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<TITLE>Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours:Internet Downloading and Browsing:EarthWeb Inc.-</TITLE>

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<!-- TITLE=Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours//-->

<!-- AUTHOR=Bill Ball//-->

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<A NAME="PAGENUM-200"><P>Page 200</P></A>



<UL>

<LI>     Bookmarks and a bookmark editor, so you can use abbreviated hostnames

of computers

</UL>





<P>Like the ftp command, ncftp also has built-in help. The

ncftp command, by Mike Gleason of NCEMRSoft, also sports a number of interesting command-line options. If you know

the hostname of the computer and the complete path to a desired file, you can retrieve the

file with a single command line, for example:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# ncftp -a ftp://ftp.mcp.com/pub/software/operating-sys/uslinux.txt

# nctp -a ftp.mcp.com:/pub/software/operating-sys/uslinux.txt

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>Both command lines will FTP to the ftp.mcp.com host, log in anonymously, then retrieve

the uslinux.txt file. This is a handy way to retrieve known files from remote computers.

These command lines may also be used in shell scripts, or combined with pipes to

other commands to process the incoming files. You can, for example, automatically

translate incoming graphics files and save them in a specified directory:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# ncftp -c ftp.wx.com:/pub/wxmaps/east/1230.gif | gif2tiff

&Acirc; &gt;/home/ftp/pub/wxmaps/today.tiff

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>This example (using a fictional ftp server) downloads a

.GIF format graphic, then translates the graphic into

.TIFF format and puts it into your system's ftp area. You can use

this approach to download files automatically, especially when used in a

crontab file. (For details about using crontab, see Hours 24, &quot;Scheduling,&quot; and 18, &quot;Personal Productivity Tools.&quot;)

</P>



<P>You'll also find the ncftp status bar helpful when interactively downloading files.

Although I can't show you the animation of the progress meter, when you use

ncftp to download files, you'll get information on how the downloading is going, for example:

</P>



<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

wustl&gt; get app-defaults.color



Receiving file: app-defaults.color

100%  0 ==================================&gt; 6583 bytes. ETA:  0:00

app-defaults.color:  6583 bytes received in 5.77 seconds, 1.11 kB/s.

ftp.wustl.edu   /packages/NCSA/Web/Mosaic/Unix/binaries/app-defaults

wustl&gt;

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->



<P>This shows a completed download of the X11 application defaults file for the Mosaic

Web browser. If you'd like to get the latest version of the

ncftp command, you'll find it at ftp.probe.net, in the

/pub/ncftp directory.

</P>



<H3><A NAME="ch13_ 7">

Browsing the World Wide Web with Linux Browsers

</A></H3>



<P>This section introduces you to half a dozen Web browsers for Linux. You'll find two of

these

</P>



<A NAME="PAGENUM-201"><P>Page 201</P></A>







<P>browsers on the CD-ROM included with this book. The other four, Red Baron,

Grail, Mosaic, and Netscape Communicator, must be retrieved from their home sites on

the Internet.

</P>



<P>This book doesn't have enough room to cover these browsers in detail. If you're

interested in learning about Web browsers or writing your own Web pages, I suggest you look at

the following books:

</P>



<P>HTML by Example, by Todd Staufer, Que

</P>



<P>Using HTML, by Mark Brown, John Jung, and Tom Savola, Que

</P>



<H4><A NAME="ch13_ 8">

Fast Browsing with the Lynx Command

</A></H4>



<P>The Lynx browser, sponsored by the University of Kansas, does not support

graphics, sound, or any of the other plug-in features of today's modern Web browsers. You'll

really like Lynx anyway because it's fast, efficient, and does not take up a lot of disk space.

</P>



<P>Lynx was designed to run on regular displays, or terminals, so you don't need to run

the X Window System in order to use it. This program is ideal for quickly browsing Web

pages to get the information you need without the &quot;World Wide Wait&quot; of too-large graphics,

or animations that just waste bandwidth.

</P>



<P>The Lynx browser has 66 different command-line options, but it's easy to use. If

you've properly set up your system, and have started your PPP connection, you can start

browsing by specifying a Uniform Resource Locator (Web address) on the command line,

for example:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# lynx <a href="http://www.mcp.com">

http://www.mcp.com</A>

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>Figure 13.1 shows the Lynx browser.

