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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->
<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->
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<P><BR></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>frm......<TT>Lists Mail Fields</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>frm</B> <I>option(s)</I> <B>[</B><I>folder</I> <B>|</B> <I>username</I><B>]</B></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>frm</B> command list the From: and Subject: fields of selected messages in a mailbox or folder.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-n</B>
<TD WIDTH="80%">Uses the same numbering scheme as <B>readmsg</B>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-q</B>
<TD>Works in quiet mode, producing only a one-line summary for each mailbox or folder specified.
<TR>
<TD><B>-Q</B>
<TD>Works in very quiet mode, returning only error messages.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-s <I>status</I></B>
<TD>Uses <I>status</I> to specify messages; <I>status</I> can be new, unread, old, or read.
<TR>
<TD><B>-S</B>
<TD>Summarizes the number of messages.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-t</B>
<TD>Displays full From: field, even if it means displacing the Subject: field.
<TR>
<TD><B>-v</B>
<TD>Prints a header before listing the contents.
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>readmsg</B>
<DD><B>elm</B>
<DD><B>mail</B>
<DD><B>mailx</B>
</DL>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>ftp......<TT>File-Transfer Protocol</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>ftp</B> <I>option(s) hostname</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>ftp</B> command connects to a remote computer—either on your own network or on the wider Internet. After you’re connected to the remote computer, you can copy files back and forth, delete files, and view directory contents so long as you have the proper permissions on the remote computer to do so.</P>
<P>There are two different levels of FTP access usually found on the Internet. <I>Anonymous FTP</I> is one level. It occurs when certain portions of a computer are opened to the Internet at large, and anyone can download files from the FTP server. In these cases, you pass along a username of <I>anonymous</I> and a password of your electronic-mail address. The second level of access occurs when FTP servers are set up to allow access to specific people. In these cases, you’ll need an account on the FTP server, complete with username and password.</P>
<P>Using the FTP command is rather simple—you merely use it on a command line (with or without options; options are usually unnecessary) with or without a hostname. A new FTP prompt replaces the system prompt (as you will see later in the Examples), and from there you enter commands that are executed on the remote machine.</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"><HR><B>NOTE: </B>Most Linux distributions, including Slackware Linux, come with the WU-FTP FTP server. This subject is covered under the <B>ftpd</B> command.<HR></FONT>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="35%"><B>-d</B>
<TD WIDTH="65%">Turns on debugging.
<TR>
<TD><B>-g</B>
<TD>Turns off filename globbing.
<TR>
<TD><B>-i</B>
<TD>Turns off interactive mode.
<TR>
<TD><B>-n</B>
<TD>Turns off auto-login after connecting to remote site.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-v</B>
<TD>Turns on verbose mode, where all information from the remote server is displayed.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>! <I>command arg(s)</I></B>
<TD>Runs a shell on the local machine, along with optional <I>argument(s)</I>.
<TR>
<TD><B>$ <I>macro arg(s)</I></B>
<TD>Runs a <I>macro</I> on the local machine.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>? <I>command</I></B>
<TD>Displays Help information for the specified FTP <I>command</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>account <I>password</I></B>
<TD>Specifies a password that will be required after you login a remote system. This is used with FTP server that are not anonymous in nature.
<TR>
<TD><B>append <I>file1 file2</I></B>
<TD>Appends the local <I>file1</I> to the remote <I>file2</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>ascii</B>
<TD>Sets transfer mode to ASCII (text) format, which is the default. If you transfer binary files in ASCII format, you’ll find that the binary files have been reduced to rubbish.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>bell</B>
<TD>Launches a system sound every time a file is transferred.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>binary</B>
<TD>Sets transfer mode to binary (file) format. This can be used to transfer any file; it’s the opposite of the <B>ascii</B> setting.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>bye</B>
<TD>Ends the remote FTP session and the local <B>ftp</B> program.
<TR>
<TD><B>case</B>
<TD>Changes the case of all incoming files to lowercase.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>cd <I>directory</I></B>
<TD>Changes the current directory on the remote machine to <I>directory</I>. This only works if you have access to the <B>cd</B> command on the remote FTP server.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>cdup</B>
<TD>Changes the current directory on the remote machine to one level up in the hierarchy.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>chmod <I>options file</I></B>
<TD>Changes the permissions on the specified <I>file</I> on the remote machine. If you don’t specify new permissions with <I>options</I>, the <B>ftp</B> command will prompt you for new permissions.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>close</B>
<TD>Ends the remote FTP sessions, but leaves the <B>ftp</B> program running locally.
<TR>
<TD><B>cr</B>
<TD>Changes carriage-return stripping to <B>on</B>.
<TR>
<TD><B>delete <I>filename</I></B>
<TD>Deletes <I>filename</I> from the remote FTP server.
<TR>
<TD><B>debug</B>
<TD>Turns on debugging mode.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>dir <I>directory filename</I></B>
<TD>Returns the contents of the specified <I>directory</I> (or the current working directory if no <I>directory</I> is specified) on the remote machine, either to the screen or to a specified <I>filename</I> on the local machine.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>disconnect</B>
<TD>Ends the remote FTP sessions, but leaves the <B>ftp</B> program running locally.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>get <I>file1 file2</I></B>
<TD>Downloads <I>file1</I> from the remote machine and stores it locally as <I>file2</I>. If <I>file2</I> is not specified, the file will be stored locally as <I>file1</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>glob</B>
<TD>Turns on filename expansion for the <B>mget</B>, <B>mdelete</B>, and <B>mput</B> commands.
<TR>
<TD><B>hash</B>
<TD>Returns hash marks (#) for each block transferred.
