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<H2><A NAME="Heading1"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Chapter 31<BR>Smalltalk/X
</FONT></H2>
<P><I>by Rick McMullin</I></P>
<DL>
<DT><B>In This Chapter</B>
<DT>• What is Smalltalk/X?
<DT>• How to install Smalltalk/X
<DT>• Invoking Smalltalk/X
<DT>• Getting around in ST/X
<DT>• The Browsers option
<DT>• The Workspace option
<DT>• The File Browser option
<DT>• The Projects option
<DT>• The Utilities option
<DT>• The Goodies option
<DT>• The Games & Demos option
<DT>• Editing in browsers
<DT>• Using the Inspector
<DT>• Using the Debugger
</DL>
<P>This chapter describes the Smalltalk/X (ST/X) application that is included on the Linux CD-ROM. ST/X is a fairly complete implementation of the Smalltalk-80 programming environment. Anyone who has used Smalltalk-80 or any other version of Smalltalk will be impressed with this freely available implementation. This chapter also gives you an overview of the Smalltalk/X application. After reading the chapter you will be familiar with the facilities that Smalltalk/X provides and be able to navigate your way through the Smalltalk/X user interface.
</P>
<H3><A NAME="Heading2"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">What Is Smalltalk/X?</FONT></H3>
<P>When describing Smalltalk/X, it is probably appropriate to start with a description of Smalltalk itself. Smalltalk is an object-oriented programming language that has been a continuing development project at ParcPlace Systems since the early 1970s. Although it was not the first object-oriented language, it was the first object-oriented language to gain wide use in the industry.
</P>
<P>Smalltalk has been around for about 15 years now, but it was not until recently that it started to become popular. Many universities now teach a Smalltalk course as part of their standard computer science curriculum, and many companies have seen the value that Smalltalk adds in terms of quick development.</P>
<P>Smalltalk/X was developed by Claus Gittinger and was first released in 1988. It is almost identical to the behavior of the Smalltalk 80 implementation of the Smalltalk language. Smalltalk/X comes complete with an application launcher, several different browsers for browsing through the Smalltalk class hierarchy, and a very powerful debugging utility. The unique aspect of Smalltalk/X is that it can also behave as a Smalltalk-to-C translation utility. This is a very useful feature because this means that you are able to combine the speed of development that Smalltalk provides with the speed of execution that C provides.</P>
<H3><A NAME="Heading3"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">How to Install Smalltalk/X</FONT></H3>
<P>Although Smalltalk/X is on the Linux CD-ROM that comes with this book, it is not installed as part of the default install scripts. The Smalltalk/X files can be found in the <TT>devel/smalltalkx</TT> directory on the CD-ROM. To install Smalltalk/X, perform the following steps as <TT>root</TT>.</P>
<DL>
<DD><B>1.</B> Create a directory called <TT>/usr/local/lib/smalltalk</TT>.
<DD><B>2.</B> Copy the following files into the <TT>/usr/local/lib/smalltalk</TT> directory.
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<PRE>
bitmaps.tar.Z
doc.tar.Z
exe.tar.Z
goodies.tar.Z
source.tar.Z
</PRE>
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<DD><B>3.</B> Uncompress and un<TT>tar</TT> these files by entering the following commands:
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<PRE>
uncompress *.Z
tar -xf bitmaps.tar
tar -xf doc.tar
tar -xf exe.tar
tar -xf goodies.tar
tar -xf source.tar
</PRE>
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<DD><B>4.</B> You can now delete all of the <TT>tar</TT> files by entering the following command:
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<PRE>
rm *.tar
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</DL>
<P>The Smalltalk/X program should now be installed and ready to go. If you do not have write access to the <TT>/usr/local/lib</TT> directory, you can install Smalltalk/X in some other directory by following the same steps listed above. If you do this, you must set the <TT>SMALLTALK_LIBDIR</TT> variable to be equal to the new directory.</P>
<H3><A NAME="Heading4"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Invoking Smalltalk/X</FONT></H3>
<P>You invoke Smalltalk/X by typing
</P>
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<PRE>
smalltalk
</PRE>
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<P>in an Xterm window. When ST/X starts, it checks to see if there is an image file for it to use. If it cannot find an image file, it uses a file called <TT>smalltalk.rc</TT> to set up the default behavior for your environment. The image file that is loaded by default is called <TT>st.img</TT> and contains a snapshot of what your ST/X environment looked like the last time you exited. This allows you to resume exactly where you left off. You can save a snapshot under any name with the extension <TT>.img</TT>. To invoke ST/X with an image other than <TT>st.img</TT>, enter the following command at the prompt:</P>
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<PRE>
smalltalk -i nameofImage.img
</PRE>
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<H3><A NAME="Heading5"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Getting Around in ST/X</FONT></H3>
<P>Once ST/X is invoked, two windows or views appear. The Transcript view and the Launcher menu. The Transcript view is shown in Figure 31.1.
</P>
<P><A NAME="Fig1"></A><A HREF="javascript:displayWindow('images/31-01.jpg',500,157 )"><IMG SRC="images/31-01t.jpg"></A>
<BR><A HREF="javascript:displayWindow('images/31-01.jpg',500,157)"><FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>Figure 31.1.</B></FONT></A> The Transcript view.</P>
<P>The Transcript is the console where relevant systems information is shown. The Launcher menu is shown in Figure 31.2.
</P>
<P><A NAME="Fig2"></A><A HREF="javascript:displayWindow('images/31-02.jpg',131,255 )"><IMG SRC="images/31-02t.jpg"></A>
<BR><A HREF="javascript:displayWindow('images/31-02.jpg',131,255)"><FONT COLOR="#000077"><B>Figure 31.2.</B></FONT></A> The Launcher menu.</P>
<P>The Launcher allows access to the tools you will need to program your application. Table 31.1 gives the options available from the Launcher and a brief description of each.
</P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><CAPTION ALIGN=LEFT><B>Table 31.1.</B> The Launcher menu options.
<TR>
<TH COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TH WIDTH="30%" ALIGN="LEFT">Option
<TH WIDTH="70%" ALIGN="LEFT">Description
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Browsers
<TD>The pull-right menu of this option gives you access to browsers, senders, and implementors.
<TR>
<TD>Workspace
<TD>This option brings up a workspace view.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">FileBrowser
<TD>This browser allows inspection and manipulation of files and directories.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Projects
<TD>This option allows you to choose an existing or new project.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Utilities
<TD>This contains tools specific to your programming needs.
<TR>
<TD>Goodies
<TD>This contains other non-programming related tools.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Games & Demos
<TD>This contains some sample programs and games to play.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Info & Help
<TD>This contains topics that give you help and information on the ST/X environment and programming in Smalltalk.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Snapshot
<TD>This option takes a snapshot of your present ST/X environment and asks for the name of the image file you wish to store the snapshot in.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Exit
<TD>This option allows you to exit ST/X immediately, or exit and save a snapshot of the current environment.
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="2"><HR>
</TABLE>
<P>The following sections describe most of these options in more detail.
</P><P><BR></P>
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