📄 详细解说 stl 排序(sort) -- stlsortalgorithms.htm
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<H3><A name="3 选择合适的排序函数"></A>3 选择合适的排序函数 </H3>
<HR>
为什么要选择合适的排序函数？可能你并不关心效率(这里的效率指的是程序运行时间), 或者说你的数据量很小， 因此你觉得随便用哪个函数都无关紧要。
<P>其实不然，即使你不关心效率，如果你选择合适的排序函数，你会让你的代码更容易让人明白，你会让你的代码更有扩充性，逐渐养成一个良好的习惯，很重要吧 <IMG
title=smile alt=smile
src="详细解说 STL 排序(Sort) -- STLSortAlgorithms.files/smile.gif" border=0> 。
<P>如果你以前有用过C语言中的qsort,
想知道qsort和他们的比较，那我告诉你，qsort和sort是一样的，因为他们采用的都是快速排序。从效率上看，以下几种sort算法的是一个排序，效率由高到低（耗时由小变大）：
<OL>
<LI>partion
<LI>stable_partition
<LI>nth_element
<LI>partial_sort
<LI>sort
<LI>stable_sort </LI></OL>记得，以前翻译过Effective STL的文章，其中对<A
href="http://stl.winterxy.com/html/000026.html" target=_top>如何选择排序函数</A>总结的很好：
<UL>
<LI>若需对vector, string, deque, 或 array容器进行全排序，你可选择sort或stable_sort；
<LI>若只需对vector, string, deque, 或 array容器中取得top n的元素，部分排序partial_sort是首选.
<LI>若对于vector, string, deque, 或array容器，你需要找到第n个位置的元素或者你需要得到top n且不关系top
n中的内部顺序，nth_element是最理想的；
<LI>若你需要从标准序列容器或者array中把满足某个条件或者不满足某个条件的元素分开，你最好使用partition或stable_partition；
<LI>若使用的list容器，你可以直接使用partition和stable_partition算法，你可以使用list::sort代替sort和stable_sort排序。若你需要得到partial_sort或nth_element的排序效果，你必须间接使用。正如上面介绍的有几种方式可以选择。
</LI></UL>总之记住一句话： <STRONG>如果你想节约时间，不要走弯路, 也不要走多余的路!</STRONG>
<H3><A name="4 小结"></A>4 小结 </H3>
<HR>
讨论技术就像个无底洞，经常容易由一点可以引申另外无数个技术点。因此需要从全局的角度来观察问题，就像观察STL中的sort算法一样。其实在STL还有make_heap,
sort_heap等排序算法。本文章没有提到。本文以实例的方式，解释了STL中排序算法的特性，并总结了在实际情况下应如何选择合适的算法。
<P>
<H3><A name="5 参考文档"></A>5 参考文档 </H3><A
href="http://stl.winterxy.com/html/000026.html" target=_top>条款31：如何选择排序函数</A>
<BR><A href="http://www.cuj.com/documents/s=7992/cujcexp1908austern/"
target=_top>The Standard Librarian: Sorting in the Standard Library</A> <BR><A
href="http://www.stlchina.org/documents/EffectiveSTL/index.html"
target=_top>Effective STL中文版</A> <BR><A href="http://www.stlchina.org/stl_doc/"
target=_top>Standard Template Library Programmer's Guide</A>
<P>
<P>
<HR>
<A name=MyNote1></A><STRONG>注1</STRONG> 本文此处最初有错误，由<A
href="mailto:freeespeech@gmail.com">owen nirvana</A>提醒，表示感谢。
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