basic_ios.h

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// Iostreams base classes -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003 
// Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
// with this library; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
// Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
// USA.

// As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software
// library without restriction.  Specifically, if other files instantiate
// templates or use macros or inline functions from this file, or you compile
// this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this
// file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by
// the GNU General Public License.  This exception does not however
// invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by
// the GNU General Public License.

/** @file basic_ios.h
 *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
 *  You should not attempt to use it directly.
 */

#ifndef _CPP_BITS_BASICIOS_H
#define _CPP_BITS_BASICIOS_H 1

#pragma GCC system_header

#include <bits/streambuf_iterator.h>
#include <bits/localefwd.h>
#include <bits/locale_classes.h>
#include <bits/locale_facets.h>

namespace std 
{
  // 27.4.5  Template class basic_ios
  /**
   *  @brief  Virtual base class for all stream classes.
   *
   *  Most of the member functions called dispatched on stream objects
   *  (e.g., @c std::cout.foo(bar);) are consolidated in this class.
  */
  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits>
    class basic_ios : public ios_base
    {
    public:
      //@{
      /**
       *  These are standard types.  They permit a standardized way of
       *  referring to names of (or names dependant on) the template
       *  parameters, which are specific to the implementation.
      */
      typedef _CharT                                 char_type;
      typedef typename _Traits::int_type             int_type;
      typedef typename _Traits::pos_type             pos_type;
      typedef typename _Traits::off_type             off_type;
      typedef _Traits                                traits_type;
      //@}

      //@{
      /**
       *  @if maint
       *  These are non-standard types.
       *  @endif
      */
      typedef ctype<_CharT>                          __ctype_type;
      typedef ostreambuf_iterator<_CharT, _Traits>   __ostreambuf_iter;
      typedef num_put<_CharT, __ostreambuf_iter>     __numput_type;
      typedef istreambuf_iterator<_CharT, _Traits>   __istreambuf_iter;
      typedef num_get<_CharT, __istreambuf_iter>     __numget_type;
      //@}

      friend void ios_base::Init::_S_ios_create(bool);
      
      // Data members:
    protected:
      basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>*                _M_tie;
      mutable char_type                              _M_fill;
      mutable bool                                   _M_fill_init;
      basic_streambuf<_CharT, _Traits>*              _M_streambuf;

      // Cached use_facet<ctype>, which is based on the current locale info.
      const __ctype_type*                            _M_fctype;      
      // From ostream.
      const __numput_type*                           _M_fnumput;
      // From istream.
      const __numget_type*                           _M_fnumget;

    public:
      //@{
      /**
       *  @brief  The quick-and-easy status check.
       *
       *  This allows you to write constructs such as
       *  "if (!a_stream) ..." and "while (a_stream) ..."
      */
      operator void*() const 
      { return this->fail() ? 0 : const_cast<basic_ios*>(this); }

      bool 
      operator!() const 
      { return this->fail(); }
      //@}

      /**
       *  @brief  Returns the error state of the stream buffer.
       *  @return  A bit pattern (well, isn't everything?)
       *
       *  See std::ios_base::iostate for the possible bit values.  Most
       *  users will call one of the interpreting wrappers, e.g., good().
      */
      iostate 
      rdstate() const 
      { return _M_streambuf_state; }

      /**
       *  @brief  [Re]sets the error state.
       *  @param  state  The new state flag(s) to set.
       *
       *  See std::ios_base::iostate for the possible bit values.  Most
       *  users will not need to pass an argument.
      */
      void 
      clear(iostate __state = goodbit);

      /**
       *  @brief  Sets additional flags in the error state.
       *  @param  state  The additional state flag(s) to set.
       *
       *  See std::ios_base::iostate for the possible bit values.
      */
      void 
      setstate(iostate __state) 
      { this->clear(this->rdstate() | __state); }

      // Flip the internal state on for the proper state bits, then re
      // throws the propagated exception if bit also set in
      // exceptions().
      void
      _M_setstate(iostate __state) 
      { 
	// 27.6.1.2.1 Common requirements.
	// Turn this on without causing an ios::failure to be thrown.
	_M_streambuf_state |= __state; 
	if (this->exceptions() & __state)
	  __throw_exception_again;
      }

