datetime.h

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//
// DateTime.h
//
// $Id: //poco/1.3/Foundation/include/Poco/DateTime.h#2 $
//
// Library: Foundation
// Package: DateTime
// Module:  DateTime
//
// Definition of the DateTime class.
//
// Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Applied Informatics Software Engineering GmbH.
// and Contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person or organization
// obtaining a copy of the software and accompanying documentation covered by
// this license (the "Software") to use, reproduce, display, distribute,
// execute, and transmit the Software, and to prepare derivative works of the
// Software, and to permit third-parties to whom the Software is furnished to
// do so, all subject to the following:
// 
// The copyright notices in the Software and this entire statement, including
// the above license grant, this restriction and the following disclaimer,
// must be included in all copies of the Software, in whole or in part, and
// all derivative works of the Software, unless such copies or derivative
// works are solely in the form of machine-executable object code generated by
// a source language processor.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
// SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR ANYONE DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
// ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//


#ifndef Foundation_DateTime_INCLUDED
#define Foundation_DateTime_INCLUDED


#include "Poco/Foundation.h"
#include "Poco/Timestamp.h"
#include "Poco/Timespan.h"


namespace Poco {


class Foundation_API DateTime
	/// This class represents an instant in time, expressed
	/// in years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds
	/// and milliseconds based on the Gregorian calendar.
	/// The class is mainly useful for conversions between
	/// UTC, Julian day and Gregorian calendar dates.
	///
	/// Conversion calculations are based on algorithms
	/// collected and described by Peter Baum at
	/// http://vsg.cape.com/~pbaum/date/date0.htm
	///
	/// Internally, this class stores a date/time in two
	/// forms (UTC and broken down) for performance reasons. Only use 
	/// this class for conversions between date/time representations.
	/// Use the Timestamp class for everything else.
	///
	/// Notes:
	///   * Zero is a valid year (in accordance with ISO 8601 and astronomical year numbering)
	///   * Year zero (0) is a leap year
	///   * Negative years (years preceding 1 BC) are not supported
	///
	/// For more information, please see:
	///   * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_Calendar
	///   * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day
	///   * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC
	///   * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601
{
public:
	enum Months
		/// Symbolic names for month numbers (1 to 12).
	{
		JANUARY = 1,
		FEBRUARY,
		MARCH,
		APRIL,
		MAY,
		JUNE,
		JULY,
		AUGUST,
		SEPTEMBER,
		OCTOBER,
		NOVEMBER,
		DECEMBER
	};
	
	enum DaysOfWeek
		/// Symbolic names for week day numbers (0 to 6).
	{
		SUNDAY = 0,
		MONDAY,
		TUESDAY,
		WEDNESDAY,
		THURSDAY,
		FRIDAY,
		SATURDAY
	};
		
	DateTime();
		/// Creates a DateTime for the current date and time.

	DateTime(const Timestamp& timestamp);
		/// Creates a DateTime for the date and time given in
		/// a Timestamp.
		
	DateTime(int year, int month, int day, int hour = 0, int minute = 0, int second = 0, int millisecond = 0, int microsecond = 0);
		/// Creates a DateTime for the given Gregorian date and time.
		///   * year is from 0 to 9999.
		///   * month is from 1 to 12.
		///   * day is from 1 to 31.
		///   * hour is from 0 to 23.
		///   * minute is from 0 to 59.
		///   * second is from 0 to 59.
		///   * millisecond is from 0 to 999.
		///   * microsecond is from 0 to 999.

	DateTime(double julianDay);
		/// Creates a DateTime for the given Julian day.

	DateTime(Timestamp::UtcTimeVal utcTime, Timestamp::TimeDiff diff);
		/// Creates a DateTime from an UtcTimeVal and a TimeDiff.
		///
		/// Mainly used internally by DateTime and friends.

	DateTime(const DateTime& dateTime);
		/// Copy constructor. Creates the DateTime from another one.

	~DateTime();
		/// Destroys the DateTime.

