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<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading34"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">gawk</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>gawk</TT> is upwardly compatible with the <TT>awk</TT> program, which uses pattern-matching to modify files. It also provides several useful extensions not found in other <TT>awk</TT> implementations (<TT>awk</TT>, <TT>nawk</TT>), such as functions to convert the case of a matched string. For more detailed information, see Chapter 25, “<TT>gawk</TT>.”</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading35"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">gdb</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>gdb</TT> is a debugger with a command-line user interface. Object files and symbol tables are read using the BFD library, which allows a single copy of <TT>gdb</TT> to debug programs of multiple-object file formats. Other new features include command-language improvements, remote debugging over serial lines or TCP/IP, and <I>watchpoints</I> (breakpoints triggered when the value of an expression changes). An X version of <TT>gdb</TT> called <TT>xxgdb</TT> also is available.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading36"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">gdbm</FONT></H4>
<P>The <TT>gdbm</TT> library is the GNU replacement for the traditional <TT>dbm</TT> and <TT>ndbm</TT> database libraries. It implements a database using lookup by hash tables.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading37"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Ghostscript</FONT></H4>
<P>Ghostscript is GNU’s PostScript-compatible graphics language. It accepts commands in PostScript and executes them by writing directly to a printer, drawing in an X window, or writing to a file that you can print later (or to a bitmap file that you can edit with other graphics programs).
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<P>Ghostscript includes a graphics library that can be called from C. This allows client programs to use Ghostscript’s features without having to know the PostScript language. For more information, consult Chapter 24, “Ghostscript.”</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading38"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Ghostview</FONT></H4>
<P>Ghostview is used as an X-based previewer for multipage files that are interpreted by Ghostscript.
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<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading39"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">gmp</FONT></H4>
<P>GNU <TT>mp</TT> (<TT>gmp</TT>) is an extensive library for arbitrary precision arithmetic on signed integers and rational numbers.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading40"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">GNats</FONT></H4>
<P>GNU’s A Tracking System is a problem-reporting system. It uses the model of a central site or organization that receives problem reports and administers their resolution by electronic mail. Although it is used primarily as a software bug-tracking system, it could also be used for handling system-administration issues, project management, and a variety of other applications.
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<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading41"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">GNU Graphics</FONT></H4>
<P>GNU Graphics is a set of programs that produces plots from ASCII or binary data. It supports output to PostScript and the X window system, has shell scripts examples using <TT>graph</TT> and <TT>plot</TT>, and features a statistics toolkit.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading42"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">GNU Shogi</FONT></H4>
<P>Shogi is a Japanese game similar to chess, with the exception that captured pieces can be returned to play. GNU <TT>Shogi</TT> is based on the implementation of GNU <TT>Chess</TT>; it implements the same features and uses similar heuristics. As a new feature, sequences of partial board patterns can be introduced in order to help the program play a good order of moves toward specific opening patterns. There are both character- and X-display interfaces.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading43"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">gnuplot</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>gnuplot</TT> is an interactive program for plotting mathematical expressions and data. It handles both curves (two-dimensional) and surfaces (three-dimensional).</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading44"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">GnuGo</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>GnuGo</TT> plays the game of Go (also known as Wei-Chi).</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading45"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">gperf</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>gperf</TT> is a utility to generate “perfect” hash tables. There are implementations of <TT>gperf</TT> for C and C++ that generate hash functions for both languages.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading46"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">grep</FONT></H4>
<P>This package contains GNU <TT>grep</TT>, <TT>egrep</TT>, and <TT>fgrep</TT>. These utilities, which search files for regular expressions, execute much faster than do their traditional counterparts.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading47"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Groff</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>Groff</TT> is a document-formatting system that includes drivers for PostScript, TeX <TT>dvi</TT> format, as well as implementations of <TT>eqn</TT>, <TT>nroff</TT>, <TT>pic</TT>, <TT>refer</TT>, <TT>tbl</TT>, <TT>troff</TT>, and the <TT>man</TT>, <TT>ms</TT>, and <TT>mm</TT> macros. Written in C++, these programs can be compiled with GNU C++ Version 2.5 or later.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading48"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">gzip</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>gzip</TT> can expand LZW-compressed files, but uses a different algorithm for compression that generally produces better results than the traditional <TT>compress</TT> program. It also uncompresses files compressed with the <TT>pack</TT> program.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading49"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">hp2xx</FONT></H4>
<P>GNU <TT>hp2xx</TT> reads HPGL files, decomposes all drawing commands into elementary vectors, and converts them into a variety of vector (including encapsulated PostScript, Metafont, various special TeX-related formats, and simplified HPGL) and raster output formats (including PBM, PCX, and HP-PCL).</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading50"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">indent</FONT></H4>
<P>GNU <TT>indent</TT> formats C source code according to the GNU coding standards but, optionally, can also use the BSD default, K&R, and other formats. It is also possible to define your own format. <TT>indent</TT> can handle C++ comments.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading51"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">Ispell</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>Ispell</TT> is an interactive spell checker that suggests other words with similar spelling as replacements for unrecognized words. <TT>Ispell</TT> can use system and personal dictionaries, and standalone and GNU <TT>Emacs</TT> interfaces are also available.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading52"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">m4</FONT></H4>
<P>GNU <TT>m4</TT> is an implementation of the traditional macroprocessor for C. It has some extensions for handling more than nine positional parameters to macros, including files, running shell commands, and performing arithmetic.</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading53"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">make</FONT></H4>
<P>GNU <TT>make</TT> adds extensions to the traditional program that is used to manage dependencies between related files. GNU extensions include long options, parallel compilation, flexible implicit pattern rules, conditional execution, and powerful-text manipulation functions. Recent versions have improved error reporting and added support for the popular <TT>+=</TT> syntax to append more text to a variable’s definition. For further information about <TT>make</TT>, please see Chapter 56, “Source Code Control.”</P>
<H4 ALIGN="LEFT"><A NAME="Heading54"></A><FONT COLOR="#000077">mtools</FONT></H4>
<P><TT>mtools</TT> is a set of public-domain programs that allow Linux systems to read, write, and manipulate files on an MS-DOS file system (usually a disk).</P><P><BR></P>
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