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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->
<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->
<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->
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<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>make......<TT>Make Program</TT></B></FONT></P>
<IMG SRC="images/05-144i.jpg"><P><B>make</B> <I>option(s) target</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>make</B> command manages a group of files that make up a program. When there are changes to a program, such as a change in the source code, the <B>make</B> command can create a new program, keeping existing portions of the program while incorporating the changes. The <B>make</B> command determines which pieces of a program need to be recompiled and issues the commands to recompile them.</P>
<P>The <B>make</B> command is used most often with the C programming language (as well as X Window System software), but it can be used with any programming language whose compiler is run with a shell command.</P>
<P>The <B>make</B> command uses a <B>Makefile</B> to determine what changes are necessary and issues the commands needed to update the files. Typically, the executable file is updated from object files, which are derived from source files.</P>
<P>You typically need only run <B>make</B> on a command line to perform all the recompilations automatically. A README file included with the distribution will typically provide more detailed instructions.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-b</B>
<TD WIDTH="80%">Ignored; included for compatibility with non-GNU versions of <B>make</B>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-m</B>
<TD>Ignored; included for compatibility with non-GNU versions of <B>make</B>.
<TR>
<TD><B>-C <I>dir</I></B>
<TD>Changes to <I>dir</I> directory before doing anything.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-d</B>
<TD>Returns debugging information in addition to the normal information.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-e</B>
<TD>Uses environment variables over variables specified in <B>makefile</B>s.
<TR>
<TD><B>-f <I>file</I></B>
<TD>Uses <I>file</I> as a <B>makefile</B>.
<TR>
<TD><B>-i</B>
<TD>Ignores errors arising from compilation problems.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-I <I>dir</I></B>
<TD>Specifies <I>dir</I> as a location to search for included makefiles.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-j <I>jobs</I></B>
<TD>Sets the number of <I>jobs</I> (commands) to run simultaneously.
<TR>
<TD><B>-k</B>
<TD>Continues as much as possible after an error.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-l <I>load</I></B>
<TD>Specifies that no new jobs (commands) should be started if there are other jobs running and the load average is at least <I>load</I> (a floating-point number).
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-n</B>
<TD>Prints the commands as though they were executed, but does not execute them.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-o <I>file</I></B>
<TD>Skips remaking <I>file</I>, even if the <B>makefile</B> indicates that it should be remade.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-p</B>
<TD>Prints the database generated from the <B>makefile</B>, then runs the command.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-q</B>
<TD>Works in question mode, returning an exit status that is zero if the specified targets are already up to date, nonzero otherwise.
<TR>
<TD><B>-r</B>
<TD>Eliminates built-in implicit rules.
<TR>
<TD><B>-s</B>
<TD>Doesn’t print the commands as they are executed.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-S</B>
<TD>Cancels the effect of the <B>-k</B> option; useful in a recursive <B>make</B>.
<TR>
<TD><B>-t</B>
<TD>Touches files instead of running their commands.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-w</B>
<TD>Returns the working directory before and after other processing.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-W <I>file</I></B>
<TD>Pretends that the target <I>file</I> has been modified. Use this with the <B>-n</B> option to see what would happen if you actually did modify the file.
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>gcc</B>
<DD><B>makedepend</B>
</DL>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>makedepend......<TT>Make Dependencies</TT></B></FONT></P>
<IMG SRC="images/05-145i.jpg"><P><B>makedepend</B> <I>option(s) sourcefile(s)</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>makedepend</B> command reads a <I>sourcefile</I> and parses it like a C-preprocessor, processing all <B>#include</B>, <B>#define</B>, <B>#undef</B>, <B>#ifdef</B>, <B>#ifndef</B>, <B>#endif</B>, <B>#if</B>, and <B>#else</B> directives so that it can correctly tell which <B>#include</B> directives would be used in a compilation.</P>
<P>Every file that a <I>sourcefile</I> includes, directly or indirectly, is a dependency. These dependencies are then written to a <B>makefile</B> in such a way that <B>make</B> will know what to recompile when a dependency has changed.</P>
<P>By default, <B>makedepend</B> sends output to <B>makefile</B> (if it exists) or <B>Makefile</B>.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-a</B>
<TD WIDTH="70%">Appends dependencies to the end of the file instead of replacing them.
<TR>
<TD><B>-D<I>name</I>=<I>def</I></B>
<TD>Defines <I>name</I> in the <B>makedepend</B> symbol table.
<TR>
<TD><B>-f<I>makefile</I></B>
<TD>Defines an alternate filename for the <B>makefile</B>.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-I<I>includedir</I></B>
<TD>Specifies an include directory by prepending <I>includedir</I> directories listed in an <B>#include</B> directive.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-m</B>
<TD>Issues a warning when a file is to be included more than once.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-o<I>objsuffix</I></B>
<TD>Specifies a suffix for an object file, instead of the default <B>.o</B>.
<TR>
<TD><B>-p<I>objprefix</I></B>
<TD>Specifies a prefix for an object file (usually a new directory).
<TR>
<TD><B>-s<I>string</I></B>
<TD>Sets a new starting string delimiter for the <B>makefile.</B>
<TR>
<TD><B>-w<I>width</I></B>
<TD>Sets the line width. The default is 78 characters.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-v</B>
<TD>Runs in verbose mode, where the names of files included is sent to the screen.
<TR>
<TD><B>-Y<I>includedir</I></B>
<TD>Replaces the standard include directories with <I>includedir</I>.
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMAND</I></B></FONT></P>
<DL>
<DD><B>cc</B>
<DD><B>make</B>
</DL>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>makestrs......<TT>Make String Table</TT></B></FONT></P>
<IMG SRC="images/05-146i.jpg"><P><B>makestrs</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>
<P>The <B>makestrs</B> command makes string table C source files and header. The C source file is written to <B>stdout</B>.</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="30%"><B>-arrayperabi</B>
<TD WIDTH="70%">Generates a separate array for each string.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-defaultab</B>
<TD>Generates a normal string table even if <B>makestrs</B> was compiled with -DARRAYPERSTR.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-earlyR6abi</B>
<TD>Maintains binary compatibility between X11R6 public-patch 11 (and earlier) and X11R6 public-patch 12 (and later).
<TR>
<TD><B>-functionabi</B>
<TD>Generates a functional abi to the string table.
<TR>
<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-intelabi</B>
<TD>Works with Intel platforms conforming to the System V Application Binary Interface (SVR4).
</TABLE>
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