</P>



<P>If you need to fine-tune some of the ways the

lynx command works, you can edit its configuration file,

lynx.cfg, in the /usr/lib directory. I suggest that you make a copy of this

file, and copy it to your home directory with

.lynxrc as the filename. In this file, you can set

a number of Lynx features. For example, if you specify the name of your ISP's news

server, you can read news:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

NNTPSERVER:your.ISPnewserver.com

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>After you make this change, you can try to browse news with

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# lynx news://your.ISPnewserver.com

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>You can also use the Lynx browser to retrieve files without browsing. By using

this</P>





<A NAME="PAGENUM-202"><P>Page 202</P></A>



<P>Figure 13.1.<BR>

The Lynx text-only<BR>

Web browser is a<BR>

compact, efficient<BR>

program you can use<BR>

to quickly browse Web<BR>

pages without waiting<BR>

for graphics loading.</P>

<P><a href="javascript:displayWindow('images/ch13fg01.jpg', 288, 216)"><img src="images/tn_ch13fg01.jpg"></a><BR>

</P>







<P>approach, you can automatically research or get information on a regular basis.

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# lynx <a href="http://www.yahoo.com/headlines/news/summary.html">

http://www.yahoo.com/headlines/news/summary.html</A> -dump &gt;news.raw

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>Lynx will also download files just like other browsers if you press the Enter key while

your cursor has a file or link highlighted. The basic navigation keys for this browser are

the cursor and the Enter and Tab keys.

</P>



<P>For more information about the Lynx browser, see its manual page.

</P>



<H4><A NAME="ch13_ 9">

Browsing with the Arena Browser

</A></H4>



<P>The Arena browser, found under the

/usr/X11R6/bin directory, is an X Window System browser now supported by Yggdrasil Computing. New versions of this browser may

be found at

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

ftp://ftp.Yggdrasil.com/pub/dist/web/arena

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>The Arena browser unfortunately does not obey any X11 Toolkit options. You

can, however, load local HTML files, or specify a Web address on the command line,

for example:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# arena index.htm

# arena <a href="http://www.mcp.com">

http://www.mcp.com</A>

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<H4><A NAME="ch13_ 10">

Browsing with the Red Baron Browser

</A></H4>



<P>The Red Baron browser is a Web browser from Red Hat Software, Inc. and has most

of the features you expect in a browser. You'll need to run the X Window System in order

to</P>



<A NAME="PAGENUM-203"><P>Page 203</P></A>





<P>use this browser.

</P>



<P>You can use this browser to display, view, save, and print different Web pages. As

with other browsers, you can also download files. However, unlike the Grail and

Netscape browsers, Red Baron does not obey X11 Toolkit geometry settings.

</P>



<P>If you need help while you're working with Red Baron, you can press the F1 function

key on your keyboard. Red Baron will then read in its help files, which are found in the

help directory under the /usr/lib/redbaron directory on your system.

</P>



<P>If you find Red Baron similar to Mosaic, that's because it is a variant of the Mosaic

browser, compiled to run on Linux systems without Motif libraries present.

</P>



<H4><A NAME="ch13_ 11">

Exploring Unique Features of the Grail Browser

</A></H4>



<P>The Grail browser is unique among Linux browsers. This browser is written using the

python language, and comes with the full source code.

</P>



<TABLE BGCOLOR=#FFFF99><TR><TD>JUST A MINUTE</TD></TR><TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

The Grail browser, from the Corporation for National Research Initiatives,

is made up of 27,000 lines of interpreted python

language source code. This browser, like the Lynx browser, is compact and efficient, and takes up only

one-tenth of the hard drive space of other browsers such as Red Baron, Mosaic,

or Netscape, but offers full HTML 2.0 compatibility, including forms,

python language applets, graphics, and frames. For more information about

the increasingly popular python language, browse to

</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR></TABLE>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

<a href="http://www.python.org">

http://www.python.org</A>

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>You can use Grail like any other browser. You can simply type

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# grail

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>to start the program, which will cause Grail to load, and then try to connect to its

home page, <a href="http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/grail.">

http://grail.cnri.reston.va.us/grail.</A> If the Grail browser takes up too much of your display,

you can use X11 Toolkit geometry settings to have the browser create a smaller window,

for example:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# grail -g 640x480+0+0

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>This will start the browser in a 640&#165;480 window at the upper-left portion of your

screen. You can also specify an initial page to load from the command line, for example:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# grail <a href="http://www.mcp.com">

http://www.mcp.com</A>

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->





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