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<TITLE>Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours:Configuring the X Window System:EarthWeb Inc.-</TITLE>

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<!-- TITLE=Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours//-->

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<A NAME="PAGENUM-35"><P>Page 35</P></A>







<P>a list of cards and servers.

</P>



<TABLE BGCOLOR=#FFFF99><TR><TD>JUST A MINUTE</TD></TR><TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

If you manually installed the X server earlier and it doesn't match what

the Xconfigurator finds, the configuration program aborts. Install the proper X

server and then begin the configuration process again.

</BLOCKQUOTE>

</TD></TR></TABLE>





<P>If you can't find your card on the list of servers, you should try to use the

SuperProbe program. Running that probes the card directly and outputs what video chipset,

amount of memory, and RAMDAC chipset it found.

</P>

<P>



<CENTER>

<TABLE BGCOLOR="#FFFF99">

<TR><TD><B>

CAUTION

</B></TD></TR>

<TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

The SuperProbe command can lock up the machine and with a very few

cards cause other problems. Read the man page on SuperProbe

(man SuperProbe), and if you aren't comfortable with the possible risk, don't <BR>

run it.

</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>

</TABLE></CENTER>

</P>

<P>If you still haven't found a chipset that matches your system, you need to use the

VGA16 or Mono server, as these are the lowest common denominators available. When

choosing a video card, you also should be aware that video card manufacturers like to use

name recognition but also use the best technology available for their card. Sometimes this

results in two cards with similar names having very different chipsets&#151;and it's the chipset

Linux cares about. So, you may set up the servers thinking you have one chipset, and when

finally starting the server get errors telling you that the card is not being detected.

</P>



<H4><A NAME="ch03_ 7">

Selecting Your Monitor

</A></H4>



<P>This section shows you how to configure the X server to choose your monitor type.

You need to have the monitor specifications for your computer.

</P>

<P>



<CENTER>

<TABLE BGCOLOR="#FFFF99">

<TR><TD><B>

CAUTION

</B></TD></TR>

<TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

Be very careful to select the settings that conservatively match your

monitor. Choosing bad values can seriously damage your monitor.

</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>

</TABLE></CENTER>

</P>

<P>After selecting a video card, you are asked to set up the monitor of the computer.

You should then be presented with a screen, shown in Figure 3.2, that asks about the

monitor on your system. Scroll down the list and choose a monitor name if it exactly matches

your 

</P>



<A NAME="PAGENUM-36"><P>Page 36</P></A>





<P>

Figure 3.2.<BR>

The monitor selection<BR>

screen.</P>

<P><a href="javascript:displayWindow('images/ch03fg02.jpg', 134, 98)"><img src="images/tn_ch03fg02.jpg"></a><BR>

</P>



<P>monitor's brand and model. If you know that your monitor is

very similar to one in the list, you might be able to choose that one also. If you don't find your monitor listed,

you need to select a generic monitor or the custom setting.

</P>



<B>

Configuring a Custom Monitor

</B>



<P>If you choose to use a custom monitor, you are presented with a screen explaining that

you will be asked for the vertical and horizontal sync rates of your monitor. Your

monitor's manual should give these listings, usually in the Specifications section. Select

Ok to continue.

</P>



<P>You are then asked for the horizontal sync range of the monitor. In choosing a rate,

you should be very conservative about the type of settings if you don't see what your

monitor is capable of. Most monitors should be able to display what is called Standard VGA.

Next, you need to select the vertical range your monitor is capable of, and you again need to

be conservative.

</P>



<H4><A NAME="ch03_ 8">

Final Server Configuration

</A></H4>



<P>The next screen depends on whether a PCI video card was detected or not. If one

was detected, you are told that the installation will probe for correct video settings and

ranges that are available. If no PCI card was detected, you are given a choice of probing or

not. The reason for the choice is that some older ISA video cards do not accept probing

and lock up the system if it is attempted.

</P>



<P>Choosing to probe the system causes the screen to blink several times as

Xconfigurator figures out what the card's available color depths are. You then see another screen that

informs you what screens Xconfigurator recommends as a default setting, and gives you the choice

to take those values or select others. In selecting others, you are given a selection of all

video sizes and color depths that can be supported by the X server and monitor (see Figure 3.3).

</P>



<P>Toggle through the check boxes you want

(640&#165;480 choices are always good selections). The 2/4/8/16/24 color depth is a listing of the number of colors that can be displayed

at once. 4 bit is a 16-color choice of the original VGA selections. 8 bit allows for 256

colors,

</P>

<A NAME="PAGENUM-37"><P>Page 37</P></A>







<P>

Figure 3.3.<BR>

Select the modes<BR>

you want to use.

</P>

<P><a href="javascript:displayWindow('images/ch03fg03.jpg', 134, 94)"><img src="images/tn_ch03fg03.jpg"></a><BR>

</P>

<P>16 bits allows for 65,000+ colors, and finally the 24-bit color allows the display of

several million sets of colors. If your card is capable of higher sets of colors, then the more

memory the card has, the higher the possible resolution of colors and screen size. When you

have selected the screen sizes you want, select OK and the new

/etc/X11/XF86Config file is written to your computer.

</P>



<P>If you chose not to probe the monitor system, the next screen asks you how much

video memory your card has. From either the documentation on the card or from the

SuperProbe command, choose the amount of memory and select

Ok. You are then asked to select a clock chip for the monitor. If your manual or the

SuperProbe command didn't indicate a clock chip, you should choose the recommended no chip selection and continue on.

</P>



<P>You are then presented with a screen that asks you to select the screen resolutions and

color depths for your X environment. Choose a set of screen sizes and color depths that

are suitable for you to work with. 640&#165;480 resolution is always a good choice because

most monitors can handle this setting. Upon selecting the screen sizes, a new

/etc/X11/XF86Config file is written for your computer.

</P>



<H3><A NAME="ch03_ 9">

Testing the X Settings

</A></H3>



<P>Now that you have created X configuration settings that hopefully work for your

computer, it's time to test them. To start the X server, run the

startx command. This command sets up the internal environment, starts the server, and executes any client programs that

need to be run.

</P>

<P>



<CENTER>

<TABLE BGCOLOR="#FFFF99">

<TR><TD><B>

CAUTION

</B></TD></TR>

<TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

If the screen goes into what looks like a bad mode (flickering, garbage colors,

and so on), press the following key sequence immediately:

CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE. This should exit you from the X server immediately. You should

then check that your monitor is operating normally,

and run the Xconfigurator command to make sure that the settings are all right. Choose a

640&#165;480 setting to see if that works.

</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>

</TABLE></CENTER>

</P>



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