appendix-f.html

linux-unix130.linux.and.unix.ebooks130 linux and unix ebookslinuxLearning Linux - Collection of 12 E

the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in
effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent
must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
</P>

<P>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
</P>

<A NAME="PAGENUM-411"><P>Page 411</P></A>


<B>GNU General Public License<BR>
</B>

<B>TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
</B>
<OL START="0">
<LI>          This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed
by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this
General Public License. The &quot;Program,&quot; below, refers to any such program or work, and
a &quot;work based on the Program&quot; means either the Program or any derivative work
under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program
or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language.
(Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term &quot;modification&quot;.) Each licensee
is addressed as &quot;you&quot;.
<P>          Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by
this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not
restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a
work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the
Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
</P>
</OL>
<OL>
<LI>          You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as
you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately
publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep
intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and
give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
<P>          You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at
your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.</P>
<LI>          You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it,
thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications
or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of
these conditions:
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>               (a)     You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that
you changed the files and the date of any change.
<P>               (b)     You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in
part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as
a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
<P>               (c)     If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run,
you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most
ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate
copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these
conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if
the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an
announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</OL>

<A NAME="PAGENUM-412"><P>Page 412</P></A>


<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>          These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be
reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License,
and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as
separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is
a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the
terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire
whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
<P>          Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights
to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to
control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.
<P>          In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage
or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of
this License.
</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<OL START=3>
<LI>          You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2)
in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above
provided that you also do one of the following:
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>               (a)     Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source
code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on
a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
<P>               (b)     Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any
third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing
source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding
source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
<P>               (c)     Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to
distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for
noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or
executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
<P>                    The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all
the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface
definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the
executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need
not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself
accompanies the executable.
</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</OL>

<A NAME="PAGENUM-413"><P>Page 413</P></A>


<BLOCKQUOTE><BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>                    If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to
copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source
code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though
third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<OL START="4">
<LI>          You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as
expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense
or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in
full compliance.
<LI>          You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it.
However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its
derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this
License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on
the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms
and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
<LI>          Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program),
the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy,
distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not
impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You
are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
<LI>          If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or
for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on
you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions
of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you
cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and
any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the
Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free
redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through
you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
<P>          If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as
a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
<P>          It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or
other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the
sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which
is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous
contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance
on
</P>
</OL>
</BLOCKQUOTE>

<A NAME="PAGENUM-414"><P>Page 414</P></A>


<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he
or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee
cannot impose that choice.
<P>          This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a
consequence of the rest of this License.
</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<OL START=8>
<LI>          If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either
by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places
the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution
limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written
in the body of this License.
<LI>          The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in
spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
<P>          Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies
a version number of this License which applies to it and &quot;any later version&quot;, you
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any
later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify
a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by
the Free Software Foundation.
</P>
<LI>          If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs
whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission.
For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the
Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will
be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our
free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
</OL>
<CENTER>
<P>
NO WARRANTY
</P>
</CENTER>
<OL START=11>
<LI>          BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS
NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED
BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN
WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE
THE PROGRAM &quot;AS IS&quot; WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY
AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
</OL>


<A NAME="PAGENUM-415"><P>Page 415</P></A>

<OL START=12>

<LI>          IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED
TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER
PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS
PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING
ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA
BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR
THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH
ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY
HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
<CENTER>      END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
</CENTER></OL>

<B>How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
</B>

<P>If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the
public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute
and change under these terms.
</P>

<P>To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start
of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should
have at least the &quot;copyright&quot; line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
</P>

<!-- CODE //-->
<PRE>
&lt; one line to give the program name and a brief idea of what it does. &gt;

                Copyright c 19yy &lt; name of author &gt;
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE //-->

<P>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
</P>

<P>If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an
interactive mode:
</P>

<!-- CODE SNIP //-->
<PRE>
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright c 19yy name of author

</PRE>
<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->

<A NAME="PAGENUM-416"><P>Page 416</P></A>

<!-- CODE //-->
<PRE>

Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type
&quot;show w&quot;. This is free software, and you are welcome to
redistribute it under certain conditions; type &quot;show c&quot; for details.
</PRE>
<!-- END CODE //-->

<P>The hypothetical commands &quot;show w&quot; and &quot;show c&quot; should show the appropriate parts of
the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other
than &quot;show w&quot; and &quot;show c&quot;; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items&#151;whatever suits
your program.
</P>

<P>You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any,
to sign a &quot;copyright disclaimer&quot; for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
</P>

<P>
&lt;signature of Ty Coon&gt; , 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</P>

<P>This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to
permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If
this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.
</P>



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