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<TITLE>Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours:Connecting to the Outside World:EarthWeb Inc.-</TITLE>

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<!-- TITLE=Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours//-->

<!-- AUTHOR=Bill Ball//-->

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<P><CENTER>

<a href="0149-0152.html">Previous</A> | <a href="../ewtoc.html">Table of Contents</A> | <a href="0157-0160.html">Next</A>

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<A NAME="PAGENUM-153"><P>Page 153</P></A>





<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>



efax: 31:24 sent 20+2156 lines, 30948+0 bytes, 26 s  9522 bps

efax: 31:27 sent -&gt; faxtest.txt.003

efax: 31:28 header:[97/12/04 16:29  William H. Ball (+657 0210)

&Acirc;--&gt;  7201945  p. 4/4]

efax: 31:36 sent 20+2156 lines, 9023+0 bytes, 8 s  9023 bps

efax: 31:41 sent -&gt; faxtest.txt.004

efax: 31:42 done, returning 0

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->



<P>As you can see, the fax script automatically recognized that your file was a text file

because of the extension. To set your computer to automatically wait for incoming faxes, you

can use the fax script's wait command-line option&#151;for example,

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# fax wait

running /usr/bin/fax answer

/usr/bin/efax: Thu Dec 04 16:42:22 1997 efax v 0.8a Copyright 1996 Ed Casas

</PRE>

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<P>You could also use the background operator to put the shell script into the

background. You can check on the status of your Linux fax machine with the

status command-line option&#151;for example,

</P>



<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

# fax status

USER       PID %CPU %MEM  SIZE   RSS TTY STAT START   TIME COMMAND

root      2304  0.3  1.3  1072   420  p3 S &lt; 16:48   0:00 /usr/bin/efax

&Acirc;-d/dev/cua1 -v  -v chewmainrxtf



from: /var/spool/fax/cua1.2304



efax: 48:56 opened /dev/cua1

efax: 48:58 waiting for activity



</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->



<P>This shows that the efax command is waiting on the

/dev/cua1 serial port for incoming faxes. To check whether you've received any faxes, you can use the

fax command's queue command-line option&#151;for example,

</P>



<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

# fax queue



Fax files in /var/spool/fax :



-rw-r--r--   1 root     root        24090 Dec  4 16:47 1204164646.001

-rw-r--r--   1 root     root        40151 Dec  4 16:47 1204164646.002

-rw-r--r--   1 root     root        22157 Dec  4 16:48 1204164646.003

-rw-r--r--   1 root     root        32255 Dec  4 16:48 1204164646.004

-rw-r--r--   1 root     root        10325 Dec  4 16:48 1204164646.005



</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->



<P>

This output shows that a five-page fax is waiting in the

/var/spool/fax directory (created automatically when you first run the

fax command with the wait command-line option).

You can tell that the five files are pages of the same fax by the filenames, which are the date

and time, followed by the page number as an extension.

</P>



<P>To view a fax, you can use the fax command's

view option. Figure 9.4 shows the fax views&#151;

</P>



<A NAME="PAGENUM-154"><P>Page 154</P></A>







<P>for example,

</P>



<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

# fax view 1204164646*

/var/spool/fax/1204164646.001

/var/spool/fax/1204164646.002

/var/spool/fax/1204164646.003

/var/spool/fax/1204164646.004

/var/spool/fax/1204164646.005

1204164646.001 ...

1204164646.002 ...

1204164646.003 ...

1204164646.004 ...

1204164646.005 ...



</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->



<P>The fax program will cycle through the files and display each page with a viewer

you've

</P>



<P>Figure 9.4.<BR>

The fax command<BR> automatically runs an<BR> X11 graphic

program<BR> to view or print your<BR> incoming faxes.<BR>

<a href="javascript:displayWindow('images/ch09fg04.jpg', 288, 216)"><img src="images/tn_ch09fg04.jpg"></a><BR>

</P>



<P>specified in the fax shell script. You can use the X11

xv client to print your faxes, or you can try the

fax command's print command-line option to print your faxes&#151;for example,

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# fax print 1204164646.001

/var/spool/fax/1204164646.001

1204164646.001 ...

