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<TITLE>Developer.com - Online Reference Library - 0672311739:RED HAT LINUX 2ND EDITION:Common Desktop Environment</TITLE>
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<!-- TITLE=RED HAT LINUX 2ND EDITION //-->
<!-- AUTHOR=DAVID PITTS ET AL //-->
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<A NAME="PAGENUM-75"><P>Page 75</P></A>
<H3><A NAME="ch06_ 1">
CHAPTER 6
</A></H3>
<H2>
Common Desktop
Environment
</H2>
<B>
by Eric Goebelbecker
</B>
<H3><A NAME="ch06_ 2">
IN THIS CHAPTER
</A></H3>
<UL>
<LI> Installation 76
<LI> Getting Started with the CDE 77
<LI> Customizing Your Session 81
<LI> The Help Viewer 93
</UL>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-76"><P>Page 76</P></A>
<P>In 1993, several major software and hardware vendors joined together in an effort to
eliminate many of the arbitrary and confusing discrepancies among the various versions of UNIX.
These ranged from the monumental, such as key programming interfaces that made it difficult
for software developers to support several UNIX versions, to the less complicated but no less
bothersome or expensive issues, such as unnecessary variations in file locations, formats, and
naming conventions. Regardless of how "big" these differences were, the vendors recognized
that some standardization would have to take place if UNIX were to continue to withstand the
tough competition provided by Microsoft's Windows NT, which was finally becoming a serious
competitor to UNIX in the server arena.
</P>
<P>As a solution to the problem of inconsistent user interfaces, the Common Desktop
Environment (CDE) was presented in 1995 by Hewlett-Packard, Novell, IBM, and SunSoft (the <BR>
software division of Sun Microsystems). The CDE addresses not only the problem of
inconsistencies among versions of UNIX and among OEM versions of X Window, but also
greatly increases the accessibility of UNIX to nontechnical users accustomed to environments such
as Windows and Macintosh. The CDE not only presents the same "look and feel" on all <BR>
supported platforms, but it also provides base applications—such as a networked
workgroup calendar, a printer manager, context-sensitive help, and file and application
managers—that enable a user to completely avoid the often intimidating shell prompt and occasionally
confusing man pages. However, a power user can choose to turn off some of these features and <BR>
interface directly with the shell and command-line tools while still enjoying a consistent
interface if he or she has to use more than one UNIX variant. The CDE is so consistent in
UNIX versions that many vendors even distribute much of the same documentation!
</P>
<P>In this chapter, I will introduce the CDE implementation distributed by Red Hat
Software and developed by TriTeal. This version is fully compliant with the standard developed by
the major vendors and is delivered in Red Hat RPM format. Thus, any Red Hat user can
easily install it and enjoy the benefits of an easy-to-use GUI interface that is virtually identical to
that offered by commercial versions of UNIX, such as IBM's AIX,
Hewlett-Packard's HP/UX, and Sun's Solaris, among others.
</P>
<H3><A NAME="ch06_ 3">
Installation
</A></H3>
<P>The Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) makes it easy to install any application delivered in
the proper format. However, the TriTeal CDE is even simpler than most because the
installation media supplied by Red Hat Software comes with a shell script that installs the packages
for you. It is located in the top-level directory on the CDE CD-ROM and is named
install-cde.
</P>
<P>One reason for the shell script is that the CDE requires several other packages in order to
operate properly. Another reason is to enable the user to easily alter the base installation
directory. The RPM is fully capable of addressing both these issues, but because a
significant part of the CDE's target market is the beginner or nontechnical user, the shell script is provided
so
</P>
<A NAME="PAGENUM-77"><P>Page 77</P></A>
<P>that it can quietly handle the dependencies and interactively prompt the user for
installation options. A script with the same name and interface is also supplied with other versions of
the CDE, so its inclusion further provides consistency with other platforms and vendors.
</P>
<P>The packages required by the CDE are typical of standard Red Hat installations. The
required set includes the following:
</P>
<UL>
<LI> pdksh, which contains the public domain version of the Korn shell
<LI> libg++ and
gcc, which provide the GNU compiler and standard C++ libraries
<LI> Several packages for the support of login security, such as
crack and pam
<LI>
portmap, which is needed for the CDE's network features
</UL>
<P>All these packages are included on the CDE media, so these dependencies are not an issue.
The default root directory for the CDE software is
/usr/dt, so it is important that the workstation have the required disk space, about 40MB, available in the appropriate partition.
However, because the shell script asks the user if another directory should be used, it shouldn't be a
problem if the required free space is only available
in another partition.
</P>
<CENTER>
<TABLE BGCOLOR="#FFFF99">
<TR><TD><B>
CAUTION
</B></TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
The CDE packages configure the system to automatically start the CDE login manager
after a system reboot. Because the login manager runs under X Window, it is important that
X Window be configured correctly before the CDE is installed.
</BLOCKQUOTE></TD></TR>
</TABLE></CENTER>
<H3>
Getting Started with the CDE
</H3>
<P>After the installation script is run, the system should be rebooted. The CDE login
manager starts in the last part of the initialization process. If you are watching the system as it
initializes, you will see the normal console prompt, but don't bother trying to log in. The login
manager will appear shortly, depending on how long it takes X Window to initialize on your system.
</P>
<H4><A NAME="ch06_ 4">
Logging in to the CDE
</A></H4>
<P>The login manager (dtlogin) screen is based on an older X Window application called
xdm. With it, users are logged directly in to X Window, not only without having to run a shell
script such as startx, but also with a default environment that can be configured in advance by
the system administrator to suit the local environment. Much of this configurability is derived
from xdm, but like much of the CDE, dtlogin adds a lot of new features. From the user's
perspective, the login process is simple: Type in the username and press Enter. Then enter
the password and press Enter again. dtlogin also enables a user to select the type of session he or she
wants to start. These sessions can be specified by the administrator, but the default setup will
probably suit most users' needs:
</P>
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