	DateTime& operator = (const DateTime& dateTime);
		/// Assigns another DateTime.
		
	DateTime& operator = (const Timestamp& timestamp);
		/// Assigns a Timestamp.

	DateTime& operator = (double julianDay);
		/// Assigns a Julian day.

	DateTime& assign(int year, int month, int day, int hour = 0, int minute = 0, int second = 0, int millisecond = 0, int microseconds = 0);
		/// Assigns a Gregorian date and time.
		///   * year is from 0 to 9999.
		///   * month is from 1 to 12.
		///   * day is from 1 to 31.
		///   * hour is from 0 to 23.
		///   * minute is from 0 to 59.
		///   * second is from 0 to 59.
		///   * millisecond is from 0 to 999.
		///   * microsecond is from 0 to 999.

	void swap(DateTime& dateTime);
		/// Swaps the DateTime with another one.

	int year() const;
		/// Returns the year.
		
	int month() const;
		/// Returns the month (1 to 12).
	
	int week(int firstDayOfWeek = MONDAY) const;
		/// Returns the week number within the year.
		/// FirstDayOfWeek should be either SUNDAY (0) or MONDAY (1).
		/// The returned week number will be from 0 to 53. Week number 1 is the week 
		/// containing January 4. This is in accordance to ISO 8601.
		/// 
		/// The following example assumes that firstDayOfWeek is MONDAY. For 2005, which started
		/// on a Saturday, week 1 will be the week starting on Monday, January 3.
		/// January 1 and 2 will fall within week 0 (or the last week of the previous year).
		///
		/// For 2007, which starts on a Monday, week 1 will be the week startung on Monday, January 1.
		/// There will be no week 0 in 2007.
	
	int day() const;
		/// Returns the day witin the month (1 to 31).
		
	int dayOfWeek() const;
		/// Returns the weekday (0 to 6, where
		/// 0 = Sunday, 1 = Monday, ..., 6 = Saturday).
	
	int dayOfYear() const;
		/// Returns the number of the day in the year.
		/// January 1 is 1, February 1 is 32, etc.
	
	int hour() const;
		/// Returns the hour (0 to 23).
		
	int hourAMPM() const;
		/// Returns the hour (0 to 12).
	
	bool isAM() const;
		/// Returns true if hour < 12;

	bool isPM() const;
		/// Returns true if hour >= 12.
		
	int minute() const;
		/// Returns the minute (0 to 59).
		
	int second() const;
		/// Returns the second (0 to 59).
		
	int millisecond() const;
		/// Returns the millisecond (0 to 999)
	
	int microsecond() const;
		/// Returns the microsecond (0 to 999)
	
	double julianDay() const;
		/// Returns the julian day for the date and time.
		
	Timestamp timestamp() const;
		/// Returns the date and time expressed as a Timestamp.

	Timestamp::UtcTimeVal utcTime() const;
		/// Returns the date and time expressed in UTC-based
		/// time. UTC base time is midnight, October 15, 1582.
		/// Resolution is 100 nanoseconds.
		
	bool operator == (const DateTime& dateTime) const;	
	bool operator != (const DateTime& dateTime) const;	
	bool operator <  (const DateTime& dateTime) const;	
	bool operator <= (const DateTime& dateTime) const;	
	bool operator >  (const DateTime& dateTime) const;	
	bool operator >= (const DateTime& dateTime) const;	

	DateTime  operator +  (const Timespan& span) const;
	DateTime  operator -  (const Timespan& span) const;
	Timespan  operator -  (const DateTime& dateTime) const;
	DateTime& operator += (const Timespan& span);
	DateTime& operator -= (const Timespan& span);
	
	void makeUTC(int tzd);
		/// Converts a local time into UTC, by applying the given time zone differential.
		
	void makeLocal(int tzd);
		/// Converts a UTC time into a local time, by applying the given time zone differential.
	
	static bool isLeapYear(int year);
		/// Returns true if the given year is a leap year;
		/// false otherwise.
		
