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<!-- TITLE=Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours//-->
<!-- AUTHOR=Bill Ball//-->
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<A NAME="PAGENUM-180"><P>Page 180</P></A>
<P>Unlike pine, elm must be started in a window with at least 14 rows, or it will complain
and quit.
</P>
<P>After you retrieve your mail, elm reads your messages and displays your messages as
shown in Figure 11.4 (just as the pine mail program does).<BR>
</P>
<P>Figure 11.4.<BR>
The elm mail program<BR>
displays messages in a<BR>
list.
</P>
<P><a href="javascript:displayWindow('images/ch11fg04.jpg', 288, 209)"><img src="images/tn_ch11fg04.jpg"></a><BR>
</P>
<P>As in pine, you can use elm to delete, forward, save, or compose messages. You can
customize some of its features by typing an o while in
elm's main display. These custom features are saved in an
elmrc file under the .elm folder in your home directory.
</P>
<P>This book doesn't go into all the details about the
elm program. Make sure to read the manual page for
elm before you start using it. If you'd like more information, you can
also check
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
<a href="http://www.myxa.com/elm.html">
http://www.myxa.com/elm.html</A>
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<H4><A NAME="ch11_ 11">
Subscribing to Mailing Lists
</A></H4>
<P>Once you feel confident that your mail system is working, you may want to subscribe
to a mailing list. Mailing lists are handled by automatic mail servers, and work by
relaying messages generated to all members of a mailing list. One smart way to subscribe to
mailing lists is to sign up for a digest version, in which the day's message traffic is condensed
into a single or twice-daily mailing.
</P>
<P>You can find out more about mailing lists by browsing to
</P>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-181"><P>Page 181</P></A>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
<a href="http://www.lsoft.com/lists/listref.html">
http://www.lsoft.com/lists/listref.html</A>
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>One query sent to a mailing list server at the University of Georgia returned:
</P>
<!-- CODE //-->
<PRE>
Date: Tue, 18 Nov 1997 19:12:15 -0500
From: "L-Soft list server at UGA (1.8c)" <LISTSERV@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU>
To: bball@staffnet.com
Subject: Output of your job "bball"
> lists global
There are currently 14,869 public LISTSERV lists known to
LISTSERV@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU. Without a search string, the listing generated by
the LIST GLOBAL command would be over 44,500 lines long and add up to an
estimated 1486k of data. Please use a search string to limit the size of the
file that will be returned to you. For instance, "LIST GLOBAL CHEM" will
return a description of all the lists related to chemistry (lists whose name
or topic contains the string "CHEM").
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE //-->
<P>Chances are that you'll find a mailing list that will interest you. Have fun!
</P>
<H3><A NAME="ch11_ 12">
Configuring procmail and Writing Recipes to Fight Spam
</A></H3>
<P>We're all used to getting junk mail or telemarketing calls. Day after day, we receive
offers for credit cards, home equity loans, new long-distance service, or great deals on prime
cuts of pot roast at the local food market. You can do something about unwanted postal
mail, junk faxes, and telemarketing calls, but there's no current regulation regarding junk email.
</P>
<P>You can, however, use procmail, which is found under the
/usr/bin directory, to filter your incoming mail. You'll need to create a directory, create several files, write a small
script, and customize how your incoming mail is handled by writing short filters, or
procmail recipes. It will only take you a minute or so to set up your system to organize incoming mail
and dispose of junk mail.
</P>
<P>The first step is to create a text file, called
.procmailrc, in your home directory. Then, type in the following, specifying the name of your mail directory (if you use
pine, the directory is mail), the location of the
.procmail directory (which you'll soon create), and the name of
your procmail filter file:
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
MAILDIR=$HOME/mail
PMDIR=$HOME/.procmail
INCLUDERC=$HOME/rc.mailfilter
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>Save this file. Next, create a text file called
.forward in your home directory. This file should contain the following line:
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
"|IFS=' ` && exec /usr/bin/procmail -f- || exit 75 #username"
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<A NAME="PAGENUM-182"><P>Page 182</P></A>
<P>This command line controls procmail, and you should use your username instead of
username. Now, make your .forward file world-readable, and your home directory
</P>
<P>world-searchable with the chmod command. See the following example (making sure
you're in your home directory):
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
# chmod 644 .forward
# chmod a+x .
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>You're almost done. Now, with the mkdir command, create a directory called
.procmail, change directories into it, and create a text file called
rc.mailfilter.
</P>
<P>This file will contain your procmail filters, or recipes. While these recipes can be
extremely complex (so complex in fact, that you can write your own mail delivery service), this
section presents simple recipes to get you started.
</P>
<P>First, examine a sample message's mail headers (which contain the From:, To:, or
Subject: lines). The British MG sports cars digest has the following subject line in each message:
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
Subject: mgs@autox.team.net digest #905 Mon Nov 17 10:09:07 MST 1997
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>Each digest message can contain almost 100,000 characters, and is sent twice a day, so
it would be nice to have all these digests go into their own mail folder, which you'll call
mgdigest. So, you'll enter
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
:0:
*^Subject:.*digest
mgdigest
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>This small recipe will save any incoming message with a subject line containing the
word digest into a mail file called mgdigest in your mail program's mail directory. Note that
you don't have to create this mail file yourself. It will be created for you when you first
retrieve mail, and procmail finds a match. You can also use another recipe to have all mail files
from your friends saved to a specific folder, for example:
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
:0:
*^From:.*aol.com
AOL
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>"OK," you're asking, "but what about junk email?" Well, you know what you want to
do with junk email—trash it! For Linux users, there's a special place to which you can
send junk email: the old bit bucket, /dev/null. So if you get an unwanted message from a place
like hotlips4u.com, you can send this type of junk to the boneyard with
</P>
<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
:0:
^From:.*hotlips4u.com
/dev/null
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->
<P>The mail message won't be stored on your hard drive, and you won't have to bother
with any mail from that address again. Using this approach is simplistic,
however, and if you get a lot of junk mail, you may want to experiment with more complex recipes, which
can
</P>
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