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<TITLE>Linux in Plain English:Linux Commands Organized by Group</TITLE>
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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->
<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->
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<P><BR></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>mail......<TT>Send and Read Mail</TT></B></FONT></P>
<P><B>mail</B> <I>option(s) users</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>mail</B> command (also known in Linux as the <B>mailx</B> command) is used to send and receive electronic mail, either from other users on the system or users from the Internet at large (if your system has Internet capabilities).</P>
<P><B>Mail</B> is only one of many electronic-mail options under Linux; virtually all distributions include the easier-to-use <B>pine</B> and <B>elm</B> programs, and other distributions include more advanced graphical mail tools.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>EXAMPLES</I></B></FONT></P>
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<PRE>
$ mail
</PRE>
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<P>This displays your mail.
</P>
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<PRE>
$ mail reichard@mr.net
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<P>This begins the process of sending electronic mail to <I>reichard@mr.net</I>.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-b <I>list</I></B>
<TD WIDTH="70%" COLSPAN="2">Sends blind carbon copies to <I>list</I>, which is a comma-separated list of names.
<TR>
<TD><B>-c <I>list</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Sends copies to users in <I>list</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-f <I>file</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Uses <B>mbox</B> (or <I>file</I>, if specified) when launching <B>mail</B>; used as an alternative mailbox.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-i</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Ignores interrupt signals, which is useful when you’re using a Linux machine on a noisy dial-up line.
<TR>
<TD><B>-I</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Forces interactive mode.
<TR>
<TD><B>-n</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Doesn’t read <B>/etc/mail.rc</B> when starting.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-N</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Suppresses display of message headers when reading mail or editing a mail folder.
<TR>
<TD><B>-s <I>arg</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Uses <I>arg</I> as the subject of the mail message.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-v</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Works in verbose mode, where the details of delivery are displayed.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B><I>-num</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Displays the preceding message; if <I>num</I> is specified, then the <I>num</I> number of previous messages is printed.
<TR>
<TD><B>?</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Displays a summary of commands.
<TR>
<TD><B>!<I>command</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Executes shell <I>command</I>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>alias (a) <I>alias</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Prints all aliases if <I>alias</I> is not specified. If <I>alias</I> is specified, then information about that alias is listed. If multiple <I>alias</I>es are specified, a new one is created or an old one is changed.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>alternates (alt)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Manages accounts on multiple machines, informing you about the status of listed addresses or alternates.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>chdir <I>dir</I> (c)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Changes your current directory to <I>dir</I>. If no directory is specified, then the current directory changes to your home directory.
<TR>
<TD><B>copy (co)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Copies a message, but does not delete the original.
<TR>
<TD><B>delete (d)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Deletes messages.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>dp, dt</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Deletes the current message and displays the next message.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>edit (e)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Launches text editor to edit message; after editing, the message is reentered into <B>mail</B>.
<TR>
<TD><B>exit (ex or x)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Quits <B>mail</B> without saving changes to the mailbox.
<TR>
<TD><B>file (fi)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Lists all folders in the folder directory.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>folder (fo)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Opens a new mail file or folder. If you don’t specify a new folder, the name of the current file is displayed. If you do switch to a new mail file or folder, the changes in the old mail file or folder will be written before switching. Shortcuts for the name of the new mail file or folder are:
<TR>
<TD>
<TD WIDTH="25%"><B>#</B>
<TD WIDTH="50%">previous file
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B>%</B>
<TD>system mailbox
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B>%<I>user</I></B>
<TD><I>user</I>’s system mailbox
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B>&</B>
<TD>your <B>mbox</B> file
<TR>
<TD>
<TD><B>+<I>folder</I></B>
<TD>file in your <I>folder</I> directory
<TR>
<TD><B>folders</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Lists all folders in the folder directory.
<TR>
<TD><B>from (f)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Prints message headers of messages.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>headers (h)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Lists the current range of headers, which is an 18-message group.
<TR>
<TD><B>help</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Displays a summary of commands.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>hold (ho, preserve)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Marks messages that are to be stored in your system mailbox instead of in <B>mbox</B>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>ignore <I>header</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Adds a header field to a list of fields to be ignored. If <I>header</I> is not specified, then the current list of fields to be ignored is displayed.
<TR>
<TD><B>mail (m) <I>user</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Sends mail to <I>user;</I> a list of users can also be specified.
<TR>
<TD><B>mbox</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Moves messages to <B>mbox</B> when exiting. Default.
<TR>
<TD><B>next (n)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Displays next message in the sequence.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>preserve (pre)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Marks messages that are to be stored in your system mailbox instead of in <B>mbox</B>.
<TR>
<TD><B>print <I>list</I> (p)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Prints messages in <I>list</I>.
<TR>
<TD><B>Print <I>list</I> (P)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Prints <I>list</I> of files, as well as ignored header fields.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>quit (q)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Ends <B>mail</B> session, saving all undeleted, unsaved messages in the <B>mbox</B> file, preserving all messages marked with <B>hold</B> or <B>preserve</B> or never referenced in the system mailbox, and removing all other messages from the system mailbox.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>reply (r)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Composes a reply to the originator of the message and the other recipients.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>Reply (R)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Composes a reply to the originator of the message, but none of the other recipients.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>respond</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Composes a reply to the originator of the message and the other recipients.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>retain <I>header</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Adds <I>header</I> to the list of fields named in <B>retained_list</B>, which are shown when you view a message.
<TR>
<TD><B>save (s)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Saves a message to a specific folder.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>set (se)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Displays all variables. If an argument is presented, it is used to set an option.
<TR>
<TD><B>saveignore</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Removes ignored fields when saving a message.
<TR>
<TD><B>saveretain</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Retains specified fields when saving a message.
<TR>
<TD><B>shell (sh)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Launches shell.
<TR>
<TD><B>size</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Lists messages by size.
<TR>
<TD><B>source <I>file</I></B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Reads commands from <I>file</I>.
<TR>
<TD><B>top</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Displays the first five lines of a message.
<TR>
<TD><B>type <I>list</I> (t)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Prints messages in <I>list</I>.
<TR>
<TD><B>Type (T)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Prints <I>list</I> of files, as well as ignored header fields.
<TR>
<TD><B>unalias</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Discards previous aliases.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>undelete (u)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Undeletes a message that was previously marked for deletion.
<TR>
<TD><B>unread (U)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Marks previously read messages as being unread.
<TR>
<TD><B>unset</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Discards previous variables set with the <B>set</B> command.
<TR>
<TD><B>visual (v)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Launches visual editor and edits each message in a list.
<TR>
<TD><B>write <I>file</I> (w)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Writes the message body, without headers, to <I>file</I>.
<TR>
<TD><B>xit (x)</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Quits <B>mail</B> without saving changes to the mailbox.
<TR>
<TD><B>z</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Display next window of messages.
<TR>
<TD><B>z-</B>
<TD COLSPAN="2">Displays previous window of messages.
</TABLE>
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