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<TITLE>Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours:Configuring the X Window System:EarthWeb Inc.-</TITLE>

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<!-- ISBN=0672311623 //-->

<!-- TITLE=Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours//-->

<!-- AUTHOR=Bill Ball//-->

<!-- PUBLISHER=Macmillan Computer Publishing//-->

<!-- IMPRINT=Sams//-->

<!-- CHAPTER=03 //-->

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<P><CENTER>

<a href="../ch02/0028-0030.html">Previous</A> | <a href="../ewtoc.html">Table of Contents</A> | <a href="0035-0037.html">Next</A>

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<A NAME="PAGENUM-31"><P>Page 31</P></A>







<H3><A NAME="ch03_ 2">

Hour 3

</A></H3>



<H2>

<A NAME="ch03_ 3">

Configuring the X Window System

</A>

</H2>



<P>This hour looks at getting your X11 Window system up and running. <BR>

X Window is the graphical windowing system that Linux and many

other UNIX systems use. It is analogous to the windowing environment

in Windows, OS/2, or Macintosh.

</P>



<P>One of the differences between X11 Window and the other environments

is that it was designed to be a machine/OS independent networked

client/server program. As a result,  the system is broken up into two major

components: the X11 Window server that runs on the machine and interacts directly

with the monitor and the video card, and the various clients that are displayed

on the X11 server. These clients can range from terminal emulators (xterm)

to eye candy (xpat2), or can manage the look and feel of the screen (the

X11 Window Manager).

</P>



<P>This hour begins by setting up the X Window system server that was

skipped during the install, and finishes up by familiarizing you with the look and

feel of the default windows that Red Hat offers. A later hour deals with

customizing

</P>

<A NAME="PAGENUM-32"><P>Page 32</P></A>





<P>

the system to different personal tastes. You need any documentation you have on

your computer's video card and its monitor.

</P>



<H3><A NAME="ch03_ 4">

Checking Your Installation Files

</A></H3>



<P>The default X Window server that most Linux boxes come with  (and the one on this

book's CD) is supplied by the XFree86 Project. Other servers are provided from

various commercial vendors and are discussed later in the hour.

</P>



<P>First, check to make sure all of the files you need were installed during Hour 2,

&quot;Installing Linux.&quot; To see what X11 packages have been installed on the machine, you need to

use the rpm command and pipe it through the grep

command to find the lines that begin with X. The commands are covered in more detail throughout the rest of the book. If you

enter the command

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

rpm -qa | grep ^X

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>you should receive output similar to the following:

</P>



<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

X11R6-contrib-3.3.1-1

Xaw3d-1.3-13

Xconfigurator-3.25-1

XFree86-3.3.1-14

XFree86-75dpi-fonts-3.3.1-14

XFree86-libs-3.3.1-14

Xfree86-S3-3.3.1.14

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->



<TABLE BGCOLOR=#FFFF99><TR><TD>JUST A MINUTE</TD></TR><TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

Pay special attention to the last line in the preceding listing. The

S3 portion of the line indicates the use of a video card with the S3

chipset. Knowing how the files are named makes it easier if you have to install a package for your

video card later.

</BLOCKQUOTE>

</TD></TR></TABLE>





<P>You're seeing what groups of packages were installed on the system. If you don't get

any output but another hash prompt, there were no packages installed on the machine

that begin with the letter X. If you don't get a list similar to the preceding one you need to

install some extra packages to the system to get X11 up and running.

</P>



<TABLE BGCOLOR=#FFFF99><TR><TD>JUST A MINUTE</TD></TR><TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

If you followed the instructions carefully in Hour 2, you should have all the

files you need to begin configuring your system. 

</BLOCKQUOTE>

</TD></TR></TABLE>



<A NAME="PAGENUM-33"><P>Page 33</P></A>







<H4><A NAME="ch03_ 5">

Installing the X Files

</A></H4>



<P>In order to install the files you need, you

must load the CD-ROM for Linux to see it, then get data off of it.

