readme

fortran并行计算包

		   README for MPD 1.0.0 - May, 2005


General
-------

MPD is a process management system for starting parallel jobs,
especially MPICH jobs.  Before running a job (with mpiexec), the
mpd daemons must be running on each host and connected into a ring.
This README explains how to do that and also test and manage the daemons 
after they have been started.

You need to have Python version 2.2 or later installed to run the mpd.
You can type

    which python

to make sure you have it installed, and 

    python

to find out what your version is.  The current version can be obtained
from  www.python.org.

Type 

    mpdhelp

for a list of mpd-related commands.  Each command can be run with the
--help argument for usage information.


How to use MPD
--------------

(Another version of these startup instructions can be found in the
mpich2/README at the top level of the MPICH2 distribution.)

You can start one mpd on the current host by running

   mpd &

This starts a ring of one mpd.  Other mpd's join the ring by being run
with host and port arguments for the first mpd.  You can automate this
process by using mpdboot.
 
Make a file with machine names in it.  This file may or may not include the
local machine.  It will be handy to use the default, which is ./mpd.hosts .

donner% cat ./mpd.hosts
donner.mcs.anl.gov
foo.mcs.anl.gov
shakey.mcs.anl.gov
terra.mcs.anl.gov
donner% 

After mpich is built, the mpd commands are in mpich2/bin, or the bin
subdirectory of the install directory if you have done an install.
You should put this (bin) directory in your PATH 
in your .cshrc or .bashrc, so that it will be picked up by the mpd's that
are started remotely:

Put in .cshrc:  setenv PATH /home/you/mpich2/bin:$PATH

Put in .bashrc: export PATH=/home/you/mpich2/bin:$PATH

To start some mpds, use mpdboot.  It uses the mpd.hosts file:

donner% mpdboot -n 4 
donner%

This command starts a total of 4 daemons, one on the local machine and the
rest on machines in the mpd.hosts file.  You can specify another file (-f) or
another mpd command (-m).  The mpdboot command uses ssh to start the mpd on
each machine in the mpd.hosts file.

You can use mpdtrace to see where your mpd's are running:

donner% mpdtrace
donner
foo
shakey
donner% 

You can run something with mpiexec

donner% mpiexec -np 2 hostname 
donner.mcs.anl.gov
foo.mcs.anl.gov
donner%

You can run an mpich2 job:

donner% mpiexec -np 10 /home/lusk/hellow
Hello world from process 0 of 10
Hello world from process 1 of 10
Hello world from process 2 of 10
Hello world from process 3 of 10
Hello world from process 4 of 10
Hello world from process 5 of 10
Hello world from process 6 of 10
Hello world from process 7 of 10
Hello world from process 9 of 10
Hello world from process 8 of 10
donner% 

You can take down the daemons:

donner% mpdallexit
donner%

If things go bad and daemons seem to be in a bad state, you can remove the
Unix sockets on all the machines in mpd.hosts by doing a cleanup:

donner% mpdcleanup


Parallel Debugging
----------------------------

There are at least 3 methods by which you may do parallel debugging
via mpd.

1.  MPD provides support for the totalview debugger via the -tv option to
mpiexec.  Of course you must have a licensed copy of totalview to use
this option.  Also, you must have configured with --enable-totalview.

2.  You can also start GUI debuggers such as ddd on each process that you
    execute, e.g.:
        mpiexec -n 2 ddd mypgm
This option is really only useful for small numbers of processes 
since you will create a window per process.

3.  This release also contains some specific support for using gdb to
debug parallel programs. It is an interactive option of mpiexec that
starts each application under the control of gdb and also (initially)
broadcasts each gdb command to all processes, merging identical output
from multiple processes into a single, labelled line.  It also adds
one extra command, the "z" command, which can be used to select a
process or range of proccesses for input to be directed to.  With no
arguments it reverts to broadcasting subsequent commands to all processes.
This capability can be seen in the following transcript of a session with
mpiexec debugging 10 processes.  After the breakpoint at line 30 and two
single steps, process 0 is selected ("z 0") and stepped once separately,
to synchronize it with the other processes just before the MPI_Bcast.
Then all processes are selected again ("z") and the next "n" steps them
all through the broadcast together.