      /**
       *  @brief  Fast error checking.
       *  @return  True if no error flags are set.
       *
       *  A wrapper around rdstate.
      */
      bool 
      good() const 
      { return this->rdstate() == 0; }

      /**
       *  @brief  Fast error checking.
       *  @return  True if the eofbit is set.
       *
       *  Note that other iostate flags may also be set.
      */
      bool 
      eof() const 
      { return (this->rdstate() & eofbit) != 0; }

      /**
       *  @brief  Fast error checking.
       *  @return  True if either the badbit or the failbit is set.
       *
       *  Checking the badbit in fail() is historical practice.
       *  Note that other iostate flags may also be set.
      */
      bool 
      fail() const 
      { return (this->rdstate() & (badbit | failbit)) != 0; }

      /**
       *  @brief  Fast error checking.
       *  @return  True if the badbit is set.
       *
       *  Note that other iostate flags may also be set.
      */
      bool 
      bad() const 
      { return (this->rdstate() & badbit) != 0; }

      /**
       *  @brief  Throwing exceptions on errors.
       *  @return  The current exceptions mask.
       *
       *  This changes nothing in the stream.  See the one-argument version
       *  of exceptions(iostate) for the meaning of the return value.
      */
      iostate 
      exceptions() const 
      { return _M_exception; }

      /**
       *  @brief  Throwing exceptions on errors.
       *  @param  except  The new exceptions mask.
       *
       *  By default, error flags are set silently.  You can set an
       *  exceptions mask for each stream; if a bit in the mask becomes set
       *  in the error flags, then an exception of type
       *  std::ios_base::failure is thrown.
       *
       *  If the error flage is already set when the exceptions mask is
       *  added, the exception is immediately thrown.  Try running the
       *  following under GCC 3.1 or later:
       *  @code
       *  #include <iostream>
       *  #include <fstream>
       *  #include <exception>
       *  
       *  int main()
       *  {
       *      std::set_terminate (__gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler);
       *  
       *      std::ifstream f ("/etc/motd");
       *  
       *      std::cerr << "Setting badbit\n";
       *      f.setstate (std::ios_base::badbit);
       *  
       *      std::cerr << "Setting exception mask\n";
       *      f.exceptions (std::ios_base::badbit);
       *  }
       *  @endcode
      */
      void 
      exceptions(iostate __except) 
      { 
        _M_exception = __except; 
        this->clear(_M_streambuf_state); 
      }

      // Constructor/destructor:
      /**
       *  @brief  Constructor performs initialization.
       *
       *  The parameter is passed by derived streams.
      */
      explicit 
      basic_ios(basic_streambuf<_CharT, _Traits>* __sb) 
      : ios_base(), _M_fctype(0), _M_fnumput(0), _M_fnumget(0)
      { this->init(__sb); }

      /**
       *  @brief  Empty.
       *
       *  The destructor does nothing.  More specifically, it does not
       *  destroy the streambuf held by rdbuf().
      */
      virtual 
      ~basic_ios() { }
      
      // Members:
      /**
       *  @brief  Fetches the current @e tied stream.
       *  @return  A pointer to the tied stream, or NULL if the stream is
       *           not tied.
       *
       *  A stream may be @e tied (or synchronized) to a second output
       *  stream.  When this stream performs any I/O, the tied stream is
       *  first flushed.  For example, @c std::cin is tied to @c std::cout.
      */
      basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>*
      tie() const      
      { return _M_tie; }

      /**
       *  @brief  Ties this stream to an output stream.
       *  @param  tiestr  The output stream.
       *  @return  The previously tied output stream, or NULL if the stream
       *           was not tied.
       *
       *  This sets up a new tie; see tie() for more.
      */
      basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>*
      tie(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>* __tiestr)
      {
        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>* __old = _M_tie;
        _M_tie = __tiestr;
        return __old;
      }

      /**
       *  @brief  Accessing the underlying buffer.
       *  @return  The current stream buffer.
       *
       *  This does not change the state of the stream.
      */
      basic_streambuf<_CharT, _Traits>*
      rdbuf() const    
      { return _M_streambuf; }

