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<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading75"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Smalltalk</FONT></H4>
<P>GNU <TT>Smalltalk</TT> is an interpreted object-oriented programming language system written in C. <TT>Smalltalk</TT> itself has become extremely popular among programmers recently and tends to be regarded as a “pure” object-oriented implementation language.</P>
<P>The features of GNU <TT>Smalltalk</TT> include a binary image save capability, the ability to invoke user-written C code and pass parameters to it, a GNU <TT>Emacs</TT> editing mode, a version of the X protocol that can be called from within <TT>Smalltalk</TT>, and automatically loaded per-user initialization files. It implements all of the classes and protocol in <TT>Smalltalk-80</TT>, except for the graphic user interface (GUI) related classes.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading76"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Superopt</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>Superopt</TT> is a function sequence generator that uses a repetitive generate-and-test approach to find the shortest instruction sequence for a given function. The interface is simple: You provide the GNU superoptimizer, <TT>gso</TT>, a function, a CPU to generate code for, and how many instructions you can accept.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading77"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">tar</FONT></H4>
<P>GNU <TT>tar</TT> is a file-archiving program that includes multivolume support, automatic archive compression/decompression, remote archives, and special features that allow <TT>tar</TT> to be used for incremental and full backups.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading78"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Termcap Library</FONT></H4>
<P>The GNU <TT>Termcap</TT> library is a replacement for the <TT>libtermcap.a</TT> library. It does not place an arbitrary limit on the size of <TT>Termcap</TT> entries, unlike most other <TT>Termcap</TT> libraries.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading79"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">TeX</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>TeX</TT> is a document-formatting system that handles complicated typesetting, including mathematics. It is GNU’s standard text formatter. For more information on <TT>TeX</TT>, please refer to Chapter 19, “<TT>TeX</TT> and <TT>LaTeX</TT>.”</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading80"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Texinfo</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>Texinfo</TT> is a set of utilities that generate both printed manuals and online hypertext-style documentation (called “Info”). Programs also exist for reading online Info documents. Version 3 has both GNU <TT>Emacs</TT> Lisp and standalone programs written in C or shell script. The <TT>texinfo</TT> mode for GNU <TT>Emacs</TT> enables easy editing and updating of <TT>Texinfo</TT> files. Programs provided include <TT>makeinfo</TT>, <TT>info</TT>, <TT>texi2dvi</TT>, <TT>texindex</TT>, <TT>tex2patch</TT>, and <TT>fixfonts</TT>.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading81"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Textutils</FONT></H4>
<P>The <TT>Textutils</TT> programs manipulate textual data and include the following traditional programs: <TT>cat</TT>, <TT>cksum</TT>, <TT>comm</TT>, <TT>csplit</TT>, <TT>cut</TT>, <TT>expand</TT>, <TT>fold</TT>, <TT>head</TT>, <TT>join</TT>, <TT>nl</TT>, <TT>od</TT>, <TT>paste</TT>, <TT>pr</TT>, <TT>sort</TT>, <TT>split</TT>, <TT>sum</TT>, <TT>tac</TT>, <TT>tail</TT>, <TT>tr</TT>, <TT>unexpand</TT>, <TT>uniq</TT>, and <TT>wc</TT>.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading82"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Tile Forth</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>Tile Forth</TT> is a 32-bit implementation of the <TT>Forth-83</TT> standard written in C. Traditionally, Forth implementations are written in assembler to use the underlying hardware as optimally as possible, but this also makes them less portable.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading83"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">time</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>time</TT> is used to report statistics (usually from a shell) about the amount of user, system, and real time used by a process.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading84"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">tput</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>tput</TT> is a portable way for shell scripts to use special terminal capabilities. GNU <TT>tput</TT> uses the <TT>Termcap</TT> database, instead of <TT>Terminfo</TT> as many others do.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading85"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">UUCP</FONT></H4>
<P>This version of <TT>UUCP</TT> (UNIX-to-UNIX copy) supports the <TT>f</TT>, <TT>g</TT>, <TT>v</TT> (in all window and packet sizes), <TT>G</TT>, <TT>t</TT>, e, Zmodem, and two new bi-directional (<TT>i</TT> and <TT>j</TT>) protocols. If you have a Berkeley sockets library, it can make TCP connections. If you have TLI libraries, it can make TLI connections.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading86"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">uuencode/uudecode</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>uuencode</TT> and <TT>uudecode</TT> are used to transmit binary files over transmission media that support only simple ASCII data. The most common use for these two utilities is on Usenet newsgroups.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading87"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">wdiff</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>wdiff</TT> is another interface to the GNU <TT>diff</TT> program. It compares two files, finding which words have been deleted or added to the first in order to create the second. It has many output formats and interacts well with terminals and programs such as <TT>more</TT>. <TT>wdiff</TT> is especially useful when two texts differ only by a few words and paragraphs have been refilled.</P>
<H3><A NAME="Heading88"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Summary</FONT></H3>
<P>The GNU project provides UNIX-like software freely to everyone, with the provision that it remain free if distributed to others. GNU software can be compiled for many different types of systems, including Linux. Many GNU utilities are improvements of existing Linux counterparts and include new implementations of shells, the C compiler, and a code debugger. Other types of GNU software include games, text editors, calculators, and communication utilities. Each utility can be separately uncompressed, untarred, and compiled itself.
</P>
<P>From here, you can read about related subjects:</P>
<DL>
<DD>Using text editors such as <TT>vi</TT> and <TT>Emacs</TT> to write your own documents is covered in Chapter 16, “Text Editors: <TT>vi</TT> and <TT>emacs</TT>.”
<DD>Printing your documents out on an attached printer is covered in Chapter 20, “Printing.”
<DD>Programming with the <TT>awk</TT> language, useful for managing files and matching patterns is covered in Chapter 25, “<TT>gawk</TT>.”
</DL>
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