单相半波整流电路图.ewb

Multisim2001软件的仿真电路实例261例

Electronics Workbench Circuit File
Version: 5
Charset: ANSI
Description: 
"单相半波整流电路图" 
"        电子电路中的各类电子器件，需要直流供电，但对电力网来说，为了便于电力的输送和分配，都采用交流供电。这样，就有一个把交流电变换为直流电的问题。这一任务由整流电路来完成。为了使电子电路工作稳定，供电电压的稳定是很必要的。故在直流供电电源中，采用各种稳压电路。在许多情况下，一个电子设备需要多个不同极性不同数值的直流电压，是将交流市电直接整流成某一适当值的直流电，然后将这直流电变换成高频交流电，利用变压器变换成不同值的交流电，再整流成多种电压值的直流电。完成这种变换的电路称为直流变换电路，采用直流变换电路，而不直接由交流市电网获得多种电压值的直流电的主要优点是：直流变换器中第二次变压和整流在较高的频率进行，因而变压器和滤波器的体积大为减小，特别是在需要的直流电压值甚高时，这一优点更为突出。" 
"        整流的基本工作原理是利用电子器件的单向导电特性，将具有正负两个极性的交流电能变换成只有一个极性的电能。变换后的电极性电能仍有脉动，通常称为纹波，将脉动的单极性电能通过滤波器，使纹波减小，就得到比较平滑的直流电。整流电路有单相整流和三相整流。三相整流通常应用在大功率场合（几千瓦以上），在晶体管电路中应用较少。单相整流有半波整流、全波整流、桥式整流和倍压整流等。" 
"        图中电源变压器T的作用是将电网的交流电压变换至整流电路所需的数值，它的初级和交流电网相连接。VD为整流元件——晶体二极管，RL为负载。" 
"        在变压器次级电压的某一半周期间，a端为正，b端为负（称其为正半周），二极管VD被加上正向电压而导通，电流流过负载RL。在负半周期间，a端为负，b端为正，二极管VD被加上反向电压而不导通，负载上没有电流。可见，由于二极管的单向导电作用，只有一个方向的电流流过负载电阻RL。若略去二极管VD的起始导通电压（即设此电压为0V），当输入交流电源电压为正弦波时，负载上的电压UL将是半个正弦波，半波整流即由此得名。负载上的半波电压的平均值即整流电压的直流值。" 
"	" 

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