cacti.cpp

一本关于OPenGL的很好的电子书

/****************************************************************************
 cacti.cpp
 
 This demo program demonstrates the use of billboarding by drawing cacti
 on a desert landscape.
  
 Author   :   Dave Astle
 Date     :   4/3/2001

 Written for OpenGL Game Programming
*****************************************************************************/


/********************************* Includes *********************************/
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN   // get rid of Windows things we don't need

#include <windows.h>          // included in all Windows apps
#include <winuser.h>          // Windows constants
#include <gl/gl.h>            // OpenGL include
#include <gl/glu.h>           // OpenGL utilty library
#include "vectorlib.h"
#include "bitmap.h"


#define WND_CLASS_NAME  "OpenGL Window Class"


/*************************** Constants and Macros ***************************/
const int   SCREEN_WIDTH    = 800;
const int   SCREEN_HEIGHT   = 600;
const int   SCREEN_BPP      = 32;
const bool  USE_FULLSCREEN  = false; 
const char  *APP_TITLE       = "Billboarding Demo";

#define MAP_X       32        // size of map along x-axis
#define MAP_Z       32        // size of map along z-axis
#define MAP_SCALE   25.0f     // the scale of the terrain map

#define PI          3.14159
#define NUM_CACTI   40

#define KEY_DOWN(vk_code)  ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0)
#define KEY_UP(vk_code)    ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 0 : 1)

#define RAND_COORD(x)   ((float)rand()/RAND_MAX * (x))

typedef void (APIENTRY * PFNGLLOCKARRAYSEXTPROC) (GLint first, GLsizei count);
typedef void (APIENTRY * PFNGLUNLOCKARRAYSEXTPROC) (void);


/********************************* Globals **********************************/
HDC       g_hdc;                  // device context
HGLRC     g_hrc;                  // rendering context
BOOL      g_isFullscreen = TRUE;  // toggles fullscreen and windowed display
BOOL      g_isActive = TRUE;      // false if window is minimized
HWND      g_hwnd = NULL;          // main window handle
HINSTANCE g_hInstance;            // application instance

GLuint    g_sand;     // sand texture
GLuint    g_cactus;   // cactus texture

GLboolean g_keys[256];

// terrain data
float   g_terrain[MAP_X * MAP_Z][3];         // heightfield terrain data (0-255); 256x256
GLuint  g_indexArray[MAP_X * MAP_Z * 2];    // vertex array
float   g_colorArray[MAP_X * MAP_Z][3];     // color array
float   g_texcoordArray[MAP_X * MAP_Z][2];  // tex coord array

// compiled array extensions
PFNGLLOCKARRAYSEXTPROC    glLockArraysEXT = 0;
PFNGLUNLOCKARRAYSEXTPROC  glUnlockArraysEXT = 0;


/******************************** Prototypes ********************************/
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

BOOL    SetupWindow(const char *title, int width, int height, int bits, bool isFullscreen);
BOOL    KillWindow();

GLvoid  ResizeScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height);
BOOL    InitializeScene();
void    InitializeTerrain();
BOOL    DisplayScene();
BOOL    Cleanup();

void    DrawCacti();
void    DrawSand();
void    LoadTexture(char *filename, GLuint &texture);
float   GetHeight(float x, float z);


/*****************************************************************************
 WinMain()

 Windows entry point
*****************************************************************************/
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE g_hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd)
{
  MSG   msg;       // message
  BOOL  isDone;    // flag indicatingen the app is done

  // if the window is set up correctly, we can proceed with the message loop
  if (SetupWindow(APP_TITLE, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_BPP, USE_FULLSCREEN))
    isDone = FALSE;
  // otherwise, we need to never enter the loop and proceed to exit
  else
    isDone = TRUE;

  // main message loop
  while (!isDone)
  {
    if(PeekMessage(&msg, g_hwnd, NULL, NULL, PM_REMOVE))
    {
      if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)   // do we receive a WM_QUIT message?
      {
        isDone = TRUE;              // if so, time to quit the application
      }
      else
      {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);     // translate and dispatch to event queue
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
      }
    }

