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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Draft//EN"><HTML><HEAD><meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"><TITLE>GTK导引: Menu物件</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><A HREF="gtk_tut-13.html" tppabs="http://extend.hk.hi.cn/%7ehusuyu/http/beginner/gtk/gtk_tut-13.html"><IMG SRC="prev.gif" tppabs="http://extend.hk.hi.cn/%7ehusuyu/http/beginner/gtk/prev.gif" ALT="Previous"></A><A HREF="gtk_tut-15.html" tppabs="http://extend.hk.hi.cn/%7ehusuyu/http/beginner/gtk/gtk_tut-15.html"><IMG SRC="next.gif" tppabs="http://extend.hk.hi.cn/%7ehusuyu/http/beginner/gtk/next.gif" ALT="Next"></A><A HREF="gtk_tut.html#toc14" tppabs="http://extend.hk.hi.cn/%7ehusuyu/http/beginner/gtk/gtk_tut.html#toc14"><IMG SRC="toc.gif" tppabs="http://extend.hk.hi.cn/%7ehusuyu/http/beginner/gtk/toc.gif" ALT="Contents"></A><HR><H2><A NAME="s14">14. Menu物件</A></H2><P>有两种方式来产生选单物件, 一种简单的, 一种难的.两种各有其用途, 但您可以用menu_factory(简单的).难的方法是一个一个产生.简单的是用gtk_menu_factory这个简单多了, 但各有其优劣之处.<P>menufactory很好用, 虽然另外写一些函数, 以手动函数来产生这些选单会比较有用.不过, 以menufactory, 也是可以加影像到选单中.<P><H2><A NAME="ss14.1">14.1 Manual Menu Creation</A></H2><P>在教学的目的上, 我们先来看看难的方法.<CODE>:)</CODE><P>先看看产生选单的函数. 第一个当然是产生一个新的选单.<P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>GtkWidget *gtk_menu_bar_new()</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P然後用gtk_container_add来包入视窗中,或是box_pack函数来包入box中 - 跟按钮一样.<P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>GtkWidget *gtk_menu_new();</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P>这个函数返回一个新的选单, 它还不会显示.<P>以下两个函数是用来产生选单项目.<P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>GtkWidget *gtk_menu_item_new()</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P>and<P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>GtkWidget *gtk_menu_item_new_with_label(const char *label)</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P>动态新增<P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>gtk_menu_item_append()gtk_menu_item_set_submenu()</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P>gtk_menu_new_with_label及gtk_menu_new函数一个产生一个新的选单项目并带标签,另一个则是个空的选单项目.<P>产生选单的步骤大致如下:<UL><LI> 使用gtk_menu_new()来产生一个新的选单</LI><LI> 使用gtk_menu_item_new()来产生一个新的选单项目.这会是主选单, 文字将会是menu bar本身. </LI><LI> 使用gtk_menu_item_new来将每一个项目产生出来用gtk_menu_item_append()来将每个新项目放在一起.这会产生一列选单项目.</LI><LI> 使用gtk_menu_item_set_submenu()来接到心产生的menu_items到主选单项目.(在第二步中所产生出来的).</LI><LI> 使用gtk_menu_bar_new来产生一个menu bar. 这一步仅需做一次, 当我们产生一系列选单在menu bar上.</LI><LI> 使用gtk_menu_bar_append来将主选单放到menubar.</LI></UL><P><H2><A NAME="ss14.2">14.2 Manual Menu范例</A></H2><P> 我们来做做看, 看看一个范例会比较有帮助.<P><P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>#include <gtk/gtk.h>int main (int argc, char *argv[]){ GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *menu; GtkWidget *menu_bar; GtkWidget *root_menu; GtkWidget *menu_items; char buf[128]; int i; gtk_init (&argc, &argv); /* create a new window */ window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW (window), "GTK Menu Test"); gtk_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT (window), "destroy", (GtkSignalFunc) gtk_exit, NULL); /* Init the menu-widget, and remember -- never * gtk_show_widget() the menu widget!! */ menu = gtk_menu_new(); /* This is the root menu, and will be the label will be the menu name displayed on * the menu bar. There won't be * a signal handler attached, as it only pops up the rest of the menu when pressed. */ root_menu = gtk_menu_item_new_with_label("Root Menu"); gtk_widget_show(root_menu); /* Next we make a little loop that makes three menu-entries for "test-menu". * Notice the call to gtk_menu_append. Here we are adding a list of menu items * to our menu. Normally, we'd also catch the "clicked" signal on each of the * menu items and setup a callback for it, but it's omitted here to save space. */ for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) { /* Copy the names to the buf. */ sprintf(buf, "Test-undermenu - %d", i); /* Create a new menu-item with a name... */ menu_items = gtk_menu_item_new_with_label(buf); /* ...and add it to the menu. */ gtk_menu_append(GTK_MENU (menu), menu_items); /* Show