---model7-grafiek.nlogo

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WHAT IS IT?
-----------
Make a bunch of turtles en have them walk around, at every (time-)step they lose some energy. They gain some energy every time they come across one of the green patches.

The wellbeing of the turtles depends on how much they eat. Some foods are better than others but not all turtles know about these foods. Only a very small proportion is born with this knowledge but in a group of communicating turtles the others can learn this too.

One could argue that language is neither neccesary or useful to communicate about what to eat and how to eat it. 'Dont tell me, show me' is more likely and we probably have to be shown a number of times before we remember how to do something. 
However language is the only way (save for drawing and acting) we can communicate about things that are not present. Say what to do when running in to a large predator (not to run). 

Well, the coloured patches dont have to be food, they could be just a situation in which a agent with certain knowlegde can benefit more than a agent without it.
Another thing is that language can be used to keep the information within the group. Drawings can be read by anyone but language is only understood by the people that know it. 


HOW IT WORKS
------------
*life and death
Agents are hatched inheriting only their parents breed, talker or silent
When they run out of energy or reach the maximum age, the agents die.

*communication
At every time-step the communicators will pick one thing they know of and communicate this to the turtles around them. As a result the others will be able to eat the food they now learned about.
They also communicate to their offspring. The knowledge-transfer variable determines the probability for every single bit of parental know-how being dispensed to the offspring.

*feeding
When the turtles that know are at a patch with the food they know of, they get more energy.

*patches
The user defines the rate at which food is added to the environment. Every patch has the probability of (replace-rate/1000) of being filled with food. 

*the walkabout
The turtles walk around according to levi flight. Foraging animals and foraging optimised agents, regardsless of their implementation (genetic algorithms, NN) do the levi flight.
The probability of a step of lenghth l is P(l):
P(l) = 1/z * 1/l^mu
z is a normalizing constant. 
mu is a value between 1 and 3. For this model i have taken 1/mu= 0.3. 

The turns are just random.

HOW TO USE IT
-------------
SETUP_BUTTONS:
+ replace-rate-regular: replace rate of the regular food
+ replace-rate-special: replace rate of the special food
+ no things: the number of types of food: there is always 1 type, the regular.
+ no-turtles: number of turtles in the model. The number of turtles the model will eventually settle down to wil depend on its size and on the amount of food.
+ p-communicators: the initial probability of a turtle being a talker
+ p-knowhow: probability, per bit of knowledge, of a turtle knowing something
+ knowledge-transfer: the probability for every single bit of parental know-how being dispensed to the offspring

DISPLAY:
+ flip: every time the flip-button is pressed it colours all turtles with a 1 in a different knowledge-slot in a different colour then the turtles that have a 0 in that particular knowledge-slot.
+ colour-off: colours all turtles the same
+ show-values: shows the current values for some interesting properties (like the number of agents knowing about food type x)

ELATED MODELS
------------------
test_model3 - Has a different refill strategy for the food. For the special stuff, only refills when the amount of food drops below a certain threshold, but always refills the refill-rate quantity. Both the special and the regular foods are only ever placed on empty patches.
test_model4 - Has a different refill strategy for the food. The special food is only refilled if it drops below a threshold and is only ever refilled up to that threshold or less (if the difference is larger than the refill rate). Both the special and the regular foods are only ever placed on empty patches.
test_model5a - The refill-procedure for the special foods is only executed if the amount of special food drops below a certain threshold.
test_model5b - Is the same as this one except for some initialization values, the amount of special food distributed in the environment is large, same as in th earlier models with the thresholds. So the environment is instatiated with a the special food distribution procedure run only twice, and the regular food distribution run 27 times.
test_model5c -exactely the same as this model, only without the diagnostic tool for finding out how much the turtles eat of the different food types.

CREDITS AND REFERENCES
----------------------
Environment:
The algorithm for putting food in the environment is taken from the Rabbits Grass Weeds model.
Copyright 1998 by Uri Wilensky.  All rights reserved.  See
; http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/RabbitsGrassWeeds
; for terms of use.

Levi-flight
see:
Universal Properties of Adaptive Behaviour
Michel van Dartel Eric Postma Jaap van den Herik
IKAT, Universiteit Maastricht, P.O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht

But the idea (mine and probably theirs too) comes from a talk at the BNAIS conference in Utrecht some years ago, 2001?
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NetLogo 2.1.0
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