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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->
<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->
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<P><BR></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>gprof......<TT>Display Profile Data</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>gprof</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>gprof</B> command produces an execution profile of C, Pascal, or Fortran77 programs. The effect of called routines is incorporated in the profile of each caller. The profile data is taken from the call graph profile file (<B>gmon.out</B>, by default), which is created by programs that are compiled with the <B>-pg</B> option of <B>cc</B>, <B>pc</B>, and <B>f77</B>. The <B>-pg</B> option also links in versions of the library routines that are compiled for profiling.</P>
<P><B>Gprof</B> reads the given object file (the default is <B>a.out</B>) and establishes the relation between its symbol table and the call graph profile from <B>gmon.out</B>. If more than one profile file is specified, the <B>gprof</B> output shows the sum of the profile information in the given profile files.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="35%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-a</B>
<TD WIDTH="65%">Suppresses printing of statically declared functions.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-b</B>
<TD>Suppresses printing of descriptions of each field in the profile.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-c</B>
<TD>Determines the static call graph of the program with a heuristic that examines the text space of the object file.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-e <I>name</I></B>
<TD>Suppresses the printing of the graph profile entry for routine <I>name</I> and all its descendants (unless they have other ancestors that aren’t suppressed).
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-E <I>name</I></B>
<TD>Suppresses the printing of the graph profile entry for routine <I>name</I> (and its descendants), like <B>-e</B>, and also excludes the time spent in <I>name</I> (and its descendants) from the total and percentage time computations.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-f <I>name</I></B>
<TD>Prints the graph profile entry of only the specified routine <I>name</I> and its descendants.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-F <I>name</I></B>
<TD>Prints the graph profile entry of only the routine <I>name</I> and its descendants, like <B>-f</B>, and also uses only the times of the printed routines in total time and percentage computations.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-k <I>fromname toname</I></B>
<TD>Deletes arcs from routine <I>fromname</I> to routine <I>toname</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-s</B>
<TD>Produced a profile file <B>gmon.sum</B> that represents the sum of the profile information in all the specified profile files.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-z</B>
<TD>Displays routines that have zero usage (as shown by call counts and accumulated time).
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>cc</B>
<DD><B>monitor</B>
<DD><B>profile</B>
<DD><B>prof</B>
</DL>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>imake......<TT>Make Front End</TT></B></FONT></P>
<IMG SRC="images/05-143i.jpg"><P><B>imake</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>imake</B> command generates <B>makefiles</B> from a template, a set of <B>cpp</B> macro functions, and a per-directory input file called an <B>Imakefile</B>. This allows machine dependencies (such as compiler options, alternate command names, and special <B>make</B> rules) to be kept separate from the descriptions of the various items to be built.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="25%"><B>-D<I>define</I></B>
<TD WIDTH="75%">Sets directory-specific variables; sent to <B>cpp</B>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-I<I>directory</I></B>
<TD>Sets the directory containing the <B>imake</B> template and configuration files.
<TR>
<TD><B>-T<I>template</I></B>
<TD>Specifies the master template file.
<TR>
<TD><B>-f <I>filename</I></B>
<TD>Sets name of the per-directory input file.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-C <I>filename</I></B>
<TD>Specifies the name of the <B>.c</B> file being constructed in the current directory.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-s <I>filename</I></B>
<TD>Specifies the name of the <B>make</B> description file to be generated, but does not invoke <B>make</B>.
<TR>
<TD><B>-e</B>
<TD>Executes the final <B>Makefile</B>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-v</B>
<TD>Prints the <B>cpp</B> command line used to generate the <B>Makefile</B>.
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>make</B>
<DD><B>xmkmf</B>
</DL>
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