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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->
<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->
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<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>stty......<TT>Change Terminal Settings</TT></B></FONT></P>
<IMG SRC="images/05-28i.jpg"><P><B>stty</B> <I>setting option(s)</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>stty</B> command returns and changes terminal settings. With no arguments, <B>stty</B> returns the current settings: baud rate, line discipline number, and line settings that have been changed from the values set by <B>stty sane</B>.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>NON-OPTION SETTINGS</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The opposite behavior can be toggled by preceding the setting with <B>-</B>.</P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><TR>
<TD WIDTH="27%"><B>clocal</B>
<TD WIDTH="73%">Disables modem control signals.
<TR>
<TD><B>cread</B>
<TD>Allows input to be received.
<TR>
<TD><B>crtscts</B>
<TD>Enables RTS/CTS handshaking.
<TR>
<TD><B>cs5 cs6 cs7 cs8</B>
<TD>Sets character size to 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits.
<TR>
<TD><B>cstopb</B>
<TD>Uses two stop bits per character (one with -).
<TR>
<TD><B>hup</B>
<TD>Sends a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty.
<TR>
<TD><B>hupcl</B>
<TD>Sends a hangup signal when the last process closes the tty.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>parenb</B>
<TD>Generates parity bit in output and expect parity bit in input.
<TR>
<TD><B>parodd</B>
<TD>Sets odd parity (even parity when preceded with -).
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>INPUT SETTINGS</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The opposite behavior can be toggled by preceding the setting with <B>-</B>.</P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><TR>
<TD WIDTH="25%"><B>brkint</B>
<TD WIDTH="75%">Breaks cause an interrupt signal.
<TR>
<TD><B>icrnl</B>
<TD>Translates carriage return to newline.
<TR>
<TD><B>ignbrk</B>
<TD>Ignores breaks.
<TR>
<TD><B>igncr</B>
<TD>Ignores carriage return.
<TR>
<TD><B>ignpar</B>
<TD>Ignores parity errors.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>imaxbel (np)</B>
<TD>Enables beeping and not flushing input buffer if a character arrives when the input buffer is full.
<TR>
<TD><B>inlcr</B>
<TD>Translates newline to carriage return.
<TR>
<TD><B>inpck</B>
<TD>Enables input parity checking.
<TR>
<TD><B>istrip</B>
<TD>Strings high (8th) bit of input characters.
<TR>
<TD><B>iuclc (np)</B>
<TD>Translates uppercase characters to lowercase.
<TR>
<TD><B>ixany (np)</B>
<TD>Allows any character to restart output.
<TR>
<TD><B>ixon</B>
<TD>Enables XON/XOFF flow control.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>ixoff tandem</B>
<TD>Enables sending of stop character when the system input buffer is almost full, and of start character when it becomes almost empty again.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>parmrk</B>
<TD>Marks parity errors with a 255-0-character sequence).
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OUTPUT SETTINGS</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The opposite behavior can be toggled by preceding the setting with <B>-</B>.</P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><TR>
<TD WIDTH="30%"><B>bs1 bs0 (np)</B>
<TD WIDTH="70%">Sets backspace delay style.
<TR>
<TD><B>cr3 cr2 cr1 cr0 (np)</B>
<TD>Sets carriage-return delay style.
<TR>
<TD><B>ff1 ff0 (np)</B>
<TD>Sets form-feed delay style.
<TR>
<TD><B>nl1 nl0 (np)</B>
<TD>Sets newline delay style.
<TR>
<TD><B>ocrnl (np)</B>
<TD>Translates carriage return to newline.
<TR>
<TD><B>ofdel (np)</B>
<TD>Uses delete characters for fill instead of null characters.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>ofill (np)</B>
<TD>Uses fill (padding) characters instead of timing for delays.
<TR>
<TD><B>olcuc (np)</B>
<TD>Translates lowercase characters to uppercase.
<TR>
<TD><B>onlcr (np)</B>
<TD>Translates newline to carriage return-newline.
<TR>
<TD><B>onlret (np)</B>
<TD>Uses newline as a carriage return.
<TR>
<TD><B>onocr (np)</B>
<TD>Does not print carriage returns in the first column.
<TR>
<TD><B>opost</B>
<TD>Postprocesses output.
<TR>
<TD><B>tab3 tab2 tab1 tab0 (np)</B>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Sets horizontal tab delay style.
<TR>
<TD><B>vt1 vt0 (np)</B>
<TD>Sets vertical tab delay style.
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>su......<TT>Substitute User</TT></B></FONT></P>
<IMG SRC="images/05-29i.jpg"><P><B>su</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>su</B> command runs a shell with a substitute user and substitute group IDs. Basically, it allows you to login the system as a new user on a temporary basis, with a real and effective user ID, group ID, and supplemental groups. The shell is taken from password entry, or <B>/bin/sh</B> if none is specified there. If the user has a password, <B>su</B> prompts for it unless the user has a real user ID 0 (the super-user).</P>
<P>The current directory remains the same. If one or more arguments are given, they are passed as additional arguments to the shell.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="25%"><B>-</B>
<TD WIDTH="75%">Makes the shell a login shell.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-c <I>command</I></B>
<TD>Passes command to the shell instead of starting an interactive shell.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-f</B>
<TD>Passes the <B>-f</B> option to the shell. Use this with the C shell and not the Bourne Again SHell.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-m</B>
<TD>Leaves the HOME, USER, LOGNAME, or SHELL alone.
<TR>
<TD><B>-s <I>SHELL</I></B>
<TD>Runs <I>SHELL</I> instead of the user’s shell.
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>sunst......<TT>Substitute Definition</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>subst</B> <I>victims substitutions</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>subst</B> substitutes definitions into <I>filename(s)</I>. It’s used mainly for customizing software to local conditions. Each <I>victim</I> file is altered according to the contents of the <I>substitutions</I> file.</P>
<P>The <I>substitutions</I> file contains one line per substitution. A line consists of two fields separated by one or more tabs. The first field is the <I>name</I> of the substitution, the second is the <I>value</I>. Neither should contain the character <B>#</B>, and use of text-editor metacharacters like <B>&</B> and \ is also unwise; the name in particular should be restricted to alphanumeric. A line starting with # is a comment and is ignored.</P>
<P>In the <I>victims</I>, each line on which a substitution is to be made (a <I>target</I> line) must be preceded by a <I>prototype</I> line. Substitutions are done using the <B>sed</B> editor.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>sx......<TT>Send Xmodem</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>sx</B> <I>option(s) filename</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>sx</B> command sends a file to another system using the Xmodem protocol. There’s a long list of options to this command; see the online-manual page for more information.</P><P><BR></P>
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