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<TITLE>Developer.com - Online Reference Library - 0672311739:RED HAT LINUX 2ND EDITION:System Startup and Shutdown</TITLE>

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<!-- ISBN=0672311739 //-->

<!-- TITLE=RED HAT LINUX 2ND EDITION //-->

<!-- AUTHOR=DAVID PITTS ET AL //-->

<!-- PUBLISHER=MACMILLAN //-->

<!-- IMPRINT=SAMS PUBLISHING //-->

<!-- PUBLICATION DATE=1998 //-->

<!-- CHAPTER=04 //-->

<!-- PAGES=0037-0052 //-->

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<P><CENTER>

<a href="0047-0049.html">Previous</A> | <a href="../ewtoc.html">Table of Contents</A> | <a href="../ch05/0053-0056.html">Next</A>

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<A NAME="PAGENUM-50"><P>Page 50</P></A>













<P>Under the sbin and usr/bin directories, you'll find a minimal set of programs. The idea is

to at least get you to the point where you can try to check your existing partitions, and

possibly mount your drive. For example, if you have a Linux partition on

/dev/hda3, you can try

</P>





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<PRE>

# mount -t ext2 /dev/hda3 tmp

</PRE>

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<P>to mount your partition under tmp, and then attempt a fix. If you've installed Red Hat

Linux, and for some reason your system won't boot, and you don't have your Red Hat boot disks,

you can also try booting from your Red Hat Linux CD-ROM. Reboot your computer to

DOS, change directory to the CD-ROM and then

DOSUTILS, and then type AUTOBOOT, which will

execute the AUTOBOOT.BAT batch file and put you into the Red Hat installation process.

</P>









<P>As a final note, you should remember that if you add another hard drive to your Linux

system, be sure to make an entry for its partition in

/etc/fstab so the drive will automatically be

mounted when you next start your system.

</P>









<H4><A NAME="ch04_ 32">

For More Information

</A></H4>









<P>For information regarding the Linux boot process, a host of handy tips on building boot

disks, pointers to boot disk packages, and a number of helpful scripts, see Tom Fawcett and

Graham Chapman's &quot;Linux Bootdisk HOWTO&quot; under

/usr/doc/HOWTO or at

<a href="http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/linux.html.">http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/linux.html.</A>

</P>









<P>You should also look for the following rescue packages and other helpful utilities at

<a href="http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/linux/system/recovery:">http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/recovery:</A>

</P>









<UL>

<LI>          Scott Burkett's Bootkit

<LI>          Oleg Kibirev's CatRescue

<LI>          Thomas Heiling's Rescue Shell Scripts

<LI>          Karel Kubat's SAR&#151;Search and Rescue

<LI>          Tom Fawcett's YARD

</UL>









<P>Read the man pages for the following commands on your Red Hat Linux system:

</P>









<UL>

<LI>          badblocks

<LI>          debugfs

<LI>          dump

<LI>          dumpe2fs

<LI>          e2fsck

<LI>          fsck

<LI>          fstab

<LI>          halt

<LI>          hdparm

<LI>          init

</UL>



<A NAME="PAGENUM-51"><P>Page 51</P></A>









<UL>

<LI>          inittab

<LI>          mke2fs

<LI>          mount

<LI>          rdev

<LI>          restore

<LI>          shutdown

<LI>          swapon

<LI>          tune2fs

</UL>









<P>If you ever lose or destroy your copies of the Red Hat Linux boot disks, you can get

replacements at <a href="http://www.redhat.com/ftp.html.">http://www.redhat.com/ftp.html.</A>

</P>









<P>For details on how 4.4BSD boots, see Tabbed Section 1 of

4.4BSD System Manager's Manual. For details about other UNIX boot processes, see

UNIX Unleashed: System Administrator's Edition.

</P>









<P>For loads of tips on maintaining your system, and background information about

different Linux filesystems, see Lars Wirzenius's Linux System Administrators' Guide

0.5. You'll find a copy at

ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/LDP.

</P>









<P>If you're interested in a Linux filesystem

defragmenter, check out Stephen Tweedie and Alexei Vovenko's defragmenter. You'll find it at

<a href="http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/linux/system/filesystems/defrag-0.6.tar.gz.">http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/filesystems/defrag-0.6.tar.gz.</A>

</P>









<H3><A NAME="ch04_ 33">

Summary

</A></H3>









<P>This chapter covers a number of topics concerning starting and shutting down Linux,

including the following:

</P>









<UL>

<LI>          How Linux boots

<LI>          How Linux starts

<LI>          What runlevels are and when to use them

<LI>          How to start and stop processes properly

<LI>          How to use Red Hat's

              tksysv runlevel editor

<LI>          How to properly shut down your Linux system

<LI>          How to properly restart your Linux system

<LI>          The do's and don'ts of maintaining your system

<LI>          How to create a root disk and copy of your kernel

<LI>          How to possibly undelete a file

<LI>          How to possibly recover and remount a Linux partition

</UL>



<A NAME="PAGENUM-52"><P>Page 52</P></A>













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