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<TITLE>Developer.com - Online Reference Library - 0672311739:RED HAT LINUX 2ND EDITION:Configuring and Building Kernels</TITLE>
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<!-- ISBN=0672311739 //-->
<!-- TITLE=RED HAT LINUX 2ND EDITION //-->
<!-- AUTHOR=DAVID PITTS ET AL //-->
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<!-- IMPRINT=SAMS PUBLISHING //-->
<!-- PUBLICATION DATE=1998 //-->
<!-- CHAPTER=05 //-->
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<P><CENTER>
<a href="0065-0067.html">Previous</A> | <a href="../ewtoc.html">Table of Contents</A> | <a href="0071-0073.html">Next</A>
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<A NAME="PAGENUM-68"><P>Page 68</P></A>
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH="360">
<TR><TD>
Filesystem
</TD><TD>
Description
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
/proc
</TD><TD>
To simplify access to system information, the
/proc filesystem was created to provide an intuitive
interface. Although it appears to exist on your hard disk, it
doesn't take up any actual space. Many programs rely on
your having this capability in place, so be sure to
include support for it.
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
NFS
</TD><TD>
The Network File System (NFS) support is needed
if you intend to access remote filesystems through
this standard protocol. For a server, this capability is a must.
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
SMB
</TD><TD>
This network protocol was developed for Windows
for Workgroups (also known as LanManager). This
capability is useful only if you need to have direct access
to Windows 95 or NT files as part of your filesystem.
For most people, this option should be tagged No. For
a server, you might want to select Module for this
option because you never know where you're going to have
to connect your machine.
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
NCP
</TD><TD>
NetWare support is done through the NCP
protocol. Like SMB, this capability isn't terribly useful for
most people; however, if you are in the process of transitioning away from NetWare, selecting this
option is a useful way to provide a seamless transition.
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
ISO9660
</TD><TD>
The ISO9660 filesystem is necessary if you intend to
use CD-ROMs because many CD-ROMs are encoded in this format. If you have a CD-ROM attached to
your machine, be sure to select Yes for this option.
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
OS/2 HPFS
</TD><TD>
Support for the OS/2 filesystem, HPFS,
is read-only under Linux. Most people should select No for
this option.
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
System V and Coherent
</TD><TD>
These two filesystems are from very old versions
of UNIX and are useful only as means of transitioning
old data to new filesystems. Most people should select
No for this option.
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
Amiga FFS
</TD><TD>
The Amiga support is still considered experimental
code and should be used with caution.
</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
UFS
</TD><TD>
UFS is available on several other UNIX systems,
most notably Solaris and SunOS. (Under SunOS, it
was known as 4.2.) The support for this filesystem is
read-only.
</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-69"><P>Page 69</P></A>
<CENTER>
<TABLE BGCOLOR="#FFFF99">
<TR><TD><B>
NOTE
</B></TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
If you plan to access a filesystem over the network, you do not need to support the
remote filesystem directly. You do need to support NFS, however. For example, if you intend
to mount a disk residing on a Solaris system, you do not need UFS support, only NFS.
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
</TABLE></CENTER>
<P>The Quota support option on this submenu is for people who need to limit the amount of
disk space being used by each user. Currently, this capability is supported only with the
second extended filesystem (ext2).
</P>
<P>The last option in this submenu is for Mandatory lock support. Typically, file locking is
done at the application level; however, there is an attempt to force locks on all files with this
feature. As of the 2.0.30 kernel, the additional software to support this feature isn't available, so do
not enable this option unless you are certain as to what you are
doing.
</P>
<H5><A NAME="ch05_ 19">Character Devices
</A></H5>
<P>Character devices work in a different manner than block devices. Block devices are
typically disks, tape drives, and so on that transfer data in large chunks. In contrast, character
devices transfer only one byte of data at a time; hence, they are typically keyboards, mice, serial
ports, and so on.
</P>
<P>As its name implies, the Character devices submenu is for the configuration of character
devices in the kernel. This configuration is usually for your mouse, serial ports, and parallel
ports, but a few unusual devices fall under this category as well.
</P>
<P>To get basic support for your serial ports, you need to set the Standard/generic serial
support option to Yes or Module. Unless you have a specific serial card such as an 8-port card, you
do not need any additional serial support.
</P>
<P>If you plan to use your printer or connect to a network via PLIP, be sure to set Parallel
printer support to Yes also.
</P>
<P>Mouse support comes in two flavors. You can use serial mice or bus mice. If you use
serial mice, you do not need to explicitly turn on the Mouse Support option because the
Standard/Generic serial support covers this capability. If you use a bus mouse, you need to set
Mouse Support (not serial mice) to Yes and indicate which particular mouse you have attached to
the machine.
</P>
<P>The remaining options in the Character devices submenu are unusual and often unused
features or hardware. Unless you explicitly know that your system uses them, select No for
these options.
</P>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-70"><P>Page 70</P></A>
<H5>
Sound
</H5>
<TABLE BGCOLOR=#FFFF99><TR><TD>NOTE</TD></TR><TR><TD><BLOCKQUOTE>
Before you attempt to configure kernel support for your sound card, be sure you have
the correct IRQ and I/O Base Memory address.
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P>To enable sound card support in the kernel, begin by selecting Yes for the first option for
Sound card support in the Sound submenu. By doing so, you can select which sound card you have
in your system.
</P>
<P>After you select Yes for the appropriate sound card in your system, scroll down to the
section for providing the appropriate IRQ, DMA, and Base I/O address information. Although
the information required varies from card to card, you should be able to get this information
from the manual or the on-card jumper settings.
</P>
<H5><A NAME="ch05_ 20">Kernel Hacking
</A></H5>
<P>Because the Linux kernel is available in source code form, many people have taken an
interest in its underlying functionality for one reason or another. To facilitate these people,
additional debugging information can be compiled into the kernel by selecting Yes for the Kernel
profiling support option.
</P>
<P>As part of the profiling support, many functions are invoked with the intention of trying
to force them to fail. This capability is useful during development to ensure that all possible
paths of execution are exercised and tested. The result is a kernel that is less stable; hence, unless
you truly understand the hows and whys of the kernel, you should leave the Kernel profiling
support option tagged No.
</P>
<H4><A NAME="ch05_ 21">
Final Notes About Configuration
</A></H4>
<P>Configuring a kernel can be tricky. Be ready to spend some time learning the options and
the effects each option has on others. You can easily misconfigure a kernel, so don't feel bad
if integrating a new feature correctly takes a few tries. As with any learning endeavor, as you
gain experience, you will be able to get the job done right more quickly and with less heartache.
</P>
<P>After you set all your options, be sure to save the configuration and not just quit without
saving. The options are then written to a file that is read as part of the compilation. Based on
your selections, only what is necessary is compiled.
</P>
<H3><A NAME="ch05_ 22">
Building the Kernel
</A></H3>
<P>Now that you have a configured kernel, you are ready to compile it. In comparison, the
entire process, known as building the kernel, is much easier than the configuration process.
</P>
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