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<TITLE>Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours:Exploring Other X11 Window Managers:EarthWeb Inc.-</TITLE>

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<!-- ISBN=0672311623 //-->

<!-- TITLE=Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours//-->

<!-- AUTHOR=Bill Ball//-->

<!-- PUBLISHER=Macmillan Computer Publishing//-->

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<A NAME="PAGENUM-135"><P>Page 135</P></A>







<H4><A NAME="ch08_ 9">

Installing the Enlightenment Window Manager

</A></H4>



<P>One of the most garish and outlandish X11 window managers is Enlightenment, by

Carsten Haitzler and Geoff Harrison. Want to feel like you're hurtling through space, flying an

alien spacecraft at the helm of an organic console? If your answer is &quot;yes,&quot; then this

window manager is for you.

</P>



<P>Like other window managers, Enlightenment provides window controls, virtual

consoles, scrollbars, and desktop menus (see Figure 8.4). But that's where the similarity ends.

This window manager works by loading configuration files for various themes, and two

themes, DEFAULT, and DEFAULT_small (for 800-by-600-pixel displays), are included.

</P>



<P>Figure 8.4.<BR>

The Enlightenment<BR> window manager<BR> provides a

unique,<BR> futuristic X Window<BR> System desktop, with<BR> many unusual controls.<BR>

<a href="javascript:displayWindow('images/ch08fg04.jpg', 288, 216)"><img src="images/tn_ch08fg04.jpg"></a><BR>

</P>





<TABLE BGCOLOR=#FFFF99>

<TR><TD>TIME SAVER</TD></TR>

<TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

Be patient&#151;there may be a significant delay before the desktop displays

on your monitor after you start X because of the way Enlightenment loads

its configuration files, found under the themes directory in the

enlightenment directory. Enlightenment uses

&quot;themeballs,&quot; or gzipped tar archives to

contain window elements and desktop configurations. If you want Enlightenment

to start faster, you can decompress and unarchive Enlight-enment's themes

with the gunzip and tar commands. See Enlightenment's documentation for details.

</BLOCKQUOTE>

</TD></TR>

</TABLE>





<P>To install this window manager, you'll need a library of graphic routines called

imlib. 

</P>





<A NAME="PAGENUM-136"><P>Page 136</P></A>





<P>

Download this library from the following site:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

ftp://ftp.mandrake.net/pub/imlib

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>After you download and install this software library (it needs about 12 megabytes of

disk space after being decompressed), you must then download, compile, and install

the Enlightenment software distribution. You can obtain a copy of the software from:

</P>



<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

<a href="http://www.rasterman.com">

http://www.rasterman.com</A>

<a href="http://mandrake.net/e">

http://mandrake.net/e</A>

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->



<P>Uncompress and dearchive the Enlightenment software (it needs about three megabytes

of hard drive space), then build and install the software according to the included

instructions. You can then insert the Enlightenment command in your

.xinitrc file in your home directory.

</P>



<H4><A NAME="ch08_ 10">

Emulating Other Desktops with the mlvwm Window Manager

</A></H4>



<P>If you miss your old system after migrating to Linux from another computer

operating system (the one from Cupertino, California, not the one from Redmond,

Washington!), you can feel comfortable again by using the mlvwm window manager. This simple

window manager uses the Apple Macintosh desktop theme. Although not all menus work from

the Finder's desktop, you'll feel right at home with this window manager (see Figure 8.5).

