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linux-unix130.linux.and.unix.ebooks130 linux and unix ebookslinuxLearning Linux - Collection of 12 E

<P>8.3.3. So What Can I Do with It?     108
</P>

<P>8.3.4. Stick with Us!     110
</P>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>

<P><b>Part II RPM and Developers: How to Distribute Your Software <BR>
More Easily with RPM</b>
</P>

<P>
<b>     9     The Philosophy Behind RPM     113</b>
</P>
<blockquote>
<p>
9.1. Pristine Sources     114
</P>

<P>
9.2. Easy Builds     115
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
9.2.1. Reproducible Builds     115
</P>

<P>9.2.2. Unattended Builds     116
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
9.3. Multiarchitecture/Operating System Support
116
</P>

<P>
9.4. Easier for Your Users     116
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
9.4.1. Easy Upgrades     116
</P>

<P>9.4.2. Intelligent Configuration File Handling
116
</P>

<P>9.4.3. Powerful Query Capabilities     117
</P>

<P>9.4.4. Easy Package Verification     117
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
9.5. To Summarize     117
</p>
</blockquote>

<P>
<b>     10     The Basics of Developing with RPM     119</b>
</P>
<blockquote>
<p>
10.1. The Inputs     120
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
10.1.1. The Sources     120
</P>

<P>10.1.2. The Patches     120
</P>

<P>10.1.3. The Spec File     121
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
10.2. The Engine: RPM     123
</P>

<P>
10.3. The Outputs     123
</p>

<blockquote>
<P>
10.3.1. The Source Package File     123
</P>

<P>10.3.2. The Binary RPM     123
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
10.4. And Now&#133;     124
</P>
</blockquote>


<A NAME="PAGENUM-9"><P>Page 9</P></A>

<P>
<b>     11     Building Packages: A Simple Example
125</b>
</P>
<blockquote>
<p>
11.1. Creating the Build Directory Structure
126
</P>

<P>
11.2. Getting the Sources     127
</P>

<P>
11.3. Creating the Spec File     127
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
11.3.1. The Preamble     127
</P>

<P>11.3.2. The %prep Section     129
</P>

<P>11.3.3. The %build Section     130
</P>

<P>11.3.4. The %install Section     130
</P>

<P>11.3.5. The %files Section     131
</P>

<P>11.3.6. The Missing Spec File Sections     132
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
11.4. Starting the Build     132
</P>

<P>
11.5. When Things Go Wrong     136
</p>

<blockquote>
<P>
11.5.1. Problems During the Build     136
</P>


<P>11.5.2. Testing Newly Built Packages     137
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
11.6. Summary     137
</p>
</blockquote>

<P>
<b>     12     rpm -b Command Reference     139</b>
</P>
<blockquote>
<p>
12.1. rpm -b: What Does It Do?     140
</p>

<blockquote>
<P>
12.1.1. rpm -bp: Execute %prep      141
</P>

<P>12.1.2. rpm -bc: Execute %prep, %build      142
</P>

<P>12.1.3. rpm -bi: Execute %prep, %build,
%install      143
</P>

<P>12.1.4. rpm -bb: Execute %prep, %build,
%install, Package (bin)     144
</P>

<P>12.1.5. rpm -ba: Execute %prep, %build,
%install, Package (bin, src)     145
</P>

<P>12.1.6. rpm -bl: Check %files List     146
</P>

<P>12.1.7. --short-circuit: Force Build to Start at a Particular Stage
149
</P>

<P>12.1.8. --buildarch &lt;arch&gt;: Perform a Build for the
&lt;arch&gt; Architecture     151
</P>

<P>12.1.9. --buildos &lt;os&gt;: Perform Build for the
&lt;os&gt; Operating System     152
</P>

<P>12.1.10. --sign: Add a Digital Signature to the Package
152
</P>

<P>12.1.11. --test: Create, Save Build Scripts for Review
153
</P>

<P>12.1.12. --clean: Clean Up After Build     154
</P>

<P>12.1.13. --buildroot &lt;path&gt;: Execute
%install Using &lt;path&gt; 
As the Root     155
</P>

<P>12.1.14. --timecheck &lt;secs&gt;: Print a Warning if Files to Be <BR>
Packaged Are More Than &lt;secs&gt; Old     158
</P>