      /**
       *  @brief  Changing the underlying buffer.
       *  @param  sb  The new stream buffer.
       *  @return  The previous stream buffer.
       *
       *  Associates a new buffer with the current stream, and clears the
       *  error state.
       *
       *  Due to historical accidents which the LWG refuses to correct, the
       *  I/O library suffers from a design error:  this function is hidden
       *  in derived classes by overrides of the zero-argument @c rdbuf(),
       *  which is non-virtual for hysterical raisins.  As a result, you
       *  must use explicit qualifications to access this function via any
       *  derived class.
      */
      basic_streambuf<_CharT, _Traits>* 
      rdbuf(basic_streambuf<_CharT, _Traits>* __sb);

      /**
       *  @doctodo
      */
      basic_ios&
      copyfmt(const basic_ios& __rhs);

      /**
       *  @brief  Retreives the "empty" character.
       *  @return  The current fill character.
       *
       *  It defaults to a space (' ') in the current locale.
      */
      char_type 
      fill() const 
      {
	if (!_M_fill_init)
	  {
	    _M_fill = this->widen(' ');
	    _M_fill_init = true;
	  }
	return _M_fill; 
      }

      /**
       *  @brief  Sets a new "empty" character.
       *  @param  ch  The new character.
       *  @return  The previous fill character.
       *
       *  The fill character is used to fill out space when P+ characters
       *  have been requested (e.g., via setw), Q characters are actually
       *  used, and Q<P.  It defaults to a space (' ') in the current locale.
      */
      char_type 
      fill(char_type __ch)
      {
	char_type __old = this->fill();
	_M_fill = __ch;
	return __old;
      }

      // Locales:
      /**
       *  @brief  Moves to a new locale.
       *  @param  loc  The new locale.
       *  @return  The previous locale.
       *
       *  Calls @c ios_base::imbue(loc), and if a stream buffer is associated
       *  with this stream, calls that buffer's @c pubimbue(loc).
       *
       *  Additional l10n notes are at
       *  http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/22_locale/howto.html
      */
      locale 
      imbue(const locale& __loc);

      /**
       *  @brief  Squeezes characters.
       *  @param  c  The character to narrow.
       *  @param  dfault  The character to narrow.
       *  @return  The narrowed character.
       *
       *  Maps a character of @c char_type to a character of @c char,
       *  if possible.
       *
       *  Returns the result of
       *  @code
       *    std::use_facet< ctype<char_type> >(getloc()).narrow(c,dfault)
       *  @endcode
       *
       *  Additional l10n notes are at
       *  http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/22_locale/howto.html
      */
      char 
      narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const;

      /**
       *  @brief  Widens characters.
       *  @param  c  The character to widen.
       *  @return  The widened character.
       *
       *  Maps a character of @c char to a character of @c char_type.
       *
       *  Returns the result of
       *  @code
       *    std::use_facet< ctype<char_type> >(getloc()).widen(c)
       *  @endcode
       *
       *  Additional l10n notes are at
       *  http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/22_locale/howto.html
      */
      char_type 
      widen(char __c) const;
     
    protected:
      // 27.4.5.1  basic_ios constructors
      /**
       *  @brief  Empty.
       *
       *  The default constructor does nothing and is not normally
       *  accessible to users.
      */
      basic_ios() : ios_base() 
      { }

      /**
       *  @brief  All setup is performed here.
       *
       *  This is called from the public constructor.  It is not virtual and
       *  cannot be redefined.  The second argument, __cache, is used
       *  to initialize the standard streams without allocating
       *  memory.
      */
      void 
      init(basic_streambuf<_CharT, _Traits>* __sb);

      bool
      _M_check_facet(const locale::facet* __f) const
      {
	if (!__f)
	  __throw_bad_cast();
	return true;
      }

      void
      _M_cache_locale(const locale& __loc);

#if 1
      // XXX GLIBCXX_ABI Deprecated, compatibility only.
      void
      _M_cache_facets(const locale& __loc);
#endif
    };
} // namespace std

#ifdef _GLIBCPP_NO_TEMPLATE_EXPORT
# define export
#include <bits/basic_ios.tcc>
#endif

#endif /* _CPP_BITS_BASICIOS_H */