINGLIST)                        /* Get the rest of the entity   */

CLAUSES
  check([]).	

  get_ent([E|S],S,E):-ent_end(S),!.
  get_ent(S1,S2,ENT):-get_cmpent(S1,S2," ",E1),frontchar(E1,_,E),ENT=E.

  get_cmpent([E|S],S,IND,ENT):-ent_end(S),concat(IND,E,ENT).
  get_cmpent([E|S1],S2,IND,ENT):-
		concat(IND,E,II),concat(II," ",III),
		get_cmpent(S1,S2,III,ENT).

  ent_end([]).
  ent_end(["and"|_]).
  ent_end(["or"|_]).

/*
  Here begins the parser. The first two parameters for the parsing
  predicates are the inputlist and what remains of the list
  after a part of a query is stripped off. In the last parameter, a
  structure for the query is built up.

  This method is called "parsing by difference lists." Once you
  understand how it works, you can easily add new sentence
  constructions to the language.
*/

PREDICATES
  s_rel(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING)
  s_unit(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING)
  s_val(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,REAL)

CLAUSES
  s_rel(S1,S2,REL):-relop(RLIST,REL),append(RLIST,S2,S1).

  s_unit([UNIT|S],S,UNIT).
  s_val([X,thousand|S],S,VAL):-	!,str_real(X,XX),VAL=1000*XX.
  s_val([X,million|S],S,VAL):-	!,str_real(X,XX),VAL=1000000*XX.
  s_val([X|S],S,VAL):-		str_real(X,VAL).


PREDICATES
  s_attr(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING,QUERY)
  s_minmax(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING,QUERY)
  s_rest(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING,QUERY)
  s_or(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING,QUERY)
  s_or1(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING,QUERY,QUERY)
  s_and(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING,QUERY)
  s_and1(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING,QUERY,QUERY)
  s_elem(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING,QUERY)
  s_assoc(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING,QUERY)
  s_assoc1(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING,STRING,QUERY)
  s_nest(STRINGLIST,STRINGLIST,STRING,QUERY)