056-065.html

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<TITLE>Linux in Plain English:Linux Commands Organized by Group</TITLE>

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<!--ISBN=1558285423//-->

<!--TITLE=Linux in Plain English//-->

<!--AUTHOR=Patrick Volkerding//-->

<!--AUTHOR=Kevin Reichard//-->

<!--PUBLISHER=IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.//-->

<!--IMPRINT=M & T Books//-->

<!--CHAPTER=5//-->

<!--PAGES=056-065//-->

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<TD><A HREF="053-056.html">Previous</A></TD>

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<TD><A HREF="065-070.html">Next</A></TD>

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<P><BR></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="40%"><B>-size WIDTHxHEIGHT</B>

<TD WIDTH="60%">Specifies the size of the bitmap grid.

<TR>

<TD><B>-sw dimension</B>

<TD>Specifies the width of squares in pixels.

<TR>

<TD><B>-sh dimension</B>

<TD>Specifies the height of squares in pixels.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-gt dimension</B>

<TD>Sets the grid tolerance; if the size of the dimensions falls below the dimension, the grid will be turned off.

<TR>

<TD><B>-grid</B>

<TD>Turns off the grid lines.

<TR>

<TD><B>&#43;grid</B>

<TD>Turns on the grid lines.

<TR>

<TD><B>-axes</B>

<TD>Turns off the major axes.

<TR>

<TD><B>&#43;axes</B>

<TD>Turns on the major axes.

<TR>

<TD><B>-dashed</B>

<TD>Turns off the dashing for the frame and grid lines.

<TR>

<TD><B>&#43;dashed</B>

<TD>Turns on the dashing for the frame and grid lines.

<TR>

<TD><B>-stippled</B>

<TD>Turns off the stippling of highlighted squares.

<TR>

<TD><B>&#43;stippled</B>

<TD>Turns on the stippling of highlighted squares.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-proportional</B>

<TD>Turns off proportional mode, where the square width is equal to square height.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>&#43;proportional</B>

<TD>Turns on proportional mode, where the square width is equal to square height.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-dashes filename</B>

<TD>Sets the bitmap <I>filename</I> to be used as a stipple for dashing.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-stipple filename</B>

<TD>Sets the bitmap <I>filename</I> to be used as a stipple for highlighting.

<TR>

<TD><B>-hl color</B>

<TD>Sets the <I>color</I> used for highlighting.

<TR>

<TD><B>-fr color</B>

<TD>Sets the <I>color</I> used for the frame and grid lines.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>atobm

<DD>bmtoa</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>bmtoa......<TT>Bitmap Converter</TT></B></FONT></P>

<IMG SRC="images/05-06i.jpg"><P><B>bmtoa</B> <I>option filename</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>bmtoa</B> command converts X Window System bitmap files to ASCII strings. See the <B>bitmap</B> command for more information on X Window System bitmap files.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>EXAMPLE</I></B></FONT></P>

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<PRE>

$ bmtoa bitmap_file

</PRE>

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<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTION</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-chars cc</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Sets the characters to use to specify the 0s and 1s that make up the bitmap file. The default is to use dashes (-) for 0s and sharp signs (#) for the 1s.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>atobm

<DD>bitmap</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>cal......<TT>Calendar</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>cal</B> <I>option(s) month year</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>cal</B> command displays a calendar for a three-month period (with the current month bracketed by the previous month and the next month), for a specific month and year when the <I>month</I> and <I>year</I> are specified, or a calendar for 12 months of a specific year when only <I>year</I> is specified. The <I>year</I> can be between 1 and 9999, while the <I>month</I> can be between 1 and 12.</P>

<P>The <B>cal</B> command is based on the British/American convention. To see the Gregorian calendar, use a command line of <I>cal 1752</I>.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>EXAMPLES</I></B></FONT></P>

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<PRE>

cal

cal 7 1997

cal 1997

cal 1752

</PRE>

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<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>month</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Specifies a month.

<TR>

<TD><B>year

<TD>Specifies a year.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-j</B>

<TD>Returns Julian dates, where days are numbered between 1 and 365 (except for leap years).

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>RELATED COMMANDS</I></B></FONT></P>

<DL>

<DD><B>date</B>

</DL>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>chsh......<TT>Change Shell</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>chsh</B> <I>option(s) shell</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>chsh</B> command changes your login shell. You can specify a shell, or you can choose a shell from a list of available shells.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>-L</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Lists the available shells, as listed in <B>/etc/shells</B>, without making a change.

<TR>

<TD><B>-s</B>

<TD>Specifies a new shell.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>EXAMPLES</I></B></FONT></P>

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<PRE>

$ chsh zsh

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<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>cksum......<TT>Check Files</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>cksum</B> <I>file(s)</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>cksum</B> command performs a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) on the specified <I>file(s)</I> to make sure that the files are not corrupted.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>EXAMPLE</I></B></FONT></P>

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<PRE>

$ cksum CHANGES.TXT

4005661398     2344  CHANGES.TXT

</PRE>

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<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>clear......<TT>Clear Screen</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>clear</B></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>clear</B> command clears the screen if you&#146;re working in terminal mode.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>EXAMPLE</I></B></FONT></P>

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<PRE>

clear

</PRE>

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<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>colcrt......<TT>Color Correct</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>colcrt</B> <I>option(s) file</I></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>colcrt</B> command corrects the formatting of escape characters and reverse linefeeds generated by the <B>tbl</B> or <B>nroff</B> commands. This command applies if you&#146;re working with Linux in terminal mode. It&#146;s not usually used on its own, but rather as part of a longer command line.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%"><B>-</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Turns off underlining.

<TR>

<TD><B>-2</B>

<TD>Turns on double spacing.

</TABLE>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>csh......<TT>C Shell</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>csh</B></P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>csh</B> launches the C shell, one of the many Linux command-line shells. See Chapter 6 for more on shells.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B>date......<TT>Date</TT></B></FONT></P>

<P><B>date</B> <I>option &#43;format</I></P>

<P><B>date</B> <I>option string</I> (for privileged users)</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>PURPOSE</I></B></FONT></P>

<P>The <B>date</B> command displays the current date and time. The many formats allow you to control the format. A privileged user, such as the root user, can use the command to set the system date.</P>

<P><FONT SIZE="+1"><B><I>OPTIONS</I></B></FONT></P>

<TABLE WIDTH="100%">

<TR>

<TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP"><B>&#43;format</B>

<TD WIDTH="80%">Displays the date in a specific <I>format</I>; format options are listed in the next section.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-s</B>

<TD>Sets the date. The option is available only to privileged users.

<TR>

<TD VALIGN="TOP"><B>-u</B>

<TD>Returns the time in universal time, also known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

</TABLE>

<P><BR></P>

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