<P>12.1.15. -vv: Display Debugging Information
159
</P>

<P>12.1.16. --quiet: Produce As Little Output As Possible
159
</P>

<P>12.1.17. --rcfile &lt;rcfile&gt;: Set Alternate
rpmrc File to &lt;rcfile&gt;      160
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
12.2. Other Build-Related Commands     160
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
12.2.1. rpm --recompile: What Does It Do?     160
</P>

<P>12.2.2. rpm --rebuild: What Does It Do?     161
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
12.3. Summary     162
</P>
</blockquote>

<A NAME="PAGENUM-10"><P>Page 10</P></A>

<P>
<b>     13     Inside the Spec File     163</b>
</P>
<blockquote>
<p>
13.1. Comments: Notes Ignored by RPM     164
</P>

<P>
13.2. Tags: Data Definitions     164
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
13.2.1. Package Naming Tags     165
</P>

<P>13.2.2. Descriptive Tags     166
</P>

<P>13.2.3. Dependency Tags     169
</P>

<P>13.2.4. Architecture- and Operating System_Specific Tags
172
</P>

<P>13.2.5. Directory-Related Tags     174
</P>

<P>13.2.6. Source and Patch Tags     175
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
13.3. Scripts: RPM's Workhorse     178
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
13.3.1. Build-Time Scripts     178
</P>

<P>13.3.2. Install/Erase-Time Scripts     181
</P>

<P>13.3.3. Verification-Time Script&#151;The
%verifyscript Script     183
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
13.4. Macros: Helpful Shorthand for Package Builders
183
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
13.4.1. The %setup Macro     184
</P>

<P>13.4.2. The %patch Macro     191
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
13.5. The %files List     194
</P>

<P>
13.6. Directives for the %files List     194
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
13.6.1. File-Related Directives     195
</P>

<P>13.6.2. Directory-Related Directives     197
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
13.7. The Lone Directive: %package      200
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
13.7.1. -n &lt;string&gt;: Use &lt;string&gt; As the Entire
Subpackage Name     201
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
13.8. Conditionals     201
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
13.8.1. The %ifarch Conditional     202
</P>

<P>13.8.2. The %ifnarch Conditional     202
</P>

<P>13.8.3. The %ifos Conditional     203
</P>

<P>13.8.4. The %ifnos Conditional     203
</P>

<P>13.8.5. The %else Conditional     203
</P>

<P>13.8.6. The %endif Conditional     203
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
13.9. Summary     204
</p>
</blockquote>

<P>
<b>     14     Adding Dependency Information to a Package
205</b>
</P>
<blockquote>
<p>
14.1. An Overview of Dependencies     206
</P>

<P>
14.2. Automatic Dependencies     206
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
14.2.1. The Automatic Dependency Scripts     207
</P>

<P>14.2.2. Automatic Dependencies: An Example     208
</P>

<P>14.2.3. The autoreqprov Tag: Disable Automatic <BR>
Dependency Processing     209
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
14.3. Manual Dependencies     209
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
14.3.1. The requires Tag     209
</P>

<P>14.3.2. The conflicts Tag     211
</P>

<P>14.3.3. The provides Tag     212
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
14.4. To Summarize     213
</P>
</blockquote>

<A NAME="PAGENUM-11"><P>Page 11</P></A>


<P>
<b>    15     Making a Relocatable Package     215</b>
</P>
<blockquote>
<p>
15.1. Why Relocatable Packages?     216
</P>

<P>
15.2. The prefix tag: Relocation Central     216
</P>

<P>
15.3. Relocatable Wrinkles: Things to Consider
217
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
15.3.1. %files List Restrictions     218
</P>

<P>15.3.2. Relocatable Packages Must Contain Relocatable Software
218
</P>

<P>15.3.3. The Relocatable Software Is Referenced by <BR>
Other Software     219
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
15.4. Building a Relocatable Package     219
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
15.4.1. Tying Up the Loose Ends     221
</P>

<P>15.4.2. Test-Driving a Relocatable Package     222
</P>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>

<P><b>     16     Making a Package That Can Build Anywhere
225</b>
</P>

<blockquote>
<p>
16.1. Using Build Roots in a Package     226
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
16.1.1. Some Things to Consider     229
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
16.2. Having RPM Use a Different Build Area
230
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
16.2.1. Setting Up a Build Area     230
</P>