the widget */ gtk_widget_show(menu_items); } /* Now we specify that we want our newly created "menu" to be the menu for the "root menu" */ gtk_menu_item_set_submenu(GTK_MENU_ITEM (root_menu), menu); /* Create a menu-bar to hold the menus and add it to our main window*/ menu_bar = gtk_menu_bar_new(); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), menu_bar); gtk_widget_show(menu_bar); /* And finally we append the menu-item to the menu-bar -- this is the "root" * menu-item I have been raving about =) */ gtk_menu_bar_append(GTK_MENU_BAR (menu_bar), root_menu); /* always display the window as the last step so it all splashes on the screen at once. */ gtk_widget_show(window); gtk_main (); return 0;}</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P>您也可以设定一个选单项目无效, 并使用accelerator table结合按键到选单功能.<P><H2><A NAME="ss14.3">14.3 使用GtkMenuFactory</A></H2><P>我们已经示范了难的方法,这里是用gtk_menu_factory的方法.<P><H2><A NAME="ss14.4">14.4 Menu Factory范例</A></H2><P>这里是menu factory的范例. 这是第一个档案, menus.h. 另有menus.c及main.c<P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>#ifndef __MENUS_H__#define __MENUS_H__#ifdef __cplusplusextern "C" {#endif /* __cplusplus */void get_main_menu (GtkWidget **menubar, GtkAcceleratorTable **table);void menus_create(GtkMenuEntry *entries, int nmenu_entries);#ifdef __cplusplus}#endif /* __cplusplus */#endif /* __MENUS_H__ */</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P>And here is the menus.c file.<P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>#include <gtk/gtk.h>#include <strings.h>#include "main.h"static void menus_remove_accel(GtkWidget * widget, gchar * signal_name, gchar * path);static gint menus_install_accel(GtkWidget * widget, gchar * signal_name, gchar key, gchar modifiers, gchar * path);void menus_init(void);void menus_create(GtkMenuEntry * entries, int nmenu_entries);/* this is the GtkMenuEntry structure used to create new menus. The * first member is the menu definition string. The second, the * default accelerator key used to access this menu function with * the keyboard. The third is the callback function to call when * this menu item is selected (by the accelerator key, or with the * mouse.) The last member is the data to pass to your callback function. */static GtkMenuEntry menu_items[] ={ {"<Main>/File/New", "<control>N", NULL, NULL}, {"<Main>/File/Open", "<control>O", NULL, NULL}, {"<Main>/File/Save", "<control>S", NULL, NULL}, {"<Main>/File/Save as", NULL, NULL, NULL}, {"<Main>/File/<separator>", NULL, NULL, NULL}, {"<Main>/File/Quit", "<control>Q", file_quit_cmd_callback, "OK, I'll quit"}, {"<Main>/Options/Test", NULL, NULL, NULL}};/* calculate the number of menu_item's */static int nmenu_items = sizeof(menu_items) / sizeof(menu_items[0]);static int initialize = TRUE;static GtkMenuFactory *factory = NULL;static GtkMenuFactory *subfactory[1];static GHashTable *entry_ht = NULL;void get_main_menu(GtkWidget ** menubar, GtkAcceleratorTable ** table){ if (initialize) menus_init(); if (menubar) *menubar = subfactory[0]->widget; if (table) *table = subfactory[0]->table;}void menus_init(void){ if (initialize) { initialize = FALSE; factory = gtk_menu_factory_new(GTK_MENU_FACTORY_MENU_BAR); subfactory[0] = gtk_menu_factory_new(GTK_MENU_FACTORY_MENU_BAR); gtk_menu_factory_add_subfactory(factory, subfactory[0], "<Main>"); menus_create(menu_items, nmenu_items); }}void menus_create(GtkMenuEntry * entries, int nmenu_entries){ char *accelerator; int i; if (initialize) menus_init(); if (entry_ht) for (i = 0; i < nmenu_entries; i++) { accelerator = g_hash_table_lookup(entry_ht, entries[i].path); if (accelerator) { if (accelerator[0] == '\0') entries[i].accelerator = NULL; else entries[i].accelerator = accelerator; } } gtk_menu_factory_add_entries(factory, entries, nmenu_entries); for (i = 0; i < nmenu_entries; i++) if (entries[i].widget) { gtk_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(entries[i].widget), "install_accelerator", (GtkSignalFunc) menus_install_accel, entries[i].path); gtk_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(entries[i].widget), "remove_accelerator", (GtkSignalFunc) menus_remove_accel, entries[i].path); }}static gint menus_install_accel(GtkWidget * widget, gchar * signal_name, gchar key, gchar modifiers, gchar * path){ char accel[64]; char *t1, t2[2]; accel[0] = '\0'; if (modifiers & GDK_CONTROL_MASK) strcat(accel, "<control>"); if (modifiers & GDK_SHIFT_MASK) strcat(accel, "<shift>"); if (modifiers & GDK_MOD1_MASK) strcat(accel, "<alt>"); t2[0] = key; t2[1] = '\0'; strcat(accel, t2); if (entry_ht) { t1 = g_hash_table_lookup(entry_ht, path); g_free(t1); } else entry_ht = g_hash_table_new(g_string_hash, g_string_equal); g_hash_table_insert(entry_ht, path, g_strdup(accel)); return TRUE;}static void menus_remove_accel(GtkWidget * widget, gchar * signal_name, gchar * path){ char *t; if (entry_ht) { t = g_hash_table_lookup(entry_ht, path); g_free(t); g_hash_table_insert(entry_ht, path, g_strdup("")); }}void menus_set_sensitive(char *path, int sensitive){ GtkMenuPath *menu_path; if (initialize) menus_init(); menu_path = gtk_menu_factory_find(factory, path); if (menu_path) gtk_widget_set_sensitive(menu_path->widget, sensitive); else g_warning("Unable to set sensitivity for menu which doesn't exist: %s", path);}</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P>And here's the main.h<P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>#ifndef __MAIN_H__#define __MAIN_H__#ifdef __cplusplusextern "C" {#endif /* __cplusplus */void file_quit_cmd_callback(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data);#ifdef __cplusplus}#endif /* __cplusplus */#endif /* __MAIN_H__ */</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P>And main.c<P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>#include <gtk/gtk.h>#include "main.h"#include "menus.h"int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *main_vbox; GtkWidget *menubar; GtkAcceleratorTable *accel; gtk_init(&argc, &argv); window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(window), "destroy", GTK_SIGNAL_FUNC(file_quit_cmd_callback), "WM destroy"); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Menu Factory"); gtk_widget_set_usize(GTK_WIDGET(window), 300, 200); main_vbox = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE, 1); gtk_container_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(main_vbox), 1); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), main_vbox); gtk_widget_show(main_vbox); get_main_menu(&menubar, &accel); gtk_window_add_accelerator_table(GTK_WINDOW(window), accel); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(main_vbox), menubar, FALSE, TRUE, 0); gtk_widget_show(menubar); gtk_widget_show(window); gtk_main(); return(0);}/* This is just to demonstrate how callbacks work when using the * menufactory. Often, people put all the callbacks from the menus * in a separate file, and then have them call the appropriate functions * from there. Keeps it more organized. */void file_quit_cmd_callback (GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data){ g_print ("%s\n", (char *) data); gtk_exit(0);}</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P>这里是makefile.<P><BLOCKQUOTE><CODE><PRE>CC = gccPROF = -gC_FLAGS = -Wall $(PROF) -L/usr/local/include -DDEBUGL_FLAGS = $(PROF) -L/usr/X11R6/lib -L/usr/local/lib L_POSTFLAGS = -lgtk -lgdk -lglib -lXext -lX11 -lmPROGNAME = atO_FILES = menus.o main.o$(PROGNAME): $(O_FILES) rm -f $(PROGNAME) $(CC) $(L_FLAGS) -o $(PROGNAME) $(O_FILES) $(L_POSTFLAGS).c.o: $(CC) -c $(C_FLAGS) $<clean: rm -f core *.o $(PROGNAME) nohup.outdistclean: clean rm -f *~</PRE></CODE></BLOCKQUOTE><P><P><HR><A HREF="gtk_tut-13.html" tppabs="http://extend.hk.hi.cn/%7ehusuyu/http/beginner/gtk/gtk_tut-13.html"><IMG SRC="prev.gif" tppabs="http://extend.hk.hi.cn/%7ehusuyu/http/beginner/gtk/prev.gif" ALT="Previous"></A><A HREF="gtk_tut-15.html" tppabs="http://extend.hk.hi.cn/%7ehusuyu/http/beginner/gtk/gtk_tut-15.html"><IMG SRC="next.gif" tppabs="http://extend.hk.hi.cn/%7ehusuyu/http/beginner/gtk/next.gif" ALT="Next"></A><A HREF="gtk_tut.html#toc14" tppabs="http://extend.hk.hi.cn/%7ehusuyu/http/beginner/gtk/gtk_tut.html#toc14"><IMG SRC="toc.gif" tppabs="http://extend.hk.hi.cn/%7ehusuyu/http/beginner/gtk/toc.gif" ALT="Contents"></A></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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