    // don't update the scene if the app is minimized
    if (g_isActive)
    {
      // update the scene every time through the loop
      DisplayScene();
      // switch the front and back buffers to display the updated scene
      SwapBuffers(g_hdc);
    }
  }

  Cleanup();
  KillWindow();

  return msg.wParam;
} // end WinMain()


/*****************************************************************************
 WndProc()

 Windows message handler
*****************************************************************************/
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
  switch(message)
  {
  case WM_ACTIVATE:  // watch for the window being minimized and restored
    {
      if (!HIWORD(wParam))
      {
        // program was restored or maximized
        g_isActive = TRUE;
      }
      else
      {
        // program was minimized
        g_isActive=FALSE;
      }

      return 0;
    }

  case WM_SYSCOMMAND:  // look for screensavers and powersave mode
    {
      switch (wParam)
      {
      case SC_SCREENSAVE:     // screensaver trying to start
      case SC_MONITORPOWER:   // monitor going to powersave mode
        // returning 0 prevents either from happening
        return 0;
      default:
        break;
      }
    } break;

  case WM_CLOSE:    // window is being closed
    {
      // send WM_QUIT to message queue
      PostQuitMessage(0);

      return 0;
    }

  case WM_SIZE:
    {
      // update perspective with new width and height
      ResizeScene(LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam));
      return 0;
    }

  case WM_KEYDOWN:
    {
      switch (toupper(wParam))
      {
      case VK_ESCAPE:
        {
          // send WM_QUIT to message queue
          PostQuitMessage(0);
          return 0;
        }
      default:
        {
          g_keys[wParam] = GL_TRUE;
          return 0;
        }
      };
    }

  case WM_KEYUP:
    {
      g_keys[wParam] = GL_FALSE;
      return 0;
    }

  default:
    break;
  }

  return (DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam));
} // end WndProc()


/*****************************************************************************
 SetupWindow()

 Create the window and everything else we need, including the device and
 rendering context. If a fullscreen window has been requested but can't be
 created, the user will be prompted to attempt windowed mode. Finally,
 InitializeScene is called for application-specific setup.

 Returns TRUE if everything goes well, or FALSE if an unrecoverable error
 occurs. Note that if this is called twice within a program, KillWindow needs
 to be called before subsequent calls to SetupWindow.
*****************************************************************************/
BOOL SetupWindow(const char *title, int width, int height, int bits, bool isFullscreen)
{
  // set the global flag
  g_isFullscreen = isFullscreen;

  // get our instance handle
  g_hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);

  WNDCLASSEX  wc;    // window class

  // fill out the window class structure
  wc.cbSize         = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
  wc.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC;
  wc.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
  wc.cbClsExtra     = 0;
  wc.cbWndExtra     = 0;
  wc.hInstance      = g_hInstance;
  wc.hIcon          = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);  // default icon
  wc.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO);      // windows logo small icon
  wc.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);      // default arrow
  wc.hbrBackground  = NULL;     // no background needed
  wc.lpszMenuName   = NULL;     // no menu
  wc.lpszClassName  = WND_CLASS_NAME;
  
  // register the windows class
  if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc))
  {
    MessageBox(NULL,"Unable to register the window class", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);

    // exit and return FALSE
    return FALSE;       
  }

  // if we're in fullscreen mode, set the display up for it
  if (g_isFullscreen)
  {
    // set up the device mode structure
    DEVMODE screenSettings;
    memset(&screenSettings,0,sizeof(screenSettings));

    screenSettings.dmSize       = sizeof(screenSettings);
    screenSettings.dmPelsWidth  = width;    // screen width
    screenSettings.dmPelsHeight = height;   // screen height
    screenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = bits;     // bits per pixel
    screenSettings.dmFields     = DM_BITSPERPEL | DM_PELSWIDTH | DM_PELSHEIGHT;

    // attempt to switch to the resolution and bit depth we've selected
    if (ChangeDisplaySettings(&screenSettings, CDS_FULLSCREEN) != DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL)
    {
      // if we can't get fullscreen, let them choose to quit or try windowed mode
      if (MessageBox(NULL, "Cannot run in the fullscreen mode at the selected resolution\n"
                           "on your video card. Try windowed mode instead?",
                           "OpenGL Game Programming",
                           MB_YESNO | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION) == IDYES)
      {
        g_isFullscreen = FALSE;
      }
      else
      {
        return FALSE;
      }
    }
  }

  DWORD dwExStyle;
  DWORD dwStyle;

  // set the window style appropriately, depending on whether we're in fullscreen mode
  if (g_isFullscreen)
  {
    dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW;
    dwStyle = WS_POPUP;           // simple window with no borders or title bar
    ShowCursor(FALSE);            // hide the cursor for now
  }
  else
  {
    dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW | WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE;
    dwStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
  }

  // set up the window we're rendering to so that the top left corner is at (0,0)
  // and the bottom right corner is (height,width)
  RECT  windowRect;
  windowRect.left = 0;
  windowRect.right = (LONG) width;
  windowRect.top = 0;
  windowRect.bottom = (LONG) height;

  // change the size of the rect to account for borders, etc. set by the style
  AdjustWindowRectEx(&windowRect, dwStyle, FALSE, dwExStyle);

  // class registered, so now create our window
  g_hwnd = CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle,          // extended style
                          WND_CLASS_NAME,     // class name
                          title,              // app name
                          dwStyle |           // window style
                          WS_CLIPCHILDREN |   // required for
                          WS_CLIPSIBLINGS,    // using OpenGL
                          0, 0,               // x,y coordinate
                          windowRect.right - windowRect.left, // width
                          windowRect.bottom - windowRect.top, // height
                          NULL,               // handle to parent
                          NULL,               // handle to menu
                          g_hInstance,        // application instance
                          NULL);              // no extra params

  // see if our window handle is valid
  if (!g_hwnd)
  {
    MessageBox(NULL, "Unable to create window", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
    return FALSE;
  }

  // get a device context
  if (!(g_hdc = GetDC(g_hwnd)))
  {
    MessageBox(NULL,"Unable to create device context", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
    return FALSE;
  }

  // set the pixel format we want
  PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd = {
    sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),  // size of structure
    1,                              // default version
    PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW |            // window drawing support
    PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL |            // OpenGL support
    PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER,               // double buffering support
    PFD_TYPE_RGBA,                  // RGBA color mode
    bits,                           // 32 bit color mode
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,               // ignore color bits, non-palettized mode
    0,                              // no alpha buffer
    0,                              // ignore shift bit
    0,                              // no accumulation buffer
    0, 0, 0, 0,                     // ignore accumulation bits
    16,                             // 16 bit z-buffer size
    0,                              // no stencil buffer
    0,                              // no auxiliary buffer
    PFD_MAIN_PLANE,                 // main drawing plane
    0,                              // reserved
    0, 0, 0 };                      // layer masks ignored
      
  GLuint  pixelFormat;

  // choose best matching pixel format
  if (!(pixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(g_hdc, &pfd)))
  {
    MessageBox(NULL, "Can't find an appropriate pixel format", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
    return FALSE;
  }

  // set pixel format to device context
  if(!SetPixelFormat(g_hdc, pixelFormat,&pfd))
  {
    MessageBox(NULL, "Unable to set pixel format", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
    return FALSE;
  }

  // create the OpenGL rendering context
  if (!(g_hrc = wglCreateContext(g_hdc)))
  {
    MessageBox(NULL, "Unable to create OpenGL rendering context", "Error",MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
    return FALSE;
  }

  // now make the rendering context the active one
  if(!wglMakeCurrent(g_hdc, g_hrc))
  {
    MessageBox(NULL,"Unable to activate OpenGL rendering context", "ERROR", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
    return FALSE;
  }

  // show the window in the forground, and set the keyboard focus to it
  ShowWindow(g_hwnd, SW_SHOW);
  SetForegroundWindow(g_hwnd);
  SetFocus(g_hwnd);

  // set up the perspective for the current screen size
  ResizeScene(width, height);

  // do one-time initialization
  if (!InitializeScene())
  {
    MessageBox(NULL, "Initialization failed", "Error", MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
    return FALSE;
  }

  return TRUE;
} // end SetupWindow()