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turbo c

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; return 0;
<BR>}
<BR>&nbsp;
<BR>&nbsp;
<BR>&nbsp;

<P>函数名: setmode
<BR>功&nbsp; 能: 设置打开文件方式
<BR>用&nbsp; 法: int setmode(int handle, unsigned mode);
<BR>程序例:

<P>#include &lt;stdio.h>
<BR>#include &lt;fcntl.h>
<BR>#include &lt;io.h>

<P>int main(void)
<BR>{
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int result;

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; result = setmode(fileno(stdprn), O_TEXT);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; if (result == -1)
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; perror("Mode not available\n");
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; else
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("Mode successfully switched\n");
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; return 0;
<BR>}
<BR>&nbsp;
<BR>&nbsp;
<BR>&nbsp;

<P>函数名: setpalette
<BR>功&nbsp; 能: 改变调色板的颜色
<BR>用&nbsp; 法: void far setpalette(int index, int actural_color);
<BR>程序例:

<P>#include &lt;graphics.h>
<BR>#include &lt;stdlib.h>
<BR>#include &lt;stdio.h>
<BR>#include &lt;conio.h>

<P>int main(void)
<BR>{
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* request auto detection */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int color, maxcolor, ht;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int y = 10;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; char msg[80];

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* initialize graphics and local variables */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; initgraph(&amp;gdriver, &amp;gmode, "");

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* read result of initialization */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; errorcode = graphresult();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; if (errorcode != grOk)&nbsp; /* an error occurred */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; {
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("Press any key to halt:");
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; getch();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; exit(1); /* terminate with an error
code */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; }

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; maxcolor = getmaxcolor();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; ht = 2 * textheight("W");

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* display the default colors */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; for (color=1; color&lt;=maxcolor; color++)
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; {
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; setcolor(color);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sprintf(msg, "Color: %d", color);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; outtextxy(1, y, msg);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; y += ht;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; }

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* wait for a key */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; getch();

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* black out the colors one by one */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; for (color=1; color&lt;=maxcolor; color++)
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; {
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; setpalette(color, BLACK);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; getch();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; }

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* clean up */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; closegraph();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; return 0;
<BR>}
<BR>&nbsp;
<BR>&nbsp;

<P>函数名: setrgbpalette
<BR>功&nbsp; 能: 定义IBM8514图形卡的颜色
<BR>用&nbsp; 法: void far setrgbpalette(int colornum, int red, int green,
int blue);
<BR>程序例:

<P>#include &lt;graphics.h>
<BR>#include &lt;stdlib.h>
<BR>#include &lt;stdio.h>
<BR>#include &lt;conio.h>

<P>int main(void)
<BR>{
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* select a driver and mode that supports the use */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* of the setrgbpalette function.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
*/
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int gdriver = VGA, gmode = VGAHI, errorcode;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; struct palettetype pal;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int i, ht, y, xmax;

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* initialize graphics and local variables */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; initgraph(&amp;gdriver, &amp;gmode, "");

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* read result of initialization */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; errorcode = graphresult();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; if (errorcode != grOk)&nbsp; /* an error occurred */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; {
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("Press any key to halt:");
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; getch();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; exit(1); /* terminate with an error
code */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; }

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* grab a copy of the palette */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; getpalette(&amp;pal);

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* create gray scale */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; for (i=0; i&lt;pal.size; i++)
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; setrgbpalette(pal.colors[i], i*4, i*4,
i*4);

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* display the gray scale */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; ht = getmaxy() / 16;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; xmax = getmaxx();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; y = 0;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; for (i=0; i&lt;pal.size; i++)
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; {
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, i);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; bar(0, y, xmax, y+ht);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; y += ht;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; }

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* clean up */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; getch();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; closegraph();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; return 0;
<BR>}
<BR>&nbsp;
<BR>&nbsp;
<BR>&nbsp;

<P>函数名: settextjustify
<BR>功&nbsp; 能: 为图形函数设置文本的对齐方式
<BR>用&nbsp; 法: void far settextjustify(int horiz, int vert);
<BR>程序例:

<P>#include &lt;graphics.h>
<BR>#include &lt;stdlib.h>
<BR>#include &lt;stdio.h>
<BR>#include &lt;conio.h>

<P>/* function prototype */
<BR>void xat(int x, int y);

<P>/* horizontal text justification settings */
<BR>char *hjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
"CENTER_TEXT",
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
"RIGHT_TEXT"
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
};

<P>/* vertical text justification settings */
<BR>char *vjust[] = { "LEFT_TEXT",
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "CENTER_TEXT",
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; "RIGHT_TEXT"
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
};

<P>int main(void)
<BR>{
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* request auto detection */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int midx, midy, hj, vj;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; char msg[80];

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* initialize graphics and local variables */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; initgraph(&amp;gdriver, &amp;gmode, "");