	static int daysOfMonth(int year, int month);
		/// Returns the number of days in the given month
		/// and year. Month is from 1 to 12.
		
	static bool isValid(int year, int month, int day, int hour = 0, int minute = 0, int second = 0, int millisecond = 0, int microsecond = 0);
		/// Checks if the given date and time is valid
		/// (all arguments are within a proper range).
		///
		/// Returns true if all arguments are valid, false otherwise.
		
protected:	
	static double toJulianDay(Timestamp::UtcTimeVal utcTime);
		/// Computes the Julian day for an UTC time.
	
	static double toJulianDay(int year, int month, int day, int hour = 0, int minute = 0, int second = 0, int millisecond = 0, int microsecond = 0);
		/// Computes the Julian day for a gregorian calendar date and time.
		/// See <http://vsg.cape.com/~pbaum/date/jdimp.htm>, section 2.3.1 for the algorithm.
	
	static Timestamp::UtcTimeVal toUtcTime(double julianDay);
		/// Computes the UTC time for a Julian day.
		
	void computeGregorian(double julianDay);
		/// Computes the Gregorian date for the given Julian day.
		/// See <http://vsg.cape.com/~pbaum/date/injdimp.htm>, section 3.3.1 for the algorithm.

	void computeDaytime();
		/// Extracts the daytime (hours, minutes, seconds, etc.) from the stored utcTime.

private:
	void checkLimit(short& lower, short& higher, short limit);
	void normalize();
		///utility functions used to correct the overflow in computeGregorian

	Timestamp::UtcTimeVal _utcTime;
	short  _year;
	short  _month;
	short  _day;
	short  _hour;
	short  _minute;
	short  _second;
	short  _millisecond;
	short  _microsecond;
};


//
// inlines
//
inline Timestamp DateTime::timestamp() const
{
	return Timestamp::fromUtcTime(_utcTime);
}


inline Timestamp::UtcTimeVal DateTime::utcTime() const
{
	return _utcTime;
}


inline int DateTime::year() const
{
	return _year;
}

	
inline int DateTime::month() const
{
	return _month;
}

	
inline int DateTime::day() const
{
	return _day;
}

	
inline int DateTime::hour() const
{
	return _hour;
}


inline int DateTime::hourAMPM() const
{
	if (_hour < 1)
		return 12;
	else if (_hour > 12)
		return _hour - 12;
	else
		return _hour;
}


inline bool DateTime::isAM() const
{
	return _hour < 12;
}


inline bool DateTime::isPM() const
{
	return _hour >= 12;
}

	
inline int DateTime::minute() const
{
	return _minute;
}

	
inline int DateTime::second() const
{
	return _second;
}

	
inline int DateTime::millisecond() const
{
	return _millisecond;
}


inline int DateTime::microsecond() const
{
	return _microsecond;
}


inline bool DateTime::operator == (const DateTime& dateTime) const
{
	return _utcTime == dateTime._utcTime;
}


inline bool DateTime::operator != (const DateTime& dateTime) const	
{
	return _utcTime != dateTime._utcTime;
}


inline bool DateTime::operator <  (const DateTime& dateTime) const	
{
	return _utcTime < dateTime._utcTime;
}


inline bool DateTime::operator <= (const DateTime& dateTime) const
{
	return _utcTime <= dateTime._utcTime;
}


inline bool DateTime::operator >  (const DateTime& dateTime) const
{
	return _utcTime > dateTime._utcTime;
}


inline bool DateTime::operator >= (const DateTime& dateTime) const	
{
	return _utcTime >= dateTime._utcTime;
}


inline bool DateTime::isLeapYear(int year)
{
	return (year % 4) == 0 && ((year % 100) != 0 || (year % 400) == 0);
}


inline void swap(DateTime& d1, DateTime& d2)
{
	d1.swap(d2);
}


} // namespace Poco


#endif // Foundation_DateTime_INCLUDED