<TR>
<TD><B>help <I>command</I></B>
<TD>Returns help information for the specified <I>command</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>idle <I>seconds</I></B>
<TD>Sets the <B>idle</B> setting on the remote machine in <I>seconds</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>image</B>
<TD>Sets transfer mode to binary (file) format. This can be used to transfer any file; it’s the opposite of the <B>ascii</B> setting.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>lcd <I>directory</I></B>
<TD>Changes the current local directory to <I>directory</I>. If a <I>directory</I> is not specified, the current local directory is changed to your home directory.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>ls <I>directory filename</I></B>
<TD>Lists the contents of <I>directory</I> (or the current working directory if no <I>directory</I> is specified) on the remote machine, either to the screen or to a specified <I>filename</I> on the local machine.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>macdef <I>macrofile</I></B>
<TD>Defines a macro, ending with a blank line; the result is stored in <I>macrofile</I>.
<TR>
<TD><B>mdelete <I>filename(s)</I></B>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Deletes <I>file(s)</I> on the remote machine.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>mdir <I>filename(s)</I></B>
<TD>Returns directory information for multiple, specified <I>filename(s)</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>mget <I>filename(s)</I></B>
<TD>Gets the specified <I>filename(s)</I> from the remote machine.
<TR>
<TD><B>mkdir <I>directory</I></B>
<TD>Creates a new <I>directory</I> on the remote machine.
<TR>
<TD><B>mls <I>directory localfile</I></B>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Lists the contents of the remote <I>directory</I> into <I>localfile</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>mode <I>modename</I></B>
<TD>Changes the mode to the new <I>modename</I>. The default is streaming mode.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>modtime <I>filename</I></B>
<TD>Displays the last modification time of specified <I>filename</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>mput <I>filename(s)</I></B>
<TD>Uploads specified <I>filename(s)</I> from local machine to FTP server.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>newer <I>remotefile</I></B>
<TD>Downloads <I>remotefile</I> if it is newer than the version on the local machine.
<TR>
<TD><B>nlist <I>directory localfile</I></B>
<TD VALIGN="TOP">Lists the contents of the remote <I>directory</I> into <I>localfile</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>open <I>host (port)</I></B>
<TD>Opens a connection to the specified <I>host</I> and optional <I>port</I>. If you don’t specify a host, the command will prompt you for one.
<TR>
<TD><B>prompt</B>
<TD>Turns off (or on) interactive prompting.
<TR>
<TD><B>proxy <I>command</I></B>
<TD>Runs <I>command</I> on another connection.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>put <I>file1 file2</I></B>
<TD>Copies local file <I>file1</I> to the remote machine as <I>file2</I>. If <I>file2</I> is not specified, then the name <I>file1</I> will be used.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>pwd</B>
<TD>Prints the current (working) directory on the remote machine.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>quit</B>
<TD>Ends the remote FTP session and the local <B>ftp</B> program.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>recv <I>file1 file2</I></B>
<TD>Downloads <I>file1</I> from the remote machine and stores it locally as <I>file2</I>. If <I>file2</I> is not specified, the file will be stored locally as <I>file1</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>reget <I>file1 file2</I></B>
<TD>Downloads <I>file1</I> from the remote machine and stores it locally as <I>file2</I>. If there was an interruption in the transfer, the new transfer will start where the old one was interrupted.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>remotehelp <I>command</I></B>
<TD>Returns help information about <I>command</I> from the remote machine.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>remotestatus <I>file</I></B>
<TD>Returns the status of the remote machine or <I>file</I> on the remote machine.
<TR>
<TD><B>rename <I>file1 file2</I></B>
<TD>Renames <I>file1</I> on the remote system to <I>file2</I>.
<TR>
<TD><B>reset</B>
<TD>Resets the transfer queue.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>restart <I>byte</I></B>
<TD>Restarts a transfer, beginning with a specific <I>byte</I> count.
<TR>
<TD><B>rmdir <I>directory</I></B>
<TD>Deletes <I>directory</I> on the remote machine.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>runique</B>
<TD>Turns on unique local file naming; if you’re attempting to grab a file from a remote machine and one already exists with the same name locally, the remote filename will be grabbed and a number (<B>.1</B>, <B>.2</B>, etc.) added to the new file.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>send <I>file1 file2</I></B>
<TD>Copies local file <I>file1</I> to the remote machine as <I>file2</I>. If <I>file2</I> is not specified, then the name <I>file1</I> will be used.
<TR>
<TD><B>site <I>command</I></B>
<TD>Returns information about the remote site.
<TR>
<TD><B>size <I>file</I></B>
<TD>Returns the size of the remote <I>file</I>.
<TR>
<TD><B>status</B>
<TD>Returns information about the current session.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>struct <I>name</I></B>
<TD>Changes the file-transfer structure to <I>name</I>. The default is streaming.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>sunique</B>
<TD>Turns on unique remote file naming; if you’re attempting to upload a file to a remote machine and one already exists with the same name, the file will be uploaded and a number (<B>.1</B>, <B>.2</B>, etc.) added to the new file.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>system</B>
<TD>Returns the name of the operating system running on the remote machine.
<TR>
<TD><B>trace</B>
<TD>Turns on packet tracing.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>type <I>type</I></B>
<TD>Sets the file-transfer type to <I>type</I>; the default is ASCII. Without <I>type</I> specified, the current type is returned.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>umask <I>mask</I></B>
<TD>Sets the mode mask on the remote machine. Without <I>mask</I> specified, the current mask is returned.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>user <I>name password account</I></B>
<TD>Sends your name, password, and account number to the remote server. If you don’t specify <I>password</I> or <I>account</I>, the remote server will prompt you for the information.
<TR>
<TD><B>verbose</B>
<TD>Turns on verbose mode.
</TABLE>
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