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* read result of initialization */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; errorcode = graphresult();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; if (errorcode != grOk)&nbsp; /* an error occurred */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; {
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("Press any key to halt:");
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; getch();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; exit(1); /* terminate with an error
code */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; }

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; midx = getmaxx() / 2;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; midy = getmaxy() / 2;

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* loop through text justifications */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; for (hj=LEFT_TEXT; hj&lt;=RIGHT_TEXT; hj++)
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for (vj=LEFT_TEXT; vj&lt;=RIGHT_TEXT;
vj++)
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cleardevice();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* set the text justification
*/
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; settextjustify(hj,
vj);

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* create a message
string */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sprintf(msg, "%s&nbsp;
%s", hjust[hj], vjust[vj]);

<P>&nbsp; /* create cross hairs on the screen */
<BR>&nbsp; xat(midx, midy);

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* output the message
*/
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; outtextxy(midx, midy,
msg);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; getch();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* clean up */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; closegraph();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; return 0;
<BR>}

<P>/* draw an "x" at (x, y) */
<BR>void xat(int x, int y)
<BR>{
<BR>&nbsp; line(x-4, y, x+4, y);
<BR>&nbsp; line(x, y-4, x, y+4);
<BR>}
<BR>&nbsp;
<BR>&nbsp;

<P>函数名: settextstyle
<BR>功&nbsp; 能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
<BR>用&nbsp; 法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
<BR>程序例:

<P>#include &lt;graphics.h>
<BR>#include &lt;stdlib.h>
<BR>#include &lt;stdio.h>
<BR>#include &lt;conio.h>

<P>/* the names of the text styles supported */
<BR>char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
"TRIPLEX font",
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
"SMALL font",
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
"SANS SERIF font",
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
"GOTHIC font"
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
};

<P>int main(void)
<BR>{
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* request auto detection */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int style, midx, midy;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int size = 1;

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* initialize graphics and local variables */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; initgraph(&amp;gdriver, &amp;gmode, "");

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* read result of initialization */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; errorcode = graphresult();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; if (errorcode != grOk)&nbsp; /* an error occurred */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; {
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("Press any key to halt:");
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; getch();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; exit(1); /* terminate with an error
code */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; }

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; midx = getmaxx() / 2;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; midy = getmaxy() / 2;

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* loop through the available text styles */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style&lt;=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; {
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cleardevice();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; size = 4;

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* select the text style */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size);

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* output a message */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; getch();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; }

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* clean up */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; closegraph();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; return 0;
<BR>}
<BR>&nbsp;
<BR>&nbsp;

<P>函数名: settextstyle
<BR>功&nbsp; 能: 为图形输出设置当前的文本属性
<BR>用&nbsp; 法: void far settextstyle (int font, int direction, char size);
<BR>程序例:

<P>#include &lt;graphics.h>
<BR>#include &lt;stdlib.h>
<BR>#include &lt;stdio.h>
<BR>#include &lt;conio.h>

<P>/* the names of the text styles supported */
<BR>char *fname[] = { "DEFAULT font",
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
"TRIPLEX font",
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
"SMALL font",
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
"SANS SERIF font",
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
"GOTHIC font"
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
};

<P>int main(void)
<BR>{
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* request auto detection */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int style, midx, midy;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int size = 1;

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* initialize graphics and local variables */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; initgraph(&amp;gdriver, &amp;gmode, "");

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* read result of initialization */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; errorcode = graphresult();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; if (errorcode != grOk)&nbsp; /* an error occurred */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; {
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("Graphics error: %s\n", grapherrormsg(errorcode));
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("Press any key to halt:");
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; getch();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; exit(1); /* terminate with an error
code */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; }

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; midx = getmaxx() / 2;
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; midy = getmaxy() / 2;

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* loop through the available text styles */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; for (style=DEFAULT_FONT; style&lt;=GOTHIC_FONT; style++)
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; {
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cleardevice();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if (style == TRIPLEX_FONT)
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; size = 4;

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* select the text style */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; settextstyle(style, HORIZ_DIR, size);

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* output a message */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; outtextxy(midx, midy, fname[style]);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; getch();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; }

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; /* clean up */
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; closegraph();
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; return 0;
<BR>}
<BR>&nbsp;
<BR>&nbsp;

<P>函数名: settime
<BR>功&nbsp; 能: 设置系统时间
<BR>用&nbsp; 法: void settime(struct time *timep);
<BR>程序例:

<P>#include &lt;stdio.h>
<BR>#include &lt;dos.h>

<P>int main(void)
<BR>{
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; struct&nbsp; time t;

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp; gettime(&amp;t);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("The current minute is: %d\n", t.ti_min);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("The current hour is: %d\n", t.ti_hour);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("The current hundredth of a second is: %d\n", t.ti_hund);
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("The current second is: %d\n", t.ti_sec);