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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->

<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->

<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->

<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->

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<P><BR></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>checknews......<TT>Checks Usenet News</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>checknews</B></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>checknews</B> command is usually used in a user profile (<B>.profile</B>) or a shell script (<B>.login</B> ) to call the <B>readnews</B> command in order to check for unread Usenet news messages when a user logs in. The <B>readnews</B> command is used with the <B>-c</B> option.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>readnews</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>chfn......<TT>Change Finger Information</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>chfn</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>chfn</B> command changes the information stored in your finger profile. This information is returned over the network to anyone requesting information about you via the finger command. This information includes your name, your office number, your office phone, and your home phone. (By default, this information is not stored on a Linux system; you must enter it yourself.) The existing finger information is returned in brackets if you decide to enter the new finger information interactively (the process if you run <B>chfn</B> on a command line by itself).</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-f <I>name</I></B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Enters your full name.

<TR>

<TD><B>-h <I>number</I></B>

<TD>Enters your home phone number.

<TR>

<TD><B>-o <I>office</I></B>

<TD>Enters your office number.

<TR>

<TD><B>-p <I>number</I></B>

<TD>Enters your office phone number.

<TR>

<TD><B>-u</B>

<TD>Returns Help information.

<TR>

<TD><B>-v</B>

<TD>Prints the version number.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>EXAMPLE</I></B></FONT></P>

<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

$ chfn

Changing finger information for Kevin.

Name [Kevin]:

Office [101]:

Office Phone [555-1212]:

Home Phone [555-1213]:

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMAND</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>finger</B>

<DD><B>passwd</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>elm......<TT>Electronic Mail</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>elm</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>elm</B> command is an interactive mail system, more advanced in its capabilities than the <B>mail</B> command. You can use <B>elm</B> to send a message from a command line (with text input from the command line), send a file to a user from a command line, or specify nothing and use the <B>elm</B> interface to read and send mail.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-a</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Uses an arrow cursor.

<TR>

<TD><B>-c</B>

<TD>Expands an alias.

<TR>

<TD><B>-d <I>level</I></B>

<TD>Sets the debugging level.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-f <I>folder</I></B>

<TD>Reads mail from <I>folder</I> rather than the inbox.

<TR>

<TD><B>-i <I>file</I></B>

<TD>Includes <I>file</I> in the outgoing mail message.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-m</B>

<TD>Turns the menu off and uses the space to display more message headers.

<TR>

<TD><B>-s <I>subj</I></B>

<TD>Specifies a subject.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>fastmail</B>

<DD><B>mail</B>

<DD><B>metamail</B>

<DD><B>pine</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>fastmail......<TT>Fast Mail</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>fastmail</B> <I>option(s) filename address-list</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>fastmail</B> command sends batch mail to a large group of people in staggered fashion so that the mail system is not overwhelmed. Basically, it&#146;s a simplified mail system for the general user.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-b <I>bcc-list</I></B>

<TD WIDTH="75%">Sends blind carbon copies (BCC) to the e-mail addresses in <I>bcc-list</I>.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-c <I>cc-list</I></B>

<TD>Sends carbon copies (CC) to the e-mail addresses in <I>cc-list</I>.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-C <I>comments</I></B>

<TD>Adds <I>comments</I> as a Comments: line, added to the RFC822 header.

<TR>

<TD><B>-d</B>

<TD>Lists errors in debugging mode.

<TR>

<TD><B>-f <I>from</I></B>

<TD>Sets <I>from</I> as the user name in the From: line.

<TR>

<TD><B>-i msg-id</B>

<TD>Adds a message-ID to the mail message.

<TR>

<TD><B>-r <I>replyto</I></B>

<TD>Sets <I>reply-to</I> field.

<TR>

<TD><B>-R <I>references</I></B>

<TD>Sets descriptive/reference text for the message.

<TR>

<TD><B>-s <I>subject</I></B>

<TD>Sets the Subject: line of the message with <I>subject</I>.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>elm</B>

<DD><B>rmail</B>

<DD><B>sendmail</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>finger......<TT>Finger Information</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>finger</B> <I>option(s) user</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>finger</B> command returns information about a user, stored in their <B>.plan</B> and <B>.project</B> files. (Most users don&#146;t bother to set up these files, so don&#146;t be surprised if no information is returned.) You can specify <I>user</I> as a login name (which must be exact) or as a first or last name (where all matches are returned; this can be a long list in a networked environment).</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-l</B>

<TD WIDTH="85%">Displays information in the long format. In addition to the information provided in the <B>-s</B> option (login name, real name, terminal name, write status, idle time, office location, and office phone number), this option adds the home directory, home phone number, login shell, mail status, and the contents of the <B>.plan</B>, <B>.project</B>, and <B>.forward</B> files.

<TR>

<TD><B>-m</B>

<TD>Overrides matching of first and last names.

<TR>

<TD><B>-p</B>

<TD>Cancels delivery of <B>.plan</B> and <B>.project</B> files.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-s</B>

<TD>Displays information in the short format: login name, real name, terminal name, write status, idle time, office location, and office phone number.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>formail......<TT>Format Mail</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>formail</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>formail</B> command formats standard input (usually a file, in this instance) into a mailbox format, which can then be manipulated by mail programs.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="25%"><B>&#43;<I>num</I></B>

<TD WIDTH="75%">Skips the first <I>num</I> messages.

<TR>

<TD><B>-<I>num</I></B>

<TD>Splits only <I>num</I> number of messages.

<TR>

<TD><B>-a <I>headerfield</I></B>

<TD>Adds <I>headerfield</I> to messages lacking headers.

<TR>

<TD><B>-b</B>

<TD>Ignores bogus <B>From:</B> fields.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-c</B>

<TD>Concatenates header fields that are more than one line long.

<TR>

<TD><B>-d</B>

<TD>Allows loose formatting.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-e</B>

<TD>Places messages immediately after one another, instead of inserting blank lines between them.

<TR>

<TD><B>-f</B>

<TD>Ignores nonmailbox-format lines.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-i <I>headerfield</I></B>

<TD>Adds new <I>headerfield</I> even if one already exists; old headerfield is renamed <B>Old-<I>headerfield</I></B>.

</TABLE>

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