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<TITLE>Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours:Configuring the X Window System:EarthWeb Inc.-</TITLE>

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<!-- TITLE=Sams Teach Yourself Linux in 24 Hours//-->

<!-- AUTHOR=Bill Ball//-->

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<A NAME="PAGENUM-38"><P>Page 38</P></A>







<P>You should get a gray screen of little overlapping Xs (depending on the resolution

you're running at, you may or may not be able to make out the Xs) This is the default X

Window screen, and should be replaced after a short while by a blue-green screen and then a

start bar at the bottom of the screen. If the color changes to a blue-green but no start bar

appears, see if the bar is &quot;off&quot; the screen. X supports virtual desktops that are larger than what

you can actually see on the screen. Moving the mouse to the bottom of the screen might

show movement and a gray start bar at the bottom.

</P>



<H4><A NAME="ch03_ 10">

Common Problems and Their Solutions

</A></H4>



<P>This section covers most of the common problems you'll experience when starting

X Window, and how to solve them.

</P>



<B>

Screen Remains Black

</B>



<P>Wait for 30 seconds or so. On a 486/66 or slower machine X Window can take a

while to start. For some video cards, the driver may be having problems using it properly.

Type Control-Alt-Backspace and re-run

Xconfigurator.

</P>



<B>

Screen Remains Black and Machine Does Not Respond

</B>



<P>This is a worst-case scenario. You need to reboot the machine and let the machine

check the disk drives for errors. The Linux filesystem keeps track of what parts are allocated

and when a machine is shut down in a bad state, it needs to run the

fsck command to fix these items. Most times the start-up scripts can handle this without user intervention.

</P>



<B>

Very Large Xs Appear on the Screen

</B>



<P>In the case of very large overlapping Xs, the X server has probably gone into

320&#165;200 mode versus 640&#165;480. This problem occurs when the

video card is not detected correctly by the server. Exit out of X either with the hot keys Ctrl-Alt-Backspace or cleanly via the Start <BR>

button at the bottom of the screen. Check the file

startx.out by using the command less startx.out

and seeing if any errors that might help set up matters correctly were listed. Sometimes

the problem is that you may need to select a different RAMDAC or some other option for

that card.

</P>



<B>

Mouse Does Not Move or Acts Strangely

</B>



<P>If the mouse doesn't respond correctly to user input, it can be due to several problems.

The first is that the pointer section of the file was misconfigured by

mouseconfig and Xconfigurator. Xconfigurator gets the values for the mouse from the settings that are set by the

mouseconfig program. You should check the settings in the file

/etc/sysconfig/mouse or via the mouseconfig

</P>

<A NAME="PAGENUM-39"><P>Page 39</P></A>





<P>

program and then either rerun Xconfigurator or edit the

/etc/X11/XF86Config file. The section of the file should look something like the following:

</P>



<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

Section &quot;Pointer&quot;

    Protocol    &quot;PS/2&quot;

    Device      &quot;/dev/mouse&quot;

EndSection

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>The protocol says which type of mouse X should try to use and the device says which

port it should look at. Further information on the types of mice supported can be found

by running the command man XF86Config.

</P>



<P>Another common reason for the mouse to fail is that the mouse is requiring

special initializations or is conflicting with another program (usually

gpm, which is a text mouse control program). In the case of possible conflicts, you should try stopping the

gpm program (/etc/rc.d/init.d/gpm stop) and then try starting X again. If this solves the problem, you may

find that you want to disable gpm altogether. To do this, run the

ntsysv command and toggle gpm off.

</P>



<P>For mice that need special configuration options the problem can sometimes be

avoided by treating the mouse as a modem and using a serial program to turn it on. In these

cases, changing mice can often be simpler.

</P>



<TABLE BGCOLOR=#FFFF99><TR><TD>TIME SAVER</TD></TR><TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

Many Linux commands have documentation in one of several places.

Most commands are documented as a manual page that can be found with the

man command. To quickly find all the items that are related to XFree86, try

man -k XF86. This gives you a list of the documents to be called. A second place to

look for documentation is in the directories

/usr/doc and /usr/doc/HOWTO. The /usr/doc area contains documentation for packages that were installed onto your

system. The /usr/doc/HOWTO contains a reference area of various HOWTOs and

helpful tips on setting up items.

</BLOCKQUOTE>

</TD></TR></TABLE>





<H3><A NAME="ch03_ 11">

Having Your Machine Always Start in X Window

</A></H3>



<P>If you always want your machine to start the X Window manager so you don't have to

type startx when you log in, you only have to edit one file.

</P>



<P>Log in as root and edit the /etc/inittab file. This file is used by

init to start various utilities. Changing the line beginning with

id enables X to always start on boot.

</P>



<!-- CODE //-->

<PRE>

# Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:

#   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)

#   1 - Single user mode

#   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)

#   3 - Full multiuser mode<BR>

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE //-->



<A NAME="PAGENUM-40"><P>Page 40</P></A>







<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

#   4 - unused

#   5 - X11

#   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)

#

id:5:initdefault:

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->



<P>The default run level of a Linux box is 3. Changing the number to 5, as it is in the

preceding example, starts the X Window system, using the

xdm program to manage logins.

</P>



<TABLE BGCOLOR=#FFFF99><TR><TD>Getting to a Virtual Terminal from X</TD></TR><TR><TD>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

While in X you can get back to a text virtual terminal by using the

Control-Alt keystrokes versus the normal Alt keystrokes. To change from the X

window (opened on terminal 7) to another console, press Ctrl-Alt-F2 to get to the

second virtual terminal. To get back, press Alt-F7.

</BLOCKQUOTE>

</TD></TR></TABLE>







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