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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->

<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->

<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->

<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->

<!--PUBLISHER=IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.//-->

<!--IMPRINT=M & T Books//-->

<!--CHAPTER=5//-->

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<P><BR></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>messages......<TT>Count Messages</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>messages</B> <I>foldername</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>messages</B> command counts the number of messages in a <I>foldername</I>, keying off of the number of times the <B>From:</B> field appears<B>.</B></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>metamail......<TT>Multimedia Mail</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>metamail</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>metamail</B> command works with multimedia mail messages, as defined by the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) format. It reads a mailcap file to determine how to display nontext message. It&#146;s also called by other mail programs that need to display nontext messages.</P>

<P>Unless you run into unusual circumstances, you&#146;ll never use <B>metamail</B> directly; instead, your mail package will invoke it to display nontext messages. Since users won&#146;t use this command directly, we devote little space to it; instead, we encourage you to check the online-manual pages to see how to add metamail support to a mail-reading program or add lines.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>metasend......<TT>Send Multimedia Mail</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>metasend</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>metasend</B> command sends an existing data file as a nontext multimedia mail message. You can specify a message recipient, subject, carbon-copy recipients, MIME content-type, filename, and encoding on the command line; if you don&#146;t, you&#146;ll be prompted for this information after you launch the command.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-b</B>

<TD WIDTH="75%">Works in batch mode, exiting if information is missing from the command line.

<TR>

<TD><B>-c <I>cc</I></B>

<TD>Sets the carbon-copy (CC) address.

<TR>

<TD><B>-D</B>

<TD>Sets the Content-description value.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-e <I>encoding</I></B>

<TD>Sets the encoding type: <I>base64</I>, <I>quoted-printable</I>, <I>7bit</I>, or <I>x-uue</I>.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-E</B>

<TD>Specifies that the file is already a MIME entity, not requiring a Content-description header.

<TR>

<TD><B>-f <I>filename</I></B>

<TD>Sets the data file.

<TR>

<TD><B>-F <I>from</I></B>

<TD>Sets the From address.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-i &lt;<I>content-id</I>&gt;</B>

<TD>Sets the <I>content-id</I> for the MIME entity, enclosed in angle brackets.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-I &lt;<I>content-id</I>&gt;</B>

<TD>Sets the <I>content-id</I> for the multipart entity created by <B>metasend</B>,

<TR>

<TD><B>-m <I>MIME-type</I></B>

<TD>Sets the MIME content -type.

<TR>

<TD><B>-n --</B>

<TD>Specifies that an additional file is to be included.

<TR>

<TD><B>-o <I>outputfile</I></B>

<TD>Sends the output to <I>outputfile</I>.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-P <I>preamblefile</I></B>

<TD>Specifies a file to be used as the preamble of the MIME message.

<TR>

<TD><B>-s <I>subject</I></B>

<TD>Sets the Subject field.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-S <I>splitsize</I></B>

<TD>Sets the maximum size before splitting a message into parts via <B>splitmail</B>.

<TR>

<TD><B>-t <I>to</I></B>

<TD>Sets the To: address,

<TR>

<TD><B>-z</B>

<TD>Deletes temporary files, even if delivery fails.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMAND</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>audiosend</B>

<DD><B>mailto</B>

<DD><B>mmencode</B>

<DD><B>splitmail</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>mimencode......<TT>MIME Encoding</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>mimencode</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>mimencode</B> command translates to and from the Multipurpose Internet Mail Encoding (MIME) standard. Since MS-DOS/Windows/Windows 95/Windows NT doesn&#146;t support uuencoding, MIME encoding is preferable.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="25%"><B>-b</B>

<TD WIDTH="75%">Specifies base64 encoding (the default).

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-q</B>

<TD>Specifies quoted-printable encoding instead of base64.

<TR>

<TD><B>-u</B>

<TD>Decodes input, not encodes it.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-p</B>

<TD>Translates carriage return/line feed sequences into newlines.

<TR>

<TD><B>-o <I>filename</I></B>

<TD>Sends output to <I>filename</I>.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>mmencode......<TT>MIME Encoding</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>mmencode</B> <I>option(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>mmencode</B> command translates to and from the Multipurpose Internet Mail Encoding (MIME) standard. Since MS-DOS/Windows/Windows 95/Windows NT doesn&#146;t support uuencoding, MIME encoding is preferable.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTION</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="25%"><B>-b</B>

<TD WIDTH="75%">Specifies base64 encoding (the default).

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-q</B>

<TD>Specifies quoted-printable encoding instead of base64.

<TR>

<TD><B>-u</B>

<TD>Decodes input, not encodes it.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-p</B>

<TD>Translates carriage return/line feed sequences into newlines.

<TR>

<TD><B>-o <I>filename</I></B>

<TD>Sends output to <I>filename</I>.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>pine......<TT>Electronic Mail/News</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>pine</B> <I>option(s) address</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>pine</B> command is used to read electronic mail and Usenet news. It supports MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), allowing you to save MIME objects to files. In some cases, it can also initiate the correct program for viewing the object.</P>

<P>Outgoing mail is usually handed off to <B>sendmail</B>, but it can be posted directly via SMTP. There are many command-line options; see the online-manual pages for more information.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>elm</B>

<DD><B>mail</B>

<DD><B>sendmail</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>Pnews......<TT>Post News Articles</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>Pnews</B></P>

<P><B>Pnews</B> <I>newsgroup title</I></P>

<P><B>Pnews</B> <I>-h headerfile</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>Pnews</B> command posts news articles to specific newsgroups. It&#146;s an interactive program, which means that it guides you through the process of adding an item to a newsgroup. After you&#146;ve entered the relevant information, the new news item is sent to the Usenet via the <B>inews</B> program.</P>

<P><B>Pnews</B> will include a signature file, if the file is <B>.news_sig</B> and stored in your home directory. The <B>inews</B> program adds a signature via the <B>.signature</B> file stored in your home directory. (If both files exist, then they both will be added to a news item.)</P>

<P>Pnews will use the default system editor to compose messages, which is defined with the EDITOR variable. This program also interacts with the <B>trn</B> newsreader; you&#146;ll want to look through the online manual pages for more information.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>EXAMPLES</I></B></FONT></P>

<!-- CODE SNIP //-->

<PRE>

$ Pnews

I see you&#146;ve never used this version of Pnews before.

    I will give you extra help this first time through,

    but then you must remember what you learned.

$ Pnews alt.linux.slackware

</PRE>

<!-- END CODE SNIP //-->

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTION</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-h</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">When used with <B>trn</B>, <B>Pnews</B> will insert a previous article that is the subject of the current article.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>inews</B>

<DD><B>Rnmail</B>

<DD><B>trn</B>

</DL>

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