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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->
<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->
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<!--CHAPTER=5//-->
<!--PAGES=462-465//-->
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<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>host......<TT>Host Information</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>host</B> <I>option(s) hostname server</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>host</B> command prints information about a specified <I>hostname</I> or <I>server</I> using DNS. You can also specify IP addresses, which will then be converted to hostnames through DNS.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-a</B>
<TD WIDTH="80%">Looks for ANY type of resource record class.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-A</B>
<TD>Looks up the IP address for a hostname, then does a reverse lookup to see if they match. Also looks up the hostname of an address, then does a reverse lookup to see if they match. Also checks IP addresses for all hostnames in a given zone. Returns no information if everything matches.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-c <I>class</I></B>
<TD>Looks for a specified resource record <I>class</I> (ANY, CH, CHAOS, CS, CSNET, HS, HESIOD, IN, INTERNET, or *). The default is IN.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-C</B>
<TD>Lists all machines in a zone, determining of the zone’s servers are authoritative.
<TR>
<TD><B>-d</B>
<TD>Works in debugging mode.
<TR>
<TD><B>-dd</B>
<TD>Works in debugging mode, but with more detail than <B>-d</B>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-D</B>
<TD>Returns the number of unique hosts in a zone, as well as the names of hosts with more than one address per name.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-e</B>
<TD>Suppresses information about hosts outside of a specific zone.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-E</B>
<TD>Returns the number of unique hosts in a zone, as well as the names of extra-zone hosts.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-f <I>file</I></B>
<TD>Sends output to <I>file</I> as well as standard output.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-F <I>file</I></B>
<TD>Sends output to <I>file</I>, with extra resource data sent to standard output.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-G <I>zone</I></B>
<TD>Returns the number of unique hosts in a zone and the names of gateway hosts.
<TR>
<TD><B>-H <I>zone</I></B>
<TD>Returns the number of unique hosts in a zone.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-i</B>
<TD>Returns information about an IP address: hostname and class (always PTR).
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-I <I>chars</I></B>
<TD>Ignores warnings about hostnames with illegal characters (specified by <I>chars</I>) in their names.
<TR>
<TD><B>-l <I>zone</I></B>
<TD>Returns information about all the hosts in <I>zone</I>.
<TR>
<TD><B>-L <I>level</I></B>
<TD>Specifies the <I>level</I> to search to when using the <B>-l</B> option.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-m</B>
<TD>Prints MB, MG, and MR records; expands MR and MG records to MB records.
<TR>
<TD><B>-o</B>
<TD>Suppresses sending data to standard output.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-p <I>server</I></B>
<TD>Returns information about a primary <I>server</I> in a specific zone. Designed for use with the <B>-l</B> option.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-P <I>servers</I></B>
<TD>Returns information about preferred hosts; <I>servers</I> is a comma-delimited list. Used with the <B>-l</B> option.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-q</B>
<TD>Suppresses warnings in silent mode, but not error messages.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-r</B>
<TD>Requests cached information from server, not new queried information.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-R</B>
<TD>Searches components of the local command when non-fully-qualified names are found.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-S</B>
<TD>Returns all hosts, but not subzones, to standard output, including the host class and IP addresses. Used with the <B>-l</B> option.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-t <I>type</I></B>
<TD>Requests information about <I>type</I> entries in the resource record; <I>type</I> is A, ANY, NS, PTR, or *.
<TR>
<TD><B>-T</B>
<TD>Prints time-to-live information for cached data.
<TR>
<TD><B>-u</B>
<TD>Uses TCP instead of UDP.
<TR>
<TD><B>-v</B>
<TD>Works in verbose mode.
<TR>
<TD><B>-vv</B>
<TD>Works in verbose mode, including the defaults on <I>host</I>.
<TR>
<TD><B>-w</B>
<TD>Works persistently until host returns information.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-x</B>
<TD>Queries multiple hosts and zones; can also be used to query multiple servers with <B>-X</B>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-X</B>
<TD>Queries multiple servers as well as multiple hosts and zones.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-Z</B>
<TD>Includes trailing dots in resource records, as well as time-to-live data and the class name.
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMAND</I></B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>hostname</B>
</DL>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>hostname......<TT>Set Hostname</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>hostname</B> <I>option hostname</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>hostname</B> command returns information about the current hostname, while a privileged user can use the command to set a new hostname.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-d</B>
<TD WIDTH="80%">Prints Domain Name Server (DNS) domain name.
<TR>
<TD><B>-f</B>
<TD>Prints the full domain name.
<TR>
<TD><B>-s</B>
<TD>Prints the short domain name.
<TR>
<TD><B>-F <I>file</I></B>
<TD>Checks <I>file</I> for the hostname.
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>ping......<TT>Network Ping</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>ping</B></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>ping</B> command send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts, to determine network performance.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-c <I>count</I></B>
<TD WIDTH="70%">Stops after sending (and receiving) <I>count</I> ECHO_RESPONSE packets.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-d</B>
<TD>Sets the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-f</B>
<TD>Outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more.
<TR>
<TD><B>-i <I>wait</I></B>
<TD>Waits <I>wait</I> seconds between sending packets.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-l <I>preload</I></B>
<TD>Sends <I>preload</I> many packets as fast as possible before falling into its normal mode of behavior.
<TR>
<TD><B>-n</B>
<TD>Works in numeric mode.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-p <I>pattern</I></B>
<TD>Specifies “pad’” bytes to fill out the packet you send.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-q</B>
<TD>Works in quiet mode; nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and when finished.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-r</B>
<TD>Bypasses the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached network.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-R</B>
<TD>Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the ECHO_REQUEST packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-s <I>packetsize</I></B>
<TD>Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent. The default is 56.
<TR>
<TD><B>-v</B>
<TD>Prints verbose output.
</TABLE>
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