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<TITLE>Linux in Plain English:Linux Commands Organized by Group</TITLE>

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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->

<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->

<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->

<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->

<!--PUBLISHER=IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.//-->

<!--IMPRINT=M & T Books//-->

<!--CHAPTER=5//-->

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<P><BR></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>mt......<TT>Mount Tape Drive</TT></B></FONT></P>

<IMG SRC="images/05-154i.jpg"><P><B>mt</B> <I>option operation count</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>mt</B> command controls a magnetic tape drive. The name of the default tape drive is <B>/usr/include/sys/mtio.h</B>, but this can be overridden with the environment variable TAPE or a command-line option to <B>mt</B>. Every command line with this command must end with an operation.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPERATIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>asf <I>count</I></B>

<TD WIDTH="75%">Sets the absolute space to file number <I>count</I>. Equivalent to rewind followed by <B>fsf <I>count</I></B>.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>bsf <I>count</I></B>

<TD>Backward spaces <I>count</I> files. The tape is positioned on the first block of the next file.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>bsfm</B>

<TD>Backward spaces <I>count</I> file marks. The tape is positioned on the beginning-of-the-tape side of the file mark.

<TR>

<TD><B>bsr <I>count</I></B>

<TD>Backward spaces <I>count</I> records.

<TR>

<TD><B>eof, weof <I>count</I></B>

<TD>Writes <I>count</I> EOF marks at current position.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>eom</B>

<TD>Spaces to the end of the recorded media on the tape (for appending files onto tapes).

<TR>

<TD><B>erase</B>

<TD>Erases the tape.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>fsf <I>count</I></B>

<TD>Forward spaces <I>count</I> files. The tape is positioned on the first block of the next file.

<TR>

<TD><B>fsr <I>count</I></B>

<TD>Forward spaces <I>count</I> records.

<TR>

<TD><B>offline, rewoffl</B>

<TD>Rewinds the tape and unloads the tape.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>retension</B>

<TD>Rewinds the tape, then winds it to the end of the reel, then rewinds it again.

<TR>

<TD><B>rewind</B>

<TD>Rewinds the tape.

<TR>

<TD><B>status</B>

<TD>Prints the status information about the tape unit.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTION</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="25%"><B>-f <I>device</I></B>

<TD WIDTH="75%">Uses <I>device</I> instead of the default tape drive.

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<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>pkgtool......<TT>Software Maintenance</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>pkgtool</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>pkgtool</B> command is the standard package maintenance tool provided with the Slackware Linux distribution. It is called by the <B>setup</B> utility to perform system installation. It can also be called without any arguments, and will then allow the user to install, remove (or view, in the case of the color version) software packages through an interactive menu system. There are two versions of the <B>pkgtool</B> utility: <B>/sbin/pkgtool.tty</B> and <B>/usr/lib/setup/cpkgtool</B>. These function in a similar fashion, but the first one uses standard tty text output, while the second uses full screen (and possibly color) ncurses output. The color version depends on the presence of the <B>/usr/lib/terminfo</B> terminal library.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>Most users will not want to use any options when running <B>pkgtool</B>. These are generally used only when <B>pkgtool</B> is run by <B>setup</B>. Feel free to try them, but be careful.</P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%"><TR>

<TD WIDTH="35%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-sets <I>#A#B#C#</I></B>

<TD WIDTH="65%">Installs the disk sets A, B, C. Separate the disk-set names with # symbols.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-source_mounted</B>

<TD>Does not attempt to unmount and remount the source device with each disk.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-ignore_tagfiles</B>

<TD>Installs every <B>*.tgz</B> package encountered regardless of what the tagfiles say.

<TR>

<TD><B>-tagfile <I>tagfile</I></B>

<TD>Specifies tagfile.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-source_dir <I>directory</I></B>

<TD>Specifies the directory in which the subdirectories for each disk are found.

<TR>

<TD><B>-target_dir <I>directory</I></B>

<TD>Specifies the location of the target root directory.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-source_device <I>device</I></B>

<TD>Specifies the source device to install from. This is not used if you&#146;ve provided the <B>-source_mounted</B> option. It&#146;s usually used when installing from floppy, as in <B>-source_device/dev/fd0u1440</B> or <B>-source_device /dev/fd1h1200</B>.

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<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>quota......<TT>Disk Usage</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>quota</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>

<P><B>quota</B> <I>option(s) user</I></P>

<P><B>quota</B> <I>option(s) group</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>quota</B> command displays disk usage and limits for specific users, all users, or groups.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-g</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Prints group quotas for the group of which the user is a member.

<TR>

<TD><B>-q</B>

<TD>Returns information on filesystems where usage is over quota.

<TR>

<TD><B>-v</B>

<TD>Display quotas on filesystems where no storage allocated.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>readprofile......<TT>Reads Kernel Profile</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>readprofile</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>readprofile</B> command passes along <B>/proc/profile</B> information to print the following data in three columns: clock ticks, the C function in the kernel where those many ticks occurred, and the normalized load of the procedure, calculated as a ratio between the number of ticks and the length of the procedure.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-a</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Prints all symbols in the mapfile.

<TR>

<TD><B>-i</B>

<TD>Provides profiling step information used by the kernel.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-m <I>mapfile</I></B>

<TD>Specifies a <I>mapfile</I>, which by default is <B>/usr/src/linux/System.map</B>. This is useful when the mapfile isn&#146;t the last one you compiled.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-p <I>profile</I></B>

<TD>Specifies a different profiling buffer, which by default is <B>/proc/profile</B>.

<TR>

<TD><B>-r</B>

<TD>Resets the profiling buffer.

<TR>

<TD><B>-t</B>

<TD>Provides output in terse output (unfilled).

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-v</B>

<TD>Provides output in verbose format: in four columns and filled with blanks. It adds the RAM address of a kernel function.

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