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>This prints the first page of the incoming fax. You can print all the pages with

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# fax print 1204164646*

</PRE>

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<P>If you want to delete a fax, you can use the

fax command's rm command-line option&#151;for

</P>





<A NAME="PAGENUM-155"><P>Page 155</P></A>







<P>example,

</P>



<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

# fax rm 120417243*

/var/spool/fax/1204172431.001  /var/spool/fax/1204172431.004

/var/spool/fax/1204172431.002  /var/spool/fax/1204172431.005

/var/spool/fax/1204172431.003

deleted 1204172431.001

deleted 1204172431.002

deleted 1204172431.003

deleted 1204172431.004

deleted 1204172431.005

</PRE>

<P>



<CENTER>

<TABLE BGCOLOR="#FFFF99">

<TR><TD><B>

CAUTION

</B></TD></TR>

<TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

The fax command's rm command-line option is potentially dangerous and

may delete files in the current directory, especially if you just use a plain asterisk

(*) as a filename. You should specify the fax filenames explicitly when using

this command-line option.

</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>

</TABLE></CENTER>

</P>

<P>The efax family of commands is a simple and versatile way to send and receive faxes

with Linux. The fax command has more commands than are documented in the manual

page, including support for voice modems and creating cover pages. Read the

fax command itself for more details.

</P>



<H4><A NAME="ch09_ 14">

Sending Fax Documents with mgetty+sendfax

</A></H4>



<P>The mgetty+sendfax is a package of software, using the

mgetty command, which you install in /etc/inittab much like the

uugetty example shown previously, and the sendfax program, which

is used to send faxes. The installation and configuration of this software is a little

more complicated than setting up efax. This section shows you how to set up, configure, and

use this software to send and receive fax documents with your modem.

</P>



<P>This package of software includes many files (too many to list here). The examples in

this section concentrate on the important ones, and first show you how to configure the

sendfax software and quickly send a fax. Your first step is to make sure that you're logged in as

the root operator. You'll need to change directory to

the mgetty+sendfax directory under the

/etc/ directory. You'll see a number of files there, such as the following:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# ls -A

dialin.config   fax.deny        faxrunq.config  mgetty.config   voice.conf

fax.allow       faxheader       login.config    sendfax.config

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>Your first job is to create the fax.allow and

fax.deny files if they don't exist. In the

fax.allow file, enter the names of users you'd like to allow to have fax service. You should enter at

least two names: root and your username.

</P>



<P>Next, you should edit the faxheader file, and enter your name and phone in the sample

header 

</P>





<A NAME="PAGENUM-156"><P>Page 156</P></A>







<P>line&#151;for example,

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

FAX  FROM:  John H. Doe 1 202 555 1212     TO: @T@    PAGE: @P@ OF @M@

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<TABLE BGCOLOR=#FFFF99>

<TR><TD>TIME SAVER</TD></TR>

<TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

You should use the comment character, #, when you make changes to the

sendfax configuration files, and retype your changes on a new line. This will save

you trouble if you make mistakes and need to return the file back to its original state.

</BLOCKQUOTE>

</TD></TR>

</TABLE>





<P>The sample header line will appear across the top of your faxed pages on the receiving

fax machine. Next, you should edit the

sendfax.config file, and first change the name of the

device your modem is attached to (for example,

/dev/ttyS1 for COM2)&#151;for example,

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# which devices to use for outgoing faxes

#fax-devices tty4c:tty4d

fax-devices ttyS1

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>This tells the sendfax programs that your fax modem is attached to

/dev/ttyS1. Next, enter the fax number (yours), which will be sent to the remote fax machine&#151;for example,

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# which fax number to transmit to the receiving station

#fax-id 49 89 xxxxxxxx

fax-id 1 202 555-1212

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>This will identify your fax machine to the remote fax. You'll also need to enter the type

of dialing you'd like to use when sending a fax&#151;for example,

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

# which command is used to dial out? (Could be ATD, ATDP, ATX3D0W...)

#dial-prefix ATD

ATDT

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>This tells the sendfax software that you'd like to dial out by using tone dialing. At this

point, you're almost ready to start sending faxes. Unfortunately, though, a file named

pbm2g3 is missing from the sendfax distribution. You'll need this file if you want to create

fax-format graphics files from text files you'd like to send.

</P>



<P>You'll find this file in the source distribution of the

mgetty+sendfax package at

</P>



<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

<a href="http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/linux/system/serial/getty/mgetty+sendfax-1.0.0.tar.gz">

http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/serial/getty/mgetty+sendfax-1.0.0.tar.gz</A>

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->



<P>Download the file, decompress and unarchive it, and change directory to the

tools directory in the source folder, mgetty-1.0.0. Then, type

make. After the various programs build, you can copy the program

pbm2g3 to the /usr/bin directory. After you do this, the

sendfax program will work.

</P>



<P>To send a one-page fax by using the sendfax

program, you must first convert a text file into the Group 3 fax format. You can do this by using the graphics conversion program

pbmtext, 

</P>





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