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<TITLE>Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours:Internet Downloading and Browsing:EarthWeb Inc.-</TITLE>

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<!-- TITLE=Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours//-->

<!-- AUTHOR=Bill Ball//-->

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<A NAME="PAGENUM-204"><P>Page 204</P></A>



<P>

If you would like to set Grail to load a different home page when it starts, you can use

the General item of its Preferences menu to set this value, along with eight other default actions.

</P>



<P>If you want more information about Grail, browse to the Grail home page.

</P>



<H4><A NAME="ch13_ 12">

Getting the Mosaic Browser

</A></H4>



<P>The Mosaic browser, from the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, is

one of the original Web browsers, and has helped spawn the variety of browsers in use

today. If you'd like to explore this browser, you can get the full source code, in which case

you'll need to also purchase and install the X11 Motif libraries, and then compile, or build,

the browser for Linux. You'll find copies at

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Mosaic

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>If you don't have Motif, a commercial graphical interface library for the X Window

System, you can download a binary, or precompiled, version that doesn't require Motif. You

can find a copy at

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/packages/NCSA/Web/Mosaic/Unix/binaries/2.7b

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>Look for the file Mosaic-linux-static-2.7b5.gz, which contains everything you need in one

3.2MB compressed file. Once you decompress the file and make it executable, you can run it,

for example:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# gunzip Mosaic-linux-static-2.7b5.gz

# chmod +x Mosaic-linux-static-2.7b5

# ./Mosaic-linux-static-2.7b5

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>The Mosaic browser will start by creating several resource files in your home

directory. You may also use several X11 Toolkit options to start the browser, such as

geometry settings, for example:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# Mosaic -geometry 640x480

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>This command line will start the Mosaic browser in a

640&#165;480-pixel window on your display. By default, Mosaic will try to automatically load its home page:

</P>





<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

<a href="http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/sdg/software/xmosaic">

http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Xmosaic</A>

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>Although the Mosaic browser is a single, self-contained program, all of its help files

are loaded from the Mosaic home page at

www.ncsa.uiuc.edu.

</P>



<H4><A NAME="ch13_ 13">

Setting Up and Downloading with Netscape Communicator

</A></H4>



<P>The Netscape Communicator Web browser, by Netscape Communications, is one of

the most popular browsers for all computer systems. You can get a copy specifically

designed for Linux by navigating to the Netscape home page,

home.netscape.com, filling out various

</P>





<A NAME="PAGENUM-205"><P>Page 205</P></A>





<P>queries and menus, and downloading the file.

</P>



<P>Be prepared for a long wait, however. The current version of the browser,

Netscape Communicator 4.03, is more than 10 megabytes in compressed form, and features

several additional built-in components, such as mail, composer, and discussions (for

reading Usenet news). After you have downloaded the file into a temporary directory,

decompress the Netscape package by using the

gunzip command, and then type

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# ./ns-install

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>The installation script, ns-install, will extract the required files,

create any necessary directories, and then install the browser. By default, Netscape and all of its files are

installed into a directory called netscape under the

/opt directory. You'll want to take a look at the README file in the

netscape directory for information on release notes, features, or

known problems.

</P>



<P>If you'd like to run Netscape from the command line, you can specify its full path,

for example:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# /opt/netscape/netscape

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>This will run the browser, but a better way to set up Netscape is to create a symbolic

link to a more often recognized directory, such as

/usr/local/bin, for example:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# ln -s /opt/netscape/netscape /usr/local/bin/netscape

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>This will create the symbolic link, netscape, in a binary directory usually recognized by

your PATH environment variable.

</P>



<P>Netscape, like most well-behaved X11 clients, can also use several X11 Toolkit

options. If you don't like the large initial window, you can specify a smaller starting window

using geometry settings. You can get a list of Netscape's initial command-line options with

the -help option.

</P>



<P>You'll find several of these options useful. For example, as I've pointed out in this

hour, the geometry settings can help reduce the initial window size of your browser. A

much better option, especially for laptop users with little screen real estate, is the

-component-bar option, for example:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# netscape -component-bar &amp;

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>This command will run Netscape, but the application, and its additional

components, which include mail, discussions, and composer, will appear in a short vertical

floating window you can put off to one side of the screen. You can then run the desired

component by clicking on one of the icons in the small window.

</P>





<A NAME="PAGENUM-206"><P>Page 206</P></A>





<P>There's not enough room in this hour to discuss all of the various components and

the differences between different versions of Netscape Communicator, but you can find a

lot of information by using Netscape's Help menu information system. Unlike Mosaic

and other browsers, Netscape installs all of the help files you need to get started on your

hard drive. You'll find information about each component, and how to set up and use

them, along with a full discussion of HTML page composition.

</P>



<P>Figure 13.2 shows the Netscape Communicator browser.

</P>





<P>Figure 13.2.<BR>

The Netscape Communicator browser, one of the most

popular Web browsers, comes in a Linux version and supports most of

the popular Netscape plug-ins.</P>

<a href="javascript:displayWindow('images/ch13fg02.jpg', 288, 216)"><img src="images/tn_ch13fg02.jpg"></a><BR>

<BR>











<TABLE BGCOLOR=#FFFF99><TR><TD>TIME SAVER</TD></TR><TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

Interestingly enough, Netscape's installation script does not create the

required directories or links for Netscape's built-in help files by default. This will

result in an error message when you try to use Help for the first time. You can fix

this<BR>

by creating the required link with:

<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# ln -s /opt/netscape /usr/local/lib/netscape

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->

After you've created this symbolically linked directory, you'll be able to use

the Help menu in Navigator.

</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR></TABLE>



<P>The Linux version of Netscape Communicator also supports many different plug-ins,

or additional programs that add features to this browser. Some of these plug-ins allow you

to listen to live radio or watch recorded and live video. For more information about

using </P>







<A NAME="PAGENUM-207"><P>Page 207</P></A>









<P>plug-ins with Netscape, browse to

</P>





<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

<a href="http://cgi.netscape.com/eng/mozilla/2.0/extensions/info.cgi">

http://cgi.netscape.com/eng/mozilla/2.0/extensions/info.cgi</A>

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>For more information about getting the latest audio and video, or RealPlayer,

plug-in, browse to

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

<a href="http://www.real.com/50/index.html">

http://www.real.com/50/index.html</A>

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<H3><A NAME="ch13_ 14">

Chatting with Internet Relay Chat

</A></H3>



<P>The irc (Internet relay chat) command, found under the

/usr/bin directory, is a program you can use to converse with other people on the Internet. When you run

irc, you can use the built-in irc commands to connect to chat servers, see who is chatting,

and set many other options.

</P>



<P>The irc command has built-in help on more than 110 different commands and topics,

many of which have further subtopic help. In order to use this program, you should have an

active Internet connection. By default, the irc program will try to connect to several default

chat servers (other computers supporting IRC). Once you're connected, the screen will split

into two parts, with ongoing discussions and responses in the upper portion of the screen.

You can use the lower portion of the screen to enter commands to the

irc program, or send keyboard sentences as messages to different active discussions.

</P>



<P>Using IRC is much different from reading and responding to Usenet

newsgroups. Discussions and comments are read and sent as you type. You should first browse

through the irc command's help facility, and read all the available introductory information

about the following topics: basics, commands, etiquette, expressions, intro, ircII, menus,

news, newuser, and rules.

</P>







<P>You can get a list of the help topics by using the

irc /HELP command, for example:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

&gt; /HELP newuser

&gt; /HELP etiquette

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>To find out more about participating in irc chat sessions, read the built-in help files,

and see the documentation for irc under the

/usr/doc directory.

</P>





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