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<P><TT>telnet</TT> has been around almost as long as the Internet. By using <TT>telnet</TT>, you can connect to databases, library catalogs, and other information resources around the world. Want to see what the weather’s like in Vermont? Check on crop conditions in Azerbaijan? Get more information about somebody whose name you’ve seen online? <TT>telnet</TT> lets you do this and more. When you telnet to another computer, you’re going across the Internet and logging in to that machine. You won’t find graphics as you do on the Web; <TT>telnet</TT> is text only.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>NOTE: </B><TT>gopher</TT> is another early Internet tool, and many telnet sites are most easily found through gopher menus. See the following section on <TT>gopher</TT>.<HR></FONT>
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<P>To start <TT>telnet</TT> from your browser, enter the URL of the telnet site you want to go to. For example,</P>
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<B>telnet://pac.carl.org</B>
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<P>will start a <TT>telnet</TT> program and will take you to the location you entered. From there, you’re out of the browser and have entered “menu land.”</P>
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<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR>• <B>See</B> “Using <TT>telnet</TT> to Access Remote Computers,” <B>p. 578</B><HR></FONT>
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<TR><TD><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>Configuring Netscape to Work with telnet</B></FONT>
<P><TT>telnet</TT> probably isn’t built into your browser. You’ll need to get a <TT>telnet</TT> program, install it on your computer, and then configure the browser to use it. Here’s an example set of instructions for configuring <TT>telnet</TT> for Netscape:</P>
<DL>
<DD><B>1.</B> From the Netscape Navigator Options menu, choose Preferences.
<DD><B>2.</B> Select Applications and Directories from the available tabs.
<DD><B>3.</B> Select Browse next to the Telnet Application window.
<DD><B>4.</B> Find and select the telnet executable.
<DD><B>5.</B> Press <Return>. Netscape is now configured.
</DL>
<P>Windows 95 and Windows NT include telnet applications in the Windows system folder. For Macs and older versions of Windows, NCSA Telnet is a popular choice.
</P>
</TABLE>
<P>Most telnet sites are fairly easy to use and have online help systems. Most also work best—and, in some cases, only—with VT100 emulation. You may also find that many of the resources are now also available on the Web.
</P>
<H3><A NAME="Heading9"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Using <I>gopher</I> with a Web Browser
</FONT></H3>
<P><TT>gopher</TT> is an Internet service that allows you to access information by making selections from a series of menus. <TT>gopher</TT> was one of the first Internet services that made a serious attempt at offering a user-friendly interface.</P>
<P>When you connect to a site that offers <TT>gopher</TT> services, you get a menu of available choices. Each menu is either a file or another menu. You can select your choice from the menu without having to know the name or IP address of the destination site or the directory and filenames of the particular information you’re asking for. <TT>gopher</TT> handles the details for you.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>NOTE: </B>No information resources on the Internet are actually “gopher-specific.” Anything you can get through <TT>gopher</TT> can be accessed by other means, such as an HTML Web page, FTP, or <TT>telnet</TT>. In some cases, sites may have chosen to make resources available only via <TT>gopher</TT> for security reasons.<HR></FONT>
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<P>To access a gopher server with a Web browser, change the protocol part of the URL so that it says <B>gopher</B> instead of <B>http</B>. For example, the URL for the gopher server at <B>sunsite.unc.edu</B> is</P>
<DL>
<DD><B>gopher://sunsite.unc.edu</B>
</DL>
<P><TT>gopher</TT> provides an easy means to navigate the Internet. Unfortunately, the information that <TT>gopher</TT> can retrieve may not be well organized, so finding what you want can be a bit of an adventure. Because the items in Gopherspace are presented as a set of menus, you sometimes have to wade through many different menus to get to the file you’re searching for. This problem aside, however, a lot of good information is available through <TT>gopher</TT>.</P>
<P>One disadvantage of <TT>gopher</TT> is the lack of a standard subject list for the various gopher servers. The administrators for each gopher server have organized their information in their own manner. This means that each gopher server you access has different subjects. If gopher servers do happen to have some of the same subjects, chances are they aren’t named the same way.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>TIP: </B>Because Gopherspace has been around longer than the World Wide Web and is less organized, it’s too large to search randomly. <TT>veronica</TT> is like <TT>archie</TT>, except that it searches gopher servers. See <B>gopher://gopher.scs.unr.edu/00/veronica/veronica-faq</B> for more information on <TT>veronica</TT>.<HR></FONT>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>ON THE WEB: </B><BR>For a listing of gopher sites, see
<DL>
<DD><A HREF="http://www.yahoo.com/computers_and_internet/internet/gopher/">http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Internet/Gopher/</A>
</DL>
<HR></FONT>
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<H3><A NAME="Heading10"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Accessing Usenet News with a Web Browser</FONT></H3>
<P>In the simplest definition, Usenet news (also called <I>netnews</I> or simply <I>news</I>) is a forum for online discussion. Many computers around the world exchange chunks of information, called <I>articles</I>, on almost every subject imaginable. These computers aren’t physically connected to the same network; they’re logically connected in their capability to exchange data. See Chapter 34, “Surviving Usenet News,” for a complete discussion of Usenet news.</P>
<P>News articles on Usenet are divided into newsgroups by subject. These groups are then divided into hierarchies based on very general subject distinctions.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR>• <B>See</B> “How Usenet Is Structured,” <B>p. 659</B><HR></FONT>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Usenet news has conversation and discussion on almost any topic that you can think of. It’s a great way to find and exchange information.
</P>
<H3><A NAME="Heading11"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Getting on Mailing Lists</FONT></H3>
<P>Another avenue for discussion on the Internet comes from e-mail mailing lists. Mailing lists vary from Usenet news in that the various messages and discussion articles are sent via e-mail rather than via the Usenet news medium.
</P>
<P>Why use a mailing list instead of a Usenet newsgroup? Usually, mailing lists are targeted at a smaller group of people. It’s fairly difficult to set up a new newsgroup on Usenet as there are proposal, discussion, and voting periods required. Any systems administrator can set up a mailing list. Also, because each mailing list is maintained on one computer, the systems administrator has more control over who can be on the list and can deal with problem users more effectively. Some mailing lists, such as those that discuss computer security issues, are restricted to certain people. If you need to be on one of these lists, you have to apply with the list manager to be allowed to subscribe.</P><P><BR></P>
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