<P>16.2.2. Directing RPM to Use the New Build Area
231
</P>

<P>16.2.3. Performing a Build in a New Build Area
231
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
16.3. Specifying File Attributes     233
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
16.3.1. %attr: How Does It Work?     233
</P>

<P>16.3.2. Betcha Thought We Forgot     235
</P></blockquote>
</blockquote>

<P><b>     17     Adding PGP Signatures to a Package
237</b>
</P>
<blockquote>
<p>
17.1. Why Sign a Package?     238
</P>

<P>
17.2. Getting Ready to Sign     238
</p>

<blockquote>
<P>
17.2.1. Preparing PGP: Creating a Key Pair     238
</P>

<P>17.2.2. Preparing RPM     240
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
17.3. Signing Packages     241
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
17.3.1. --sign: Sign a Package at Build Time     241
</P>

<P>17.3.2. --resign: Replace a Package's Signature(s)
243
</P>

<P>17.3.3. --addsign: Add a Signature to a Package
244
</P>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>

<P><b>     18     Creating Subpackages     247</b>
</P>
<blockquote>
<p>
18.1. What Are Subpackages?     248
</P>

<P>
18.2. Why Are Subpackages Needed?     248
</P>

<P>
18.3. Our Sample Spec File: Subpackages Galore!
248
</P>

<P>
18.4. Spec File Changes for Subpackages     249
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
18.4.1. The Subpackage's Preamble     249
</P>

<P>18.4.2. The %files List     253
</P>

<P>18.4.3. Install and Erase Time Scripts     255
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
18.5. Build-Time Scripts: Unchanged for Subpackages
257
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
18.5.1. Our Spec File: One Last Look     257
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
18.6. Building Subpackages     259
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
18.6.1. Giving Subpackages the Once-Over     260
</P>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


<A NAME="PAGENUM-12"><P>Page 12</P></A>



<P><b>     19     Building Packages for Multiple Architectures and <BR>
Operating Systems     263</b>
</P>
<br>
<p>
19.1. Architectures and Operating Systems: A Primer
264
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
19.1.1. Let's Just Call Them Platforms     265
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
19.2. What Does RPM Do to Make Multiplatform
Packaging Easier?     265
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
19.2.1. Automatic Detection of the Build Platform
265
</P>

<P>19.2.2. Automatic Detection of the Install Platform
265
</P>

<P>19.2.3. Platform-Dependent Tags     265
</P>

<P>19.2.4. Platform-Dependent Conditionals     266
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
19.3. Build and Install Platform Detection
266
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
19.3.1. Platform-Specific rpmrc Entries     266
</P>

<P>19.3.2. Overriding Platform Information at Build Time
268
</P>

<P>19.3.3. Overriding Platform Information at Install Time
268
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
19.4. optflags: The Other rpmrc File Entry
269
</P>

<P>
19.5. Platform-Dependent Tags     269
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
19.5.1. The excludexxx Tags     270
</P>

<P>19.5.2. The exclusivexxx Tags     270
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
19.6. Platform-Dependent Conditionals     270
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
19.6.1. Common Features of All Conditionals     271
</P>

<P>19.6.2. %ifxxx      272
</P>

<P>19.6.3. %ifnxxx      272
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
19.7. Hints and Kinks     273
</p>


<P>
<b>     20     Real-World Package Building     275</b>
</P>
<blockquote>
<p>
20.1. An Overview of Amanda     276
</P>

<P>
20.2. Initial Building Without RPM     276
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
20.2.1. Setting Up a Test Build Area     277
</P>

<P>20.2.2. Getting Software to Build     278
</P>

<P>20.2.3. Installing and Testing     279
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
20.3. Initial Building with RPM     281
</p>
<blockquote>
<P>
20.3.1. Generating Patches     281
</P>

<P>20.3.2. Making a First-Cut Spec File     283
</P>

<P>20.3.3. Getting the Original Sources Unpacked
285
</P>

<P>20.3.4. Getting Patches Properly Applied     286
</P>

<P>20.3.5. Letting RPM Do the Building     287
</P>

<P>20.3.6. Letting RPM Do the Installing     288
</P>

<P>20.3.7. Testing RPM's Handiwork     289
</P>
</blockquote>

<p>
20.4. Package Building     289
</p>