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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->

<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->

<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->

<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->

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<P><BR></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>minicom......<TT>Serial Communications</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>minicom</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>minicom</B> command launches a serial-communications package that somewhat resembles Telix. It features a dialing directory with auto-redial, support for UUCP-style lock files on serial devices, a separate script language interpreter, capture to file, multiple users with individual configurations, and more.</P>

<P>When you run <B>minicom</B>, there are a number of available options and commands. Check the online manual pages for more information; also, go ahead and investigate <B>minicom</B> after you launch it.</P>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>NOTE:&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>There is an X Window System version, <B>xminicom</B>, available. It works the same as <B>minicom</B>, except in a X window.<HR></FONT>

</BLOCKQUOTE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-a</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Sets attribute usage.

<TR>

<TD><B>-c</B>

<TD>Sets color usage.

<TR>

<TD><B>-d</B>

<TD>Directly dials a directory input on startup.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-l</B>

<TD>Specifies a literal translation of characters with the high bit set.

<TR>

<TD><B>-m</B>

<TD>Overrides the command key with the <B>Alt</B> (<B>Meta</B>) key.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-M</B>

<TD>Overrides the command key with the <B>Alt</B> (<B>Meta</B>) key, assuming that the <B>Alt</B> key is the 8th bit of the character high (sends 128 &#43; character code).

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-t</B>

<TD>Sets a terminal type, overwriting the environment TERM variable.

<TR>

<TD><B>-o</B>

<TD>Skips initialization.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-s</B>

<TD>Launches <B>minicom</B> in setup mode, with configuration menus displayed. (Only for root users.)

<TR>

<TD><B>-z</B>

<TD>Displays the terminal status line.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMAND</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>seyon</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>nice......<TT>Runs Commands Nicely</TT></B></FONT></P>

<IMG SRC="images/05-13i.jpg"><P><B>nice option</B> <I>command argument(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>nice</B> command allows you to set priorities for commands; if there&#146;s a heavy system load, the command won&#146;t run or use up too many system resources. The niceness can be set between 15 (the lowest priority) to -20 (the highest priority), but a privileged user is the only one that can set a negative priority.</P>

<P>If there are no arguments, the <B>nice</B> command prints the current scheduling priority.</P>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>NOTE:&nbsp;&nbsp;</B>This description is of the GNU command, not the <B>nice</B> shell command.<HR></FONT>

</BLOCKQUOTE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTION</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-<I>adjustment</I></B>

<TD WIDTH="70%">Adds <I>adjustment</I> instead of 10 to the command&#146;s priority.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>nohup......<TT>No Hangups</TT></B></FONT></P>

<IMG SRC="images/05-14i.jpg"><P><B>nohup</B> <I>command arguments</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>nohup</B> command ensures that a command specified on the same command line is run without interruption, even if you log off the system.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>oclock......<TT>Round Clock</TT></B></FONT></P>

<IMG SRC="images/05-15i.jpg"><P><B>oclock</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>oclock</B> command launches a round analog clock.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="30%"><B>-fg <I>color</I></B>

<TD WIDTH="70%">Sets the color for the hands and the jewel of the clock.

<TR>

<TD><B>-bg <I>color</I>b</B>

<TD>Sets the background color.

<TR>

<TD><B>-jewel <I>color</I></B>

<TD>Sets the color for the jewel.

<TR>

<TD><B>-minute <I>color</I></B>

<TD>Sets the color for the minute hand.

<TR>

<TD><B>-hour <I>color</I></B>

<TD>Sets the color for the hour hand.

<TR>

<TD><B>-bd <I>color</I></B>

<TD>Sets the color for the window border.

<TR>

<TD><B>-bw <I>width</I></B>

<TD>Sets the width for the window border.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-transparent</B>

<TD>Pares the clock down to the jewel, the hands, and the border.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMAND</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>xclock</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>passwd......<TT>Change Password</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>passwd</B> <I>name password</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>passwd</B> changes your password. You can run <B>passwd</B> by itself and be prompted for the old password and then the new password.</P>

<P>A new password must be at least six characters long with both upper- and lowercase letters.</P>

<P>A privileged user can change the password for another user by specifying a username and a new password on the command line.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>pathchk......<TT>Check Path</TT></B></FONT></P>

<IMG SRC="images/05-16i.jpg"><P><B>pathchk</B> <I>option filename</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>pathchk</B> command checks whether <I>filename</I> is valid (that is, whether directories in the pathname are searchable) or portable (meeting length requirements).</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTION</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-p</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Checks for POSIX portability.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>pidof......<TT>Show Process ID</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>pidof</B> <I>option(s) program</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>pidof</B> command lists the process ID of a running program. You usually don&#146;t use it by itself, but rather in run-level change scripts. It&#146;s actually a link to the <B>killall5</B> command.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-s</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Returns only one PID.

<TR>

<TD><B>-o <I>pids</I></B>

<TD>Omits <I>pids</I>.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>halt

<DD>init

<DD>reboot

<DD>shutdown</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>pname......<TT>Spreadsheet Calculator</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>pname</B> <I>option(s) filename</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>pname</B> spreadsheet calculator works like a financial spreadsheet: you enter your data into rows and columns of cells, which can contain values, label strings, or expressions (formulas). Calculations are made in the same manner as a spreadsheet.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-c</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Starts <B>pname</B> with recalculation being done in column order.

<TR>

<TD><B>-m</B>

<TD>Starts <B>pname</B> with automatic recalculation disabled.

<TR>

<TD><B>-n</B>

<TD>Starts <B>pname</B> in quick numeric entry mode.

<TR>

<TD><B>-r</B>

<TD>Starts <B>pname</B> with recalculation done in row order.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-R</B>

<TD>Starts <B>pname</B> with automatic newline action set to increment the row.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-x</B>

<TD>Causes the <B>Get</B> and <B>Put</B> commands to encrypt and decrypt data files.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-C</B>

<TD>Starts <B>pname</B> with automatic newline action set to increment the column.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>There is an extensive set of commands that can be used with <B>pname</B>. Check the online-manual pages for a complete listing.</P><P><BR></P>

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