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<td width="90%"><font size="4" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica"><b>概述</b></font></td><td width="200" align="right"><font size="1" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica"><nobr>   第 1 页（共7 页）</nobr></font></td>
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<p>首字母缩略 <i>LDAP</i> 代表轻量级目录访问协议（Lightweight Directory Access Protocol）。与某些计算机术语不同，
术语 LDAP 的自我描述性真是令人惊异。</p>
<ul>
<li>LDAP 是一种部分基于 X.500 目录标准的开放标准，但更简单、更精练且可扩展性更好 — 与某些其它通信协议相比，它是<i>轻量级</i>的。LDAP 标准的规范是以一系列 RFC（或注释请求，Request For Comment）的形式编排的。
有关与 LDAP 相关的 RFC 的更多信息，请参阅<a href="l-ldap-7-2.html">参考资料</a>中列出的 LDAPman RFC 页面。</li>
<li>信息被集中存储在服务器上的 LDAP <i>目录</i>中。LDAP 目录是一种数据库；然而，它不是<i>关系</i>数据库。它的目录或数据库的结构与 UNIX 文件系统非常相似：
数据按层次存储；有&ldquo;根&rdquo;或&ldquo;基本 DN&rdquo;（专有名称，Distinguished Name）；
目录被进一步细分成组织单元（Organization Units 或 OU）；
在这些 OU 中是包含数据的项。这种<i>树-叶</i>结构不仅使 LDAP 变得可扩展，
而且当进行简单的搜索或查询时，比传统的关系数据库更快。</li>
<li>通过使用 LDAP 协议，客户机将查询发送给 LDAP 服务器（从技术上讲，LDAP 没有&ldquo;读&rdquo;功能；
客户机通过将<i>搜索</i>请求发送给服务器来&ldquo;读&rdquo;目录项）。服务器检查客户机权限（即，
客户机<i>有权访问</i>数据库吗？可以读被请求的树吗？可以将信息写入数据库吗？可以删除项吗？），然后返回请求信息。
几乎所有的现代编程语言都有 LDAP API，这意味着几乎任何一个软件都可以支持 LDAP。</li>
</ul>
<p>遗憾的是，术语 LDAP 经常在没有上下文的情况下或在不适当的上下文中使用。
而目前又有多种使用该术语的方法（LDAP 协议、LDAP 服务器或 LDAP 客户机），
那些不熟悉 LDAP 世界的人很可能会被搞糊涂。
出于本教程的目的，我已经做了所有努力以确保说明了上下文或者使上下文明显有别于相关的讨论。</p>
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