</P>



<P>Download this window manager, by Takashi Hasegawa, through the

www.plig.org Web pages, or you can try obtaining it from the following site:

</P>



<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

<a href="http://www.biole.nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/member/tak/mlvwm.html">

http://www.biole.nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/member/tak/mlvwm.html</A>

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->



<P>Figure 8.5.<BR>

The mlvwm window<BR> manager for X11<BR> emulates appearance

of<BR> the Apple Macintosh<BR> desktop.<BR>

<a href="javascript:displayWindow('images/ch08fg05.jpg', 288, 216)"><img src="images/tn_ch08fg05.jpg"></a><BR>

</P>



<A NAME="PAGENUM-137"><P>Page 137</P></A>







<P>Download the software package, then uncompress and dearchive the mlvwm

sources. Edit the file configure.h and type the following:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# xmkmf

# make install

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>Once finished, you should copy the file Mlvwmrc from the

sample_rc directory to a file named .mlvwmrc in your home directory. You can edit this file and make changes to allow

mlvwm to use icons installed on your system. Mlvwm comes with some

computer-translated documentation in its source package, but it also has detailed man pages in English that

you can read for configuration details.

</P>



<H4><A NAME="ch08_ 11">

Using the Simplest Window Manager, wm2

</A></H4>



<P>If you don't want to fill your hard drive with countless configuration files or fiddle

with complex X11 desktop settings, but still want to use X11 and a window manager, use

Chris Cannam's wm2 window manager. This window manager has the bare minimum of

features you'll need in a window manager. Its best feature is the list of features it doesn't have:

</P>



<UL>

<LI>     no desktop icons

<LI>    no pager, or virtual desktops

<LI>   no root menus

<LI>    no complicated configuration files

</UL>



<P>Unlike other window managers discussed in this hour, wm2 requires only 65,000 bytes

of hard drive space, which makes this window manager an ideal candidate for installation

on Linux X11 laptops, especially where hard drive space is at a premium. Because there

are no configuration files, customizing must be done when you build the program (see

Figure 8.6).

</P>



<P>Compiling and installing this window manager is a snap, with the exception of one

minor glitch (you'll read about the fix in a minute). Download the source,

wm2-4.tar.gz, then uncompress and dearchive the file:

</P>



<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

# gunzip wm2-4.tar.gz

# tar xf wm2-4.tar

# cd wm2-4

# make

gcc -c -O2 Border.C

gcc -c -O2 Buttons.C

gcc -c -O2 Client.C

gcc -c -O2 Events.C

gcc -c -O2 Main.C

gcc -c -O2 Manager.C

gcc -c -O2 Rotated.C

mv -f wm2 wm2.old &gt;&amp; /dev/null || true



</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->



<A NAME="PAGENUM-138"><P>Page 138</P></A>







<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

gcc -o wm2 Border.o Buttons.o Client.o Events.o Main.o Manager.o

Rotated.o -L/usr/X11/lib -lXext -lX11 -lXmu -lm

/usr/i486-linux-libc5/lib/libXt.so.6: undefined reference to `_Xsetlocale'

make: *** [wm2] Error 1

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->



<P>As you can see, wm2 compiles well enough, but the linker barfs on a missing

subroutine and the build aborts. This error shows that when the various compiled components of

wm2

</P>





<P>Figure 8.6.<BR>

The wm2 window<BR> manager is compact,<BR> efficient, and

space-<BR>saving&#151;ideal for<BR> running X11 on<BR> laptops with little

hard<BR> drive space.<BR>

<a href="javascript:displayWindow('images/ch08fg06.jpg', 288, 216)"><img src="images/tn_ch08fg06.jpg"></a><BR>

</P>



<P>were linked against your installed X11 software libraries, under the

/usr/X11R6/lib directory, an X11 software routine was missing. To fix this error, open wm2's

Makefile with your text editor and look at the beginning of the file for the linker option line:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

LIBS    =  -L/usr/X11/lib -lXext -lX11 -lXmu -lm

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>Change this line to add the X11 Xt library to the list of X11 libraries to be linked:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

LIBS    =  -L/usr/X11/lib -lXext -lX11 -lXmu -lXt -lm

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>Use the make command again, and wm2 links properly. When done, make sure you're

the root operator and copy wm2 into your

/usr/X11R6/bin directory. If you'd like to use wm2

as your window manager, insert wm2 into the

.xinitrc file in your home directory.

</P>







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