Example of running  mpiexec with -gdb:

(magpie:52) % ./mpiexec.py -gdb -n 8 ~/mpich2/examples/cpi
0-7:  (gdb) l 36
0-7:  31	
0-7:  32	    fprintf(stdout,"Process %d of %d is on %s\n",
0-7:  33		    myid, numprocs, processor_name);
0-7:  34	    fflush(stdout);
0-7:  35	
0-7:  36	    n = 10000;			/* default # of rectangles */
0-7:  37	    if (myid == 0)
0-7:  38		startwtime = MPI_Wtime();
0-7:  39	
0-7:  40	    MPI_Bcast(&n, 1, MPI_INT, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
0-7:  (gdb) b 36
0-7:  Breakpoint 2 at 0x80493ac: file cpi.c, line 36.
0-7:  (gdb) r
0-7:  Continuing.
0:  Process 0 of 8 is on magpie
1:  Process 1 of 8 is on magpie
2:  Process 2 of 8 is on magpie
3:  Process 3 of 8 is on magpie
4:  Process 4 of 8 is on magpie
5:  Process 5 of 8 is on magpie
6:  Process 6 of 8 is on magpie
7:  Process 7 of 8 is on magpie
0-7:  
1:  Breakpoint 2, main (argc=1, argv=0xbfffe914) at cpi.c:36
2:  Breakpoint 2, main (argc=1, argv=0xbfffe894) at cpi.c:36
3:  Breakpoint 2, main (argc=1, argv=0xbfffe814) at cpi.c:36
4:  Breakpoint 2, main (argc=1, argv=0xbfffe794) at cpi.c:36
5:  Breakpoint 2, main (argc=1, argv=0xbfffe714) at cpi.c:36
6:  Breakpoint 2, main (argc=1, argv=0xbfffe694) at cpi.c:36
7:  Breakpoint 2, main (argc=1, argv=0xbfffe614) at cpi.c:36
0:  Breakpoint 2, main (argc=1, argv=0xbfffe994) at cpi.c:36
0-7:  36	    n = 10000;			/* default # of rectangles */
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  37	    if (myid == 0)
0-7:  (gdb) n
0:  38		startwtime = MPI_Wtime();
1-7:  40	    MPI_Bcast(&n, 1, MPI_INT, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
0-7:  (gdb) z 0
0:  (gdb) n
0:  40	    MPI_Bcast(&n, 1, MPI_INT, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
0:  (gdb) z
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  42	    h   = 1.0 / (double) n;
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  43	    sum = 0.0;
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  45	    for (i = myid + 1; i <= n; i += numprocs)
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  47		x = h * ((double)i - 0.5);
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  48		sum += f(x);
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  45	    for (i = myid + 1; i <= n; i += numprocs)
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  47		x = h * ((double)i - 0.5);
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  48		sum += f(x);
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  45	    for (i = myid + 1; i <= n; i += numprocs)
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  47		x = h * ((double)i - 0.5);
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  48		sum += f(x);
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  45	    for (i = myid + 1; i <= n; i += numprocs)
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  47		x = h * ((double)i - 0.5);
0-7:  (gdb) n
0-7:  48		sum += f(x);
0-7:  (gdb) p sum
0:  $1 = 11.999986210031736
1:  $1 = 11.999984050040775
2:  $1 = 11.999981650051732
3:  $1 = 11.999979010064893
4:  $1 = 11.999976130080572
5:  $1 = 11.999973010099122
6:  $1 = 11.999969650120912
7:  $1 = 11.999966050146345
0-7:  (gdb) c
0-7:  Continuing.
0:  pi is approximately 3.1415926544231247, Error is 0.0000000008333316
1-7:  
1-7:  Program exited normally.
1-7:  (gdb) 0:  wall clock time = 50.726732
0:  
0:  Program exited normally.
0:  (gdb) q
0-7:  MPIGDB ENDING
(magpie:53) %