</P>



<P>Insert the Red Hat CD-ROM and at the # prompt type the following:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

mount /mnt/cdrom

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>After a few seconds you should see some activity on the CD-ROM and the

# prompt, letting you know that you can continue. Change your current working directory to that of the <BR>

CD-ROM's RPM area by typing the following command:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>Further data, configuration options, and bug tips can be found at

the following site:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

<a href="http://www.xfree86.org">

http://www.xfree86.org</A>

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>If no X items were installed, you need to install several RPM packages by using the

rpm command. At the prompt, type the following commands one at a time, pressing Enter

after each:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

rpm -ivh X11R6-contrib*

rpm -ivh Xaw3d-1.3*

rpm -ivh Xconfig*

rpm -ivh XFree86-3*

rpm -ivh XFree86-75*

rpm -ivh XFree86-libs*

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>The preceding command lines will install everything you need except for the X

server, which supports your specific video card. To install the correct server type in the following:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

rpm _ivh Xfree86-YY*

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>Replace YY in your command line with the server name for your video card. Table 3.1

gives you a brief rundown of the servers and what chipsets they support.

</P>



<P>Table 3.1. X servers shipped with Red Hat 5.0.

</P>



<TABLE>



<TR><TD>

Server

</TD><TD>

What video chipsets this covers (short list)

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

Mono

</TD><TD>

2 color black-and-white.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

VGA16

</TD><TD>

16 color VGA mode. Supports VGA with 256KB memory.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

SVGA

</TD><TD>

Trident, Cirrus Logic, Chips and Technology, ET4000,

S3V, and others.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

Mach8

</TD><TD>

ATI boards with Mach8 chipset.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

Mach32

</TD><TD>

ATI boards with Mach32 chipset.

</TD></TR></TABLE>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

                                                          continues

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->





<A NAME="PAGENUM-34"><P>Page 34</P></A>





<P>

Table 3.1. continued

</P>

<TABLE>



<TR><TD>

Server

</TD><TD>

What video chipsets this covers (short list)<BR>

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

Mach64

</TD><TD>

ATI boards with Mach64 chipset.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

8514

</TD><TD>

IBM 8514/A boards and true clones.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

S3

</TD><TD>

#9 boards, older Diamonds, others.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

S3V

</TD><TD>

S3 Virge boards. Support is in SVGA.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

AGX

</TD><TD>

All XGA graphic boards.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

P9000

</TD><TD>

Diamond Viper (but not the 9100) and others.

</TD></TR><TR><TD>

W32

</TD><TD>

ET4000/W32 but not ET4000s.

</TD></TR></TABLE>



<TABLE BGCOLOR=#FFFF99><TR><TD>TIME SAVER</TD></TR><TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

If you're not sure which X server to install, run the

Xconfiguator program (detailed in the following section) and it will detect most supported PCI video

cards, letting you know which server to install.

</BLOCKQUOTE>

</TD></TR></TABLE>





<H3><A NAME="ch03_ 6">

Using Xconfigurator to Set Up X Window

</A></H3>



<P>At the # prompt, run the Xconfigurator command. You will get a welcome screen with an

Ok button at the bottom, explaining the program.

</P>



<P>Pressing Enter starts a PCI probe to see if

Xconfigurator finds any video cards in your

system. If it finds any, it shows which chipset and which X server need to be used. Pay

special attention to this&#151;if you installed the incorrect X server you are given the opportunity

to correct your mistake. See Figure 3.1 for an example of the output when

Xconfigurator successfully probes for a card. If the program can't find a card when probing, it brings

up </P>



<P>Figure 3.1.<BR>

Pay special attention to<BR>

the information in this<BR>

screen.</P>

<P><a href="javascript:displayWindow('images/ch03fg01.jpg', 73, 61)"><img src="images/tn_ch03fg01.jpg"></